Heritability of Fruit Characters of Interspecific Hybrids between Pyrus pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis or P. bretschneider

Il Sheob Shin,Hae Sung Hwang,Whee Cheon Kim,Hyun Mo Cho,Daeil Kim,Seong Heo,Yong Uk Shin 한국원예학회 2006 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.47 No.6

Pear characters such as fruit ripening time, fruit weight, soluble solids, and flesh firmness were analyzed to obtain information on their inheritance using interspecific hybrid seedling populations of 17 crossing combinations between Pyrus pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis or P. bretschneider and their parental cultivars. The average values for the ripening time (calculated as days after full bloom), fruit weight, soluble solids, and flesh firmness in the parental cultivars were 193 days, 416 g, 14.5˚Bx, and 1.41 ㎏/5 ㎜ φ, respectively, and their coefficients of variation were 7.69, 20.22, 10.17, and 14.81%, respectively. The average values of individual crossing combination during 2000-2003 ranged from 159 to 185 days after full bloom, 291 to 447 g in fruit weight, 12.1 to 13.5˚Bx in soluble solids, and 1.06 to 1.89 ㎏/5 ㎜ in flesh firmness, and also the overall average values of the 17 cross combinations for these characters were 174 days after full bloom, 373 g in fruit weight, 12.7˚Bx in soluble solids, and 1.24 kg/5 mm in flesh firmness. The estimates of heritability for days after full bloom, fruit weight, soluble solids, and flesh firmness were in the range of 0.81-0.98, 0.11-0.85, 0.14-0.88, and 0.23-0.98, respectively. The average value of heritability was 0.94 in days after full bloom, 0.46 in fruit weight, 0.48 in soluble solids, and 0.70 in flesh firmness.

저장기간에 따른 사과 과육의 기계적 특성 및 초음파 파라미터

김기복,김만수,정현모,이상대 한국농업기계학회 2003 바이오시스템공학 Vol.28 No.3

The potential use of ultrasonic technique for firmness measurement of apples was evaluated. Mechanical properties (bioyield deformation, bioyield strength, rupture deformation, ultimate strength, and elastic modulus) and ultrasonic parameters (ultrasonic velocity, attenuation coefficient and the first peak frequency) of the apple flesh during the storage time were measured and analyzed. Ultrasonic parameters were determined from the measurement of ultrasonic wave transmission through the apple flesh specimen. Mechanical properties were obtained by universal testing machine. The bioyield strength, rupture strength, elastic modulus, ultrasonic velocity, and the first peak frequency of the apple flesh decreased with the storage time. The bioyield deformation, rupture deformation, and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient increased with the storage time. The correlation analysis between ultrasonic parameters and mechanical properties and the storage time was performed. the high correlations were found between the storage time and the ultrasonic parameters, and these relationships seem to be useful for determining the firmness of the apple flesh.

Outer Fruit Features Related with Fruit Quality in ‘Niitaka’ Pear Fruits

Yong-Hee Kwon,Hee-Seung Park,Hae-Woong Jung,Jung-Dae Jin,Jae-Young Lee 한국원예학회 2006 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.47 No.2

‘Niitaka’ pear fruits were collected from some chief producing districts from 2004 to 2005 to establish the distributing status of fruit weight and Brix degree. Fruit weight seemed to be susceptible to environmental conditions as well as cultural practices, because it showed various results in distributing status according to harvesting season. On the other hand, flesh firmness seemed to be less affected by outer conditions, because it showed higher frequency in 11.0 to 13.0 degree regardless of harvesting season. Additionally, certain trials were conducted to evaluate Brix degree and flesh firmness through observing outer fruit features. Fruit size, weight, length, diameter, and volume had positive correlation with Brix degree. Stalk cavity shape (SCS) improved their reliance and had its own relationship with Brix degree. Analyzing fruit skin color with Hunter value or Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) value, ‘a’ in Hunter value and ‘R’ in RGB value performed higher reliance with Brix degree (r = 0.412<SUP>**</SUP> and 0.426<SUP>**</SUP>). Considering those factors with SCS made their reliance higher (r = 0.531<SUP>**</SUP> and 0.564<SUP>**</SUP>). However, those factors like outer fruit features and fruit skin color by Hunter or RGB value failed to show the reliable relationship with flesh firmness. Introducing SCS also failed to improve their significance.

Differences in Ethylene and Fruit Quality Attributes during Storage in New Apple Cultivars

Yoo, Jingi,Lee, Jinwook,Kwon, Soon-Il,Chung, Kyeong Ho,Lee, Dong Hoon,Choi, In Myung,Mattheis, James P.,Kang, In-Kyu Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.2

Physiological characteristics of five new apple cultivars from the Korean apple breeding program were evaluated as a function of harvest time and storage after harvest. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were measured in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', 'Green Ball', 'Picnic', and 'Hwangok' apples at harvest, during shelf life at $20^{\circ}C$, and one day after cold storage at $0.5^{\circ}C$ in air. IEC increased during shelf life in 'Summer Dream', 'Summer King', and 'Green Ball' but not in 'Picnic' or 'Hwangok', regardless of harvest time. Flesh firmness decreased towards harvest time and decreased gradually with time in cold storage only in the former three cultivars. In turn, IEC increased during cold storage in the first three cultivars but not for the last two cultivars, irrespective of harvest time. Changes in SSC and TA did not consistently relate to harvest time or storage period but TA tended to decrease as IEC increased. Furthermore, IEC was negatively correlated with flesh firmness except in the 'Green Ball' cultivar but the significance level was much greater in 'Summer Dream' and 'Summer King' (p < 0.0001) than in 'Picnic' (p < 0.01) or 'Hwangok' (p < 0.05) cultivars. Flesh firmness was positively correlated with TA in the first three cultivars but not in the last two cultivars. Overall, the results indicate that cultivars for which IEC increased after harvest had reduced flesh firmness and TA after storage.

Differences in Ethylene and Fruit Quality Attributes during Storage in New Apple Cultivars

Jingi Yoo,Jinwook Lee,Soon-Il Kwon,Kyeong Ho Chung,Dong Hoon Lee,In Myung Choi,James P. Mattheis,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.2

Physiological characteristics of five new apple cultivars from the Korean apple breeding program were evaluated as a function of harvest time and storage after harvest. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) were measured in ‘Summer Dream’, ‘Summer King’, ‘Green Ball’, ‘Picnic’, and ‘Hwangok’ apples at harvest, during shelf life at 20℃, and one day after cold storage at 0.5℃ in air. IEC increased during shelf life in ‘Summer Dream’, ‘Summer King’, and ‘Green Ball’ but not in ‘Picnic’ or ‘Hwangok’, regardless of harvest time. Flesh firmness decreased towards harvest time and decreased gradually with time in cold storage only in the former three cultivars. In turn, IEC increased during cold storage in the first three cultivars but not for the last two cultivars, irrespective of harvest time. Changes in SSC and TA did not consistently relate to harvest time or storage period but TA tended to decrease as IEC increased. Furthermore, IEC was negatively correlated with flesh firmness except in the ‘Green Ball’ cultivar but the significance level was much greater in ‘Summer Dream’ and ‘Summer King’ (p < 0.0001) than in ‘Picnic’ (p < 0.01) or ‘Hwangok’ (p < 0.05) cultivars. Flesh firmness was positively correlated with TA in the first three cultivars but not in the last two cultivars. Overall, the results indicate that cultivars for which IEC increased after harvest had reduced flesh firmness and TA after storage.

Estimating Fruit Characteristics through Image Analysis in ‘Fuji’ Apple Fruits

Hye-Young Sang,Jae-Young Lee,Hae-Woong Jung,In-Myung Choi,Hee-Seung Park 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.2

All observed outer features in ‘Fuji’ apple fruits failed to show certain relationships with Brix degree and their pigment contents also did not exhibit a reliable correlation with it except chlorophyll b content. The distribution of red and green color showed higher significance with Brix degree (r = 0.52 and ?0.44). On the other side, fruit outer features negatively correlated with flesh firmness (r = ?0.70 in fruit weight, ?0.61 in fruit length, and ?0.79 in fruit diameter) and titratable acidity (r = ?0.56 in fruit weight, ?0.46 in fruit length, and ?0.56 in fruit diameter). Flesh firmness and titratable acidity showed negative correlation with anthocyanin content, but had positive correlation with chlorophyll content. However, there was negative correlation of color distribution on fruit skin to flesh firmness and titratable acidity. An index was devised at the basic concept of fruit cross-sectional shape (CS) to improve the evaluation of Brix degree, flesh firmness, and titratable acidity through observing outer fruit appearance. In presuming fruit characteristics by fruit outer features, the introducing CS index generally increased the reliance in estimating Brix degree, but decreased the significance in measuring flesh firmness and titratable acidity.

착색단고추 품종별 주간온도가 열과 발생에 미치는 영향

최영하(Young Hah Choi),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),이재한(Jae Han Lee),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),조명환(Myeong Whan Cho),손병구(Beung Gu Son) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2004 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.13 No.3

착색단고추 비닐하우스 토경재배시 품종별 온도조건에 따른 열과발생원인을 구명코자 하였다. 열과 발생률은 품종간에는 Fiesta가 Jubilee보다 높았고 온도처리 간에는 34℃ 고온구에서 높았다. 그리고 환경조건이 좋아지는 4월 이후에 급격히 증가하였다. 과육특성 조사 결과 Fiesta 품종과 고온처리구에서 과육경도와 건물률이 낮았으나 과육두께는 경향이 일정치 않았다. 과육의 무기성분 함량은 품종간, 온도처리간에 차이가 없었다. 수확시 뿌리상태는 Fiesta품종이 Jubilee보다 좋았고, 온도처리간에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 과육의 경도, 건물률, 치밀도 및 뿌리상태 등이 열과발생에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 과육두께나 과육의 무기성분 함량 등은 열과발생과 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of daytime temperature on fruit cracking in the paprika cv. Fiesta and cv. Jubilee under soil culture experiment of vinyl house for two years from 2003 to 2004. The rate of cracked fruit was higher in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and was the highest at the high daytime temperature of 34 ± 1℃. and then rapidly increased after April becomes better weather conditions. The flesh hardness and the rate of flesh dry weight were lower in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and were the lowest at the high daytime temperature of 34 ± 1℃. but the thickness of flesh was thicker in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and was the thinnest at the high daytime temperature of 34 ± 1℃. Inorganic matter contents of flesh was observed no difference to the cultivars and also the temperature treatments. Root condition in harvesting time was better in cv. Fiesta than cv. Jubilee and was not difference in temperature treatments. Therefore, the rate of cracked fruit showed up a positive correlation to the flesh hardness, flesh dry weight, flesh firmness and root condition, and has not correlation to the flesh thickness and inorganic matter contents. In conclusion, differences in cultivar sensitivity and the highest rate of cracked fruit in daytime temperature of 34 ± 1℃ may be partly due to difference in flesh characteristic and root condition but additional factors may be involved.

Effect of Different CO₂ Deastringency Application Timing on Fruit Quality Attributes and Physiological Disorders in Cold-Stored ‘Sangjudungsi’ Persimmon Fruit

Nay Myo Win,Jingi Yoo,Jinwook Lee,Hee-Young Jung,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2019 원예과학기술지 Vol.37 No.3

The effects of different application timing of CO₂ deastringency treatment on fruit quality attributes and physiological disorders of ‘Sangjudungsi’ persimmon fruit during cold storage were evaluated. Treatment with an application of 95% CO₂ at harvest ensured the complete removal of astringency after one or two months of cold storage. The deastringency treatment greatly reduced flesh firmness, and early CO₂ application caused the lowest flesh firmness at the end of cold storage. The soluble solids content (SSC) was also decreased after CO₂ application, while fruit treated later with CO₂ had lowest SSC, compared with the other CO₂ application timings. Weight loss and respiration rate both increased in deastringency-treated fruit. Peel color variables, as measured using the CIELab color space, were also affected by the treatment. The changes in peel color variables were more detectable in the calyx-end regions than in the equatorial regions. Fruit treated with CO₂ one-month after harvest were observably different in peel color variables. Flesh browning was also detected in fruit treated one-month after harvest. The decrease in astringency following CO₂ treatment led to increased incidence of flesh browning and fruit softening at the end of the cold storage period. Peel blackening was also detected in early deastringency-treated fruit at the end of cold storage. This study suggested that earlier CO₂ application may decrease flesh firmness and increase the incidence and severity of physiological disorders in ‘Sangjudungsi’ persimmon fruit during cold storage.

Aminoethoxyvinylglycine 및 열처리가 ‘후지’ 사과의 CA 저장 동안 과실품질에 미치는 영향

권헌중(Hun-Joong Kweon),김목종(Mok-Jong Kim),이진욱(Jinwook Lee),윤태명(Tae-Myung Yoon),강인규(In-Kyu Kang) 한국원예학회 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.5

‘후지’(/M.9, 8년생) 나무를 대상으로 ‘후지’ 사과의 수확전 AVG처리와 수확 후 열처리에 따른 과실의 저장성 향상에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. ‘후지’ 사과에 AVG 75mg・L<SUP>-1</SUP>을 만개 후 150일과 175일에 처리한 후 과실을 만개 후 185일부터 10일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 수확하여 저장하였을 때, 호흡량과 에틸렌 발생량은 AVG처리 과실이 무처리 과실에 비해 현저히 낮았다. 그리고 산 함량과 경도는 더 높게 나타났다. 내부 갈변은 무처리과실에서는 모두 발생하였지만, AVG 처리 과실은 마지막 수확 일을 제외하고는 발생하지 않았다. ‘후지’ 사과를 38℃에서 3일, 46℃에서 6시간 동안 열처리 후 CA 저장하였을때 호흡량과 에틸렌 발생량은 무처리 과실에 비해 현저히 억제되었다. 내부 갈변 발생률은 46℃ 열처리(5%)와 38℃ 열처리(14%)가 무처리(38%)에 비해 적었다. 그러나 산 함량은 열처리한 과실이 무처리 과실에 비해 낮았다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) application and heat treatment on fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apples during CA storage. AVG (75 mgㆍL<SUP>-1</SUP>) was applied to "Fuji" tree at 150 and 175 days after full bloom (DAFB) and the fruit were harvested at 185, 195, and 205 DAFB, respectively. Respiration rate and ethylene production of fruit applied with AVG were greatly reduced more than those in control. Flesh firmness and acidity of fruit applied with AVG were higher than those in control. Flesh browning occurred in all of the control fruit regardless of harvest date. However, AVG-treated fruits were free of flesh browning except for late harvested fruits. At 185 DAFB, ‘Fuji’ apples were harvested and prestorage heat treatment was done for 3 days at 38℃ and 6 hours at 46℃. Heat treatment at 38℃ and 46℃ prior to CA storage greatly reduced respiration rate and ethylene production. The incidence of flesh browning were 35%, 14%, and 5%, in control fruit, heating at 38℃ and 46℃, respectively. The titratable acidity was lower at heated apple than at controlled one.

Effect of Salicylic Acid and 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatments on Fruit Quality and Cell Wall Hydrolases of ‘Hwangok’ Apples During Cold and Shelf-life Storage

Jingi Yoo,권혜원,권중근,NAY MYO WIN,In-Kyu Kang 한국원예학회 2022 원예과학기술지 Vol.40 No.5

We evaluated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments on fruit quality and the softening-related cell wall materials and hydrolase activities of ‘Hwangok’ apples during cold storage and cold storage plus seven days under shelf-life storage conditions. -1 Fruits were dipped in a SA solution (3 mM), fumigated with 1-MCP (1 µL·L ), or subjected to a combined SA+1-MCP treatment, followed by cold storage (0°C) and seven-day shelf-life storage (20°C) for up to 180 and 180 + 7 days. Under both storage conditions, fruits treated with 1-MCP and SA+1-MCP exhibited higher firmness and titratable acidity levels as well as lower internal ethylene concentrations, respiration rates, and weight loss values than the controls and SA-treated apples. The peel color indicators a* and b* were also lower in 1-MCP- and SA+1-MCP-treated apples than in controls and SA-treated apples. Total sugar and uronic acid levels were increasingly solubilized, and the activities of cell wall hydrolases, except for that of β-xylosidase, were higher in controls and SA-treated fruits than in 1-MCP and SA+1-MCP-treated apples. Therefore, our results suggest that the 1-MCP treatment is effective for maintaining fruit quality and extending the shelf life of ‘Hwangok’ apples during cold storage and under shelf-life storage conditions. The SA treatment alone did not extend the storage life of ‘Hwangok’ apples. Additional key words: Flesh firmness, internal ethylene concentration, softening, total sugar content, uronic acid content