Adversities Experienced by Grandchildren in Korean Grandparent-Grandchildren Families and their Family Resilience

( Min-ja Jung ) 대한가정학회 2016 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to make a policy proposal for Korean grandparent-grandchildren families, analyzing what adversities adolescent grandchildren suffer when living in a grandparent-grandchild family, the types of Korean families and how family resilience appears as family power. In order to conduct this study, 20 consenting adolescents were selected for an interview from grandparent-grandchildren families recommended by the U City Healthy Family Support Center. This study suggests the following conclusions. First, we discussed divorce, death, financial bankruptcy related stress, economic difficulties in the present family, accidents involving family members of a grandparent-grandchild family, grandparents` serious disease, death, family conflicts and family comparisons with friends. Second, in the domain of family resilience, desire to maintain the family appeared as a Korean value. In addition, efforts to bond as an emotional family and grandchildren`s attitudes of gratitude to grandparents are also expressed. However, family conversation appears weak due to the generation gap between adolescents and grandparents or complications from family stress. Third, the resilience in the family organization appeared weak since there are relatively insufficient socio-economic resources to support the family. This study makes several suggestions for family policies and shows the necessity to develop policies that reflect the needs of grandchildren and grandparents.

조손가족 청소년의 학교 적응유연성 모형 적합도 검증 연구

류재중,조아미 한국청소년학회 2007 청소년학연구 Vol.14 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 조손가족 청소년의 실태를 파악하고, 조손가족 청소년의 학교적응유연성에 영향을 미치는 변인을 조사하고, 조손가족 청소년의 학교적응유연성 모형의 적합성을 검토하는 것이다. 조사대상은 광주광역시에 거주하고 있는 291명의 조손가족 청소년이었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조손가족 청소년이 조부모와 동거를 시작한 시기가 초등학교 이전인 경우가 과반수가 넘고, 초등학교 시절부터인 경우가 90% 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조손가족 청소년이 조부모와 동거를 하게 된 이유를 보면, 부모의 사망과 같은 어쩔 수 없는 상황보다 부모의 이혼, 가출, 재혼과 같은 부모로서 책임을 다해야 함에도 불구하고 자신의 자녀양육을 조부모에게 떠맡기는 상황에서 이루어진 경우가 훨씬 많다. 셋째, 조손가족 청소년의 학교 적응유연성에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 관심을 끄는 것은 교사의 무관심이다. 넷째, 자아존중감과 사회적 유대관계는 조손가족 청소년의 학교 적응유연성에서 매개변인의 역할을 한다. 다섯째, 위험요인과 보호요인이 조손가족 청소년의 학교 적응유연성을 설명하는 비율은 전체적으로 볼 때 37.4%로 비교적 높다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study was (1) to find actual condition of adolescents in grandparent-grandchildren family, (2) to investigate the variables affecting school resilience of adolescents in grandparent-grandchildren family, and (3) to examine the school resilience model of adolescents in grandparent-grandchildren family. The subjects were 291 adolescents in grandparent-grandchildren family. The instruments employed in the present study were the school resilience scale used by Park(1998), and the risk evaluation scale developed by the National Youth Commission. The data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 and Amos 4.0. The frequency analysis, stepwise multiple regression, structural equation modeling were performed. The results of the study were as follows. First, many adolescents in grandparent-grandchildren family have lived with their grandparents before entering elementary school. Second, most of adolescents in grandparent-grandchildren family have lived with their grandparents because of parent's divorce. Third, teachers' indifference toward adolescents in grandparent-grandchildren family was the most important factor on school resilience. Fourth, self-esteem and social bond played as mediating variables between teachers' indifference and school resilience. Fifth, teachers' indifference, self-esteem, and social bond explained 37.4% of the total variance of school resilience.

Adversities Experienced by Grandchildren in Korean Grandparent-Grandchildren Families and their Family Resilience

정민자 대한가정학회 2016 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to make a policy proposal for Korean grandparent-grandchildren families, analyzing what adversities adolescent grandchildren suffer when living in a grandparent-grandchild family, the types of Korean families and how family resilience appears as family power. In order to conduct this study, 20 consenting adolescents were selected for an interview from grandparent-grandchildren families recommended by the U City Healthy Family Support Center. This study suggests the following conclusions. First, we discussed divorce, death, financial bankruptcy related stress, economic difficulties in the present family, accidents involving family members of a grandparent-grandchild family, grandparents’ serious disease, death, family conflicts and family comparisons with friends. Second, in the domain of family resilience, desire to maintain the family appeared as a Korean value. In addition, efforts to bond as an emotional family and grandchildren’s attitudes of gratitude to grandparents are also expressed. However, family conversation appears weak due to the generation gap between adolescents and grandparents or complications from family stress. Third, the resilience in the family organization appeared weak since there are relatively insufficient socio-economic resources to support the family. This study makes several suggestions for family policies and shows the necessity to develop policies that reflect the needs of grandchildren and grandparents.

Adversities Experienced by Grandchildren in Korean Grandparent-Grandchildren Families and their Family Resilience

Jung, Min-ja The Korean Home Economics Association 2016 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to make a policy proposal for Korean grandparent-grandchildren families, analyzing what adversities adolescent grandchildren suffer when living in a grandparent-grandchild family, the types of Korean families and how family resilience appears as family power. In order to conduct this study, 20 consenting adolescents were selected for an interview from grandparent-grandchildren families recommended by the U City Healthy Family Support Center. This study suggests the following conclusions. First, we discussed divorce, death, financial bankruptcy related stress, economic difficulties in the present family, accidents involving family members of a grandparent-grandchild family, grandparents' serious disease, death, family conflicts and family comparisons with friends. Second, in the domain of family resilience, desire to maintain the family appeared as a Korean value. In addition, efforts to bond as an emotional family and grandchildren's attitudes of gratitude to grandparents are also expressed. However, family conversation appears weak due to the generation gap between adolescents and grandparents or complications from family stress. Third, the resilience in the family organization appeared weak since there are relatively insufficient socio-economic resources to support the family. This study makes several suggestions for family policies and shows the necessity to develop policies that reflect the needs of grandchildren and grandparents.

저소득층 조손가족의 십대 손자녀가 지각한 역경과 가족 레질리언스에 관한 질적 분석

정민자 한국복지상담교육학회 2016 복지상담교육연구 Vol.5 No.1

This study was carried out to analyze the adversity and family resilience perceived by the grandchildren in low-income grandparent-grandchild families through in-depth interviews and to make proposals for policies to support grandparent-grandchild families. Through this study, the following conclusions are drawn. First, the adversities of the families perceived by teenaged grandchildren include economic difficulties, difficulties caused by parents’ divorce, accidents and incidents experienced in grandparent-grandchild families and family conflicts. Second, the belief system of a family is a powerful force to maintain the family in family resilience, but the organizational system and communication process of the family show relative vulnerability. Through the results of this study, proposals for social policies are made to support the power of a grandparent-grandchild family as an alternative family for raising children, which resolves the issues of the alienation of children and their emotional defects due to marital dissolution which is increasing today. In other words, these include the necessity of the enactment of ‘support for supporting grandparent-grandchild families act (bill)’ and an institutional improvement to ‘include grandparents in the scope of visitation right after divorce’ for grandparent-grandchild families. In addition, institutional enactment and interest are required, including s system for supporting extrinsic services, family counseling through vouchers, connection with school and social system and various support systems for community networks to resolve the issue of adversity specific to grandparent-grandchild families. 본 연구는 저소득층 조손가족의 십대 손자녀가 지각한 역경과 가족 레질리언스를 심층면접을 통해 분석하여, 조손가족 지원을 위한 정책적 제언을 하고자 연구되었다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 십대 손자녀가 지각한 가족의 역경은 경제적 어려움, 부모의 이혼으로 인한 어려움, 조손가족에서 겪는 가족 내의 사건 사고, 가족 갈등으로 대표된다. 둘째, 가족 레질리언스에서 가족을 유지하는 강력한 힘은 가족의 신념체계이나, 가족의 조직체계와 의사소통 과정이 상대적으로 취약성을 나타내고 있다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 오늘날 증가하고 있는 부부해체로 인한 자녀의 소외와 자녀의 정서적 결함의 문제를 해결하는 자녀양육 대안 가족으로서, 조손가족의 힘을 지원하기 위한 사회정책적 제안을 하고 있다. 즉 ‘조손가족지원법(안)’ 제정, 조손가족의 경우 ‘이혼 면접교섭권 범위에 조부모를 포함’ 하는 제도적 개선 등이다. 또한 조손가족의 특수한 역경의 문제를 해결하는 외재적 서비스 지원체계와 가족상담, 학교 사회체계와의 연계, 지역사회네트워크를 위한 다양한 지원체계 등을 포함한 제도적 법률제정과 관심이 요청되고 있다.

조손가족 조부모의 양육태도와 양육스트레스가 손자녀 적응에 미치는 영향 연구

김혜선(Hye Seon Kim) 한국아동복지학회 2004 한국아동복지학 Vol.- No.18

본 연구는 조손가족 조부모의 양육태도와 양육스트레스가 손자녀 적응에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 광주광역시, 순천시, 여수시, 광양시, 고흥군을 중심으로 자녀세대의 가족해체로 인해 자녀가 부재한 상태에서 조부모가 초등학생인 아동과 동거하며 아동의 일상생활을 1차적으로 보호하고 지도하고 있는 조손가족의 조부모와 손자녀 각 198쌍, 총 396명을 연구대상으로 조손가족 손자녀의 적응상태와 조손가족 조부모의 양육 태도와 양육스트레스가 손자녀의 적응에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 SPSS 10, AMOS 4.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 손자녀의 현재 연령에 따라서 7세 아동이 12세 아동보다 상대적으로 높은 우울 수준을 나타내고 있었다. 그리고 2가지 양육태도와 3가지 양육스트레스가 손자녀 적응에 미치는 영향을 다중회귀분석으로 실시한 결과, 양육태도만이 영향력을 끼치고 있었고 조부모의 양육태도는 권위/통제적이면서 애정/수용적이다는 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 하지만 다중회귀분석이 가실 수밖에 없는 다중공선 성의 문제를 극복하고, 변수들 사이의 종합적인 관계 양상을 파악하고자 경로 분석을 실시한 결과, 부모의 사망으로 조부모의 양육을 받게 된 손자녀 집단에서 유의수준 01 수준에서 경로 모형이 성립되었다. 더 나아가 위의 경로 모형을 아동의 현재 연령(학년)과 양육기간에 따라서도 세분화화여 실시한 결과, 양육기간을 기준으로 7~8년 집단에서만 경로 모형이 받아들일 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 조손가족 손자녀의 적응이 조부모의 양육태도와 양육스트레스에 영향을 받고 있음을 나타내고 있으며, 조손가족 손자녀의 적응력을 향상하기 위해서는 다층적인 개입과 조부모의 개입의 중요성을 입증한다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 조손가족 손자녀의 적응력을 향상시키기 위해서는 가족-학교와의 연계 프로그램 즉, 조부모들의 학교지원 프로그램과 학교의 조손가족지원 프로그램, 학령 전 아동들을 대상으로 학교생활 체험프로그램 등과 같은 서비스와 프로그램이 제공되어야 할 것이며, 조손 가족 손자녀를 위한 조부모의 양육태도와 양육스트레스에 대한 개입 프로그램과 서비스가 필요할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this paper was to examine how grandparent`s attitude to bring up, care stress had effects on grandchildren`s adjustment in grandparent-grandchildren family. To achieve this, this study conducted purposive sampling of grandparent-grandchildren families in Gwangju, Suncheon, Yeosu, Gwangyang Goheung in cooperation with social welfare centers, dong offices, and public health centers. A research target was grandparent-grandchildren families whose children did not live with parents and were elementary students due to broken family and whose grandparent took care of and supervised the children`s daily life primarily. 198 grandparents and 198 grandchildren, total of 396, were selected and measured in grandparent`s attitude to bring up, care stress having effects on children`s adjustment . Technical statistics, t-test, F-test, simple product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis were conducted in collected data using SPSS/PC 10.0, AMOSE 4.0 The results suggested that grandparent`s attitude to bringing up and grandparent`s care stress had effects on children`s adjustment. In particular, children were more depressed and aggressive when grandparent`s attitude to bringing up was authoritative, controlled, affectionate, and receptive, children were low in age. This study proposed that it was needed to develop programs which consider grandparent`s technique of bringing up, support group, and the improvement of relationship between family and school according to grandparent`s school support in order for children to develop children`s positive adjustment.

조손가족 청소년의 문제행동과 사회적 지지 및 자아존중감간의 관계 : 3세대가족 청소년과의 차이를 중심으로

이창식,박미자 한국가족관계학회 2009 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.13 No.4

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of problem behaviors, social support and self-esteem of adolescents of grandparent-grandchild families and three-generational families, and predict variables determining their problem behaviors. Data were collected from 318 adolescents of grandparent-grandchild families and 417 adolescents of three-generational families. First, there was significant difference in overt and covert problem behaviors between two groups. The adolescents of grandparent-grandchild families were higher in the score of overt and covert problem behaviors than those of three-generational families. Second, the adolescents of grandparent-grandchild families scored significantly lower than their counterparts on parental support. Third, self-esteem was significantly different between two groups, indicating that the adolescents of grandparent-grandchild families were lower in score of self-esteem than those of three-generational families. Forth, covert problem behaviors of adolescents of grandparent-grandchild families and three-generational families were commonly affected by self-esteem and parental support. But for the adolescents of grandparent-grandchild families, overt problem behaviors were influenced by self-esteem, teacher support, and grandparent support, but for the adolescents of three-generational families, by self-esteem, parental support, and friend support.

농촌 조손가족 손자녀들의 자아존중감에 작용하는 요인

양순미 한국가족관계학회 2011 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study aimed at identifying the effect of the variables that influence the grandchildren` self-esteem in rural grandparent-grandchildren families and investing their aspects. The following is the findings of this study. First, the level of the grandchildren` self-esteem in rural grandparent-grandchildren families was higher than the one in urban families according to the precedent study. Second, the regression analysis showed that the scholastic performance was the most significant factor influencing on the grandchildren`s self-esteem in rural grandparent- grandchildren families(β=.29), followed by the intimacy between the grandparent and grandchildren(β=.23). Whereas the frequency of meeting or telephone contact with parents did not affect on it. In addition, the scholastic performance highly correlated with the intimacy. Finally, this study suggested the intimacy between grandparent and grandchildren is important to improve grandchildren`s self-esteem in rural areas. In addition, the characteristic of the grandchildren`s self-esteem in rural grandparent-grandchildren families may be predicted by the intimacy. Therefore we should focus to develop plans for improving the intimacy in rural areas.

조손가정 가족원의 자아존중감과 가족기능 향상을 위한 가족미술치료 사례연구

박윤미,전수경 한국미술치료학회 2014 美術治療硏究 Vol.21 No.5

This study conducted a family art therapy targeting family members who live with grandparents sinceparents’ divorce and runaway in order to verify the effects the family art therapy on the improvementof the self-esteem, the family cohesion and the adaptability of family members from thegrandparent-grandchildren families. Family members from an impoverished grandparent-grandchildren familywho has requested consultation with a J family support center located in Y-gu, Seoul, was selected as aresearch subject. The subject with her grandmother (age 60) and younger sister (age 13) joined a total of 11sessions of the art therapy once a week for 90 minutes each from September to December, 2009. In orderto verify the effects of the program, the study evaluated problems through the interviews with the researchsubject, and conducted the ex-ante and the ex-post tests using Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and The FamilyCohesion and Adaptability Evaluation Scales Ⅲ (FACES-Ⅲ). The study also carried out a qualitative analysison activities related to the self-esteem, the family adaptability and the family cohesion as well as a processof how behaviors change through each session. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. First,the family art therapy was observed to have a positive influence for it has improved the self-esteem offamily members from the grandparent-grandchildren family. Second, the family art therapy was understoodto have an effect for it has enhanced the family cohesion and adaptability of family members from thegrandparent-grandchildren family. Third, in terms of the patterns of the self-esteem, the family cohesion andthe adaptability throughout the sessions, the study confirmed positive changes in those patterns. In the lightof that, the study understands how efficient the family art therapy is at enhancing the self-esteem and thefamily function of family members from the grandparent-grandchildren families. 본 연구는 부모의 이혼과 가출로 부모 없이 조모와 함께 살고 있는 조손가정 가족원에게 가족미술치료를 적용하여, 조손가정 가족원의 자아존중감과 가족응집력 및 적응력 향상에 있어 가족미술치료의 효과성을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울시 Y구에 소재한 J 가족지원센터에 상담의뢰를 한 빈곤조손가정의 가족원이며, 2009년 9월부터 12월에 걸쳐 J 가족지원센터 내 상담실에서 주 1회(총 11회), 회기당 90분씩 총 11회기의 가족미술치료를 실시하였다. 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 면담을 통한 문제의 평가를 하였고, 자아존중감척도(Self-Esteem Scale: SES)와 가족적응력 및 응집력 척도(The Family Cohesion and Adaptability EvaluationScales Ⅲ: FACES-Ⅲ)를 사전 사후검사를 실시하였으며 회기별 자아존중감과 가족적응력 및 응집력 관련 활동및 행동변화과정 등을 질적 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족미술치료는 조손가정 가족원의 자아존중감을 향상시켜 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가족미술치료는 조손가정 가족원의가족응집력 및 적응력을 향상시켜 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 회기별 진행과정에 따른 자아존중감과가족응집력 및 적응력의 양상에서도 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 가족미술치료가 조손가정가족원의 자아존중감과 가족기능을 향상시키는데 효과적이었음을 알 수 있다.

조손가족 청소년의 가족관계와 적응유연성의 관계 -자아존중감, 공감, 내,외통제감의 매개효과를 중심으로-

송유미 ( Yoo Mee Song ),이선자 ( Sun Ja Lee ) 한국사회복지연구회 2011 사회복지연구 Vol.42 No.3

Adolescence is the important period of experiencing primary social relations through family relations. Adolescent of grandparent-grandchildren family who are provided social welfare service, however, causes many psychological and social problems on account of the negative family relationship, so it is needed resilience in order to recover from those circumstances through easing their negative family relations. This study set self esteem, empathy and internal·external locus control as parameters in order to know how negative family relations of grandparent-grandchildren family could influence the resilience of adolescent, then tried to reveal the entire and synthetic causal relationship in paths of them. For this, we analyzed 492 cases of grandparent-grandchildren family adolescent, which had negative family relations. In this process, we used Amos 19.0, analyzed interrelation and path, and examined significance of type and statistical significance in direct-indirect effect between paths. As the analysis result, we proposed that the development of social welfare program and use of it centered on self-esteem, empathy and internal-external control to the family relations of grandparent-grandchildren family adolescents was a practical approaching task of social welfare for them.