총 인 분석을 위한 자동 전처리 시스템

정형근,조영일,김범식,박주형 한국환경과학회 2001 한국환경과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

An on-line digestion system based on the flow injection analysis technique was presented for the determination of total phosphorus. The system converts condensed and organic phosphoruses into orthophosphate that can be analyzed spectrophotometically. The reaction between orthophosphate and ammonium molybdate in a strong acid medium forms the yellow complex of phosphomolybdate which is next reduced to a molybdic blue complex by stannous chloride. The quantitation of orthophosphate is based on the absorbance of the molybdic blue. To determine total phosphorus, the digestion system was installed between the sample injector and the reaction coil with the added lines of digestion solution(potassium persulfate+sulfuric acid) and the H_2O carrier. The system has shown that the digestion efficiencies were greater than 95% for the typical condensed and organic phosphoruses. When tripolyphosphate standards were used, the calibration data showed that the linear dynamic range extended to a concentration of 1.5ppm with the detection limit of 25 ppb total phosphorus. The typical relative standard deviation was less than 2%. The proposed system was successfully applied to lake water, wastewater, and streamwater. The analytical variables such as digestion efficiency, analysis time, and reproducibility were evaluated and compared with the manual digestion method.

총 인 분석을 위한 자동 전처리 시스템 개발과 응용

정형근,조영일,신용승,김범식 연세대학교 보건과학연구소 2000 보건과학논집 Vol.10 No.-

Characteristics of Pollutant Loading in Namdae-cheon Watershed

( Choi Jin-kyu ),( Son Jae-gwon ) 한국농공학회 2003 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.45 No.7

Nonpoint source pollutant loading from watershed may cause a problem to the water quality of the reservoir and stream. The characteristics of stream flow and water quality were monitored to investigate the runoff loading of the Namdae-cheon watershed from May in 1999 to October in 2003. Stage-discharge rating curve at the stream gauging site was established, and annual stream runoff of the study watershed was estimated as 499.4∼1,330.8mm during four years. The concentrations of total-nitrogen and total-phosphorus of stream water quality ranged from 0.76 to 6.95mg/L and from 0.0010 to 0.2276 mg/L, respectively, where T-N was generally higher than the water quality standard 1.0 mg/L for agricultural water use. The loads by unit generation of pollutant mass with respect to population, livestock, land use in this watershed were calculated. The runoff pollutant loadings by concentrations of total-N and total-P were estimated during study period, where the annual runoff loading of total-P was much less than the load by pollutant mass unit generation. The relations between stream discharge and water quality were analysed, and there was a high correlation for total-N but low for total-P. These results will be used to develop the monitoring techniques and water quality management system of agricultural watershed.

부영양화 사전 예방을 위한 휴대용 총인 모니터링 시스템 개발

정동건 ( Dong Geon Jung ),김승덕 ( Seung Deok Kim ),권순열 ( Soon Yeol Kwon ),이재용 ( Jae Yong Lee ),김유성 ( Yu Seong Kim ),이준엽 ( Junyeop Lee ),김재건 ( Jaekeon Kim ),김세완 ( Sae-wan Kim ),공성호 ( Seong Ho Kong ),정대웅 ( D 한국센서학회 2020 센서학회지 Vol.29 No.5

In this study, a portable total-phosphorus (TP) monitoring system utilizing a photocatalytic-reaction-based pretreatment method is proposed, fabricated, and characterized. Commercial TP monitoring systems are only used in laboratories because of their complex monitoring procedure, bulk-size, and high-cost. In particular, pretreatment in commercial TP monitoring systems is performed at high temperatures (> 120 ℃) and pressure (> 1.1 kg cm^-2) making it difficult to minimize the scale of the systems. The proposed TP monitoring system employs a pretreatment method with a photocatalytic reaction; thus, its size can be reduced, as photocatalytic reactions occur at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Analytes with various TP concentrations are pretreated using the proposed portable TP monitoring system and are quantitatively measured with an LED and a photodiode.

Lab-on-a-chip based total-phosphorus analysis device utilizing a photocatalytic reaction

Jung, Dong Geon,Jung, Daewoong,Kong, Seong Ho Elsevier 2018 Solid-State Electronics Vol.140 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for total phosphorus (TP) analysis was fabricated for water quality monitoring. Many commercially available TP analysis systems used to estimate water quality have good sensitivity and accuracy. However, these systems also have many disadvantages such as bulky size, complex pretreatment processes, and high cost, which limit their application. In particular, conventional TP analysis systems require an indispensable pretreatment step, in which the fluidic analyte is heated to 120 °C for 30 min to release the dissolved phosphate, because many phosphates are soluble in water at a standard temperature and pressure. In addition, this pretreatment process requires elevated pressures of up to 1.1 kg cm<SUP>−2</SUP> in order to prevent the evaporation of the heated analyte. Because of these limiting conditions required by the pretreatment processes used in conventional systems, it is difficult to miniaturize TP analysis systems.</P> <P>In this study, we employed a photocatalytic reaction in the pretreatment process. The reaction was carried out by illuminating a photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) surface formed in a microfluidic channel with ultraviolet (UV) light. This pretreatment process does not require elevated temperatures and pressures. By applying this simplified, photocatalytic-reaction-based pretreatment process to a TP analysis system, greater degrees of freedom are conferred to the design and fabrication of LOC devices for TP monitoring. The fabricated LOC device presented in this paper was characterized by measuring the TP concentration of an unknown sample, and comparing the results with those measured by a conventional TP analysis system. The TP concentrations of the unknown sample measured by the proposed LOC device and the conventional TP analysis system were 0.018 mgP/25 mL and 0.019 mgP/25 mL, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the proposed LOC device had a performance comparable to the conventional bulky TP analysis system. Therefore, our device could be directly employed in water quality monitoring as an alternative to conventional TP analysis systems.</P>

총인처리시설 유입수 및 처리수 nBOD 발생 정도 파악

정승철,이병희 한국도시환경학회 2021 한국도시환경학회지 Vol.21 No.2

In oder to satisfy the total phosphorus limit of final effluent from wastewater treatment facility, total phosphorus removal unit process is installed to remove phosphorus in secondary effluent at the end of main treatment train. The nitrification is occurred at the oxic tank in biological nutrient removal process which placed before total phosphorus removal unit process. When nitrification is not fully occurred, ammonia nitrogen is leaked and BOD limit might not be met due to nBOD (Nitrogen BOD). It is noted that occurrence of nBOD is not observed at effluent from total phosphorus removal unit process. In this study, nBOD is measured after injecting small volume of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen solution at BOD bottles which have influent and effluent of total phosphorus removal unit processes. After 5-day incubation, ammonia nitrogen concentration reduction and nBOD are measured. Generally total phosphorus removal unit process is consisted of chemical precipitation and solid-liquid separation. When biological nutrient removal process which locates before total phosphorus removal unit process is operated under normal condition, only influent of total phosphorus removal unit process has nBOD as 3.73 mg nBOD/mg NH3-N. However, effluent from total phosphorus removal unit process does not have nBOD under this conditions. When rain fall causes high inflow to treatment facility, the nitrification microorganisms can be included in effluent from total phosphorus removal unit process and it is believed that these microorganisms can trigger nBOD. In order to discourage nBOD occurrence at effluent from total phosphorus removal unit process, the measure to prevent nitrification microorganisms influx to this unit process must be adopted. 하수처리장의 방류수 배출기준 총인 농도를 만족하기 위해 하수처리시설 최종 처리시설로 총인처리시설을 설치해서 물속에 포함되어 있는 인을 제거하고 있다. 총인처리시설 전단 생물학적 고도처리시설 호기조는 질산화를 수행하는데, 이 질산화가 불완전한 경우에는 암모니아성 질소가 고도처리시설로부터 배출되고 이는 nBOD를 유발해서 심한 경우 방류수 BOD 배출기준을 만족하지 못할 수 있다. 암모니아가 유출되는 생물학적 고도처리시설 후단에 약품 응결 및 고액분리 공정으로 구성된 총인처리시설이설치되면 nBOD발생 억제현상이 발생되는데, 본 연구는 총인처리시설 유입수 및 처리수에 암모니아성 질소를 주입시켜 BOD를측정하고 이와 더불어 5일 동안 암모니아성 질소 농도 감소를 파악해 BOD 배양기간 동안의 질산화에 의한 산소소모량을 파악하였다. 생물학적 고도처리시설이 정상적으로 운전되는 경우 총인처리시설 처리수는 nBOD 발생이 없었으며 유입수는 3.73 mg nBOD/mg NH3-N의 비로 nBOD가 발생되는 것으로 파악되었다. 그리고 강우로 유입하수량이 증가하는 경우 총인처리시설 처리수에서도 nBOD발생이 관찰되었는데, 이는 총인처리시설 처리수에 질산화 미생물이 포함되어 있어 발생한 것으로 판단되는데, nBOD 발생 방지를 위해 우천 시 총인처리시설로 질산화 미생물이 유입되지 않도록 조치하는 것이 필요하다.

Application of CE-QUAL-W2 [v3.2] to Andong Reservoir:Part II: Simulations of Chlorophyll a and Total Phosphorus Dynamics

Bhattarai Prasid Ram,김윤희,김범철,허우명 한국하천호수학회 2008 생태와 환경 Vol.41 No.4

The calibrated Andong Reservoir hydro-dynamic module (PART I) of the 2-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 [v3.2], was applied to examine the dynamics of total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a concentration within Andong Reservoir. The modeling effort was supported with the data collected in the field for a five year period. In general, the model achieved a good accuracy throughout the calibration period for both chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentration. The greatest deviation in algal concentration occurred on 10th October, starting at the layer just beneath the surface layer and extending up to the depth of 35 m. This deviation is principally attributed to the effect of temperature on the algal growth rate. Also, on the same date, the model over-predicts hypolimnion and epilimnion total phosphorus concentration but under-predicts the high concentrated plume in the metalimnion. The large amount of upwelling of finer suspended solid particles, and re-suspension of the sediments laden with phosphorus, are thought to have caused high concentration in the epilimnion and hypolimnion, respectively. Nevertheless, the model well reproduced the seasonal dynamics of both chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentration. Also, the model tracked the interflow of high phosphorus concentration plume brought by the turbid discharge during the Asian summer monsoon season. Two different hypothetical discharge scenarios (discharge from epilimnetic, and hypolimnetic layers) were analyzed to understand the response of total phosphorus interflow plume on the basis of differential discharge gate location. The simulated results showed that the hypolimnetic discharge gate operation (103~113 m) was the most effective reservoir structural control method in quickly discharging the total phosphorus plume (decrease of in-reservoir concentration by 219% than present level).

Application of CE-QUAL-W2 [v3.2] to Andong Reservoir: Part II: Simulations of Chlorophyll a and Total Phosphorus Dynamics

Ram, Bhattarai Prasid,Kim, Yoon-Hee,Kim, Bom-Chul,Heo, Woo-Myung The Korean Society of Limnology 2008 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.1

The calibrated Andong Reservoir hydro-dynamic module (PART I) of the 2-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 [v3.2], was applied to examine the dynamics of total phosphorus, and chlorophyll $\alpha$ concentration within Andong Reservoir. The modeling effort was supported with the data collected in the field for a five year period. In general, the model achieved a good accuracy throughout the calibration period for both chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ and total phosphorus concentration. The greatest deviation in algal concentration occurred on $10^{th}$ October, starting at the layer just beneath the surface layer and extending up to the depth of 35 m. This deviation is principally attributed to the effect of temperature on the algal growth rate. Also, on the same date, the model over-predicts hypolimnion and epilimnion total phosphorus concentration but under-predicts the high concentrated plume in the metalimnion. The large amount of upwelling of finer suspended solid particles, and re-suspension of the sediments laden with phosphorus, are thought to have caused high concentration in the epilimnion and hypolimnion, respectively. Nevertheless, the model well reproduced the seasonal dynamics of both chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentration. Also, the model tracked the interflow of high phosphorus concentration plume brought by the turbid discharge during the Asian summer monsoon season. Two different hypothetical discharge scenarios (discharge from epilimnetic, and hypolimnetic layers) were analyzed to understand the response of total phosphorus interflow plume on the basis of differential discharge gate location. The simulated results showed that the hypolimnetic discharge gate operation ($103{\sim}113\;m$) was the most effective reservoir structural control method in quickly discharging the total phosphorus plume (decrease of in-reservoir concentration by 219% than present level).

금강수계에서 총인관리의 확대 필요성

박재홍 ( Jae Hong Park ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ),오승영 ( Seung Young Oh ),류덕희 ( Doug Hee Rhew ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Total phosphorus was set as a target indicator to prevent eutrophication and algae growth, etc., in three major rivers (Nakdong River, Geum River and Yeongsang/Seomjin River) for the second phase (2011 ∼ 2015) in total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) system. However, total phosphorus management was restrictively introduced, i.e., upstream of the Lake Daechung, in the Geum River watershed. Total phosphorus concentration and trophic levels in downstream of the Lake Daechung (include Mangyeong and Dongjin rivers) were increased more than upstream. Therefore, it is necessary to expand total phosphorus management in all watersheds of the Geum River. If total phosphorus was managed in all area of the Geum River watershed, it is possible to decrease total phosphorus concentration and trophic levels, and solve the unbalanced water quality between up and downstream of the Lake Daechung.

하수처리장별 총인 시설계 슬러지의 인 흡착능 비교

서정인 ( Jung In Suh ),권대원 ( Dae Won Kwon ) 한국수처리학회 2016 한국수처리학회지 Vol.24 No.4

In this study, investigation was conducted to explore the phosphorus adsorption capacity of sludge(PS-sludge) generated during the total phosphorus(T-P) removal process of municipal wastewater treatment plants in order to evaluate their application potential as phosphorus adsorbent. The major metal contents of PS-sludges are Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn and Cu. In addition, the sludges contained significant amount of T-P. The maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity is 8.38 mg-P/g. The experimental results indicate that PS-sludges show a strong phosphorus adsorption capacity and it could be utilized as a new type of adsorbent for phosphorus removal.