기술가치평가 과제관리의 갈등관리에 관한 사례연구

이윤희(Yun Hee LEE),손영환(Young Hwan Sohn),유명관(Myoung Kwan Yoo) 한국기술혁신학회 2018 기술혁신학회지 Vol.21 No.1

기술가치평가(Technology Valuation)는 특정 기술이나 기술을 기반으로 사업화 하는 데 있어 해당 기술과 사업화 가치를 평가하는 행위, 절차 및 기법 등을 일컫는다. 기술의 가치와 기술을 기반으로 하는 사업화에 대한 가치를 평가하는 데 있어서는 기술가치의 기술거래, 투자 및 융자, 현물출자, 전략수립, 등의 다양한 평가목적에 따라 평가 기한과 프로세스 계획이 수립된다. 기술가치평가의 전체 프로세스는 특정 기술에 대한 기술성, 권리성, 시장성, 사업성 분석 및 평가와 이의 결과를 근거로 한 기술가치의 화폐적 가치산출 모듈로 구성되며, 각 모듈의 분석과 평가 수행에 있어서는 특정 기술에 대한 지식보유자인 전문가들로 이루어진 평가팀을 구성하여 평가가 수행된다. 특정 개별 기술에 대한 평가수행은 하나의 독립된 과제(project)로서 다뤄지며 각 모듈들을 통합하여 관리하는 과제관리자(project manager, PM)에 의해서 관리된다. 기술가치평가의 PM은 평가의 객관성과 신뢰성 확보를 위해서 과제 수행지원과 관리에 있어서의 체계적인 수행에 대한 전문성 확보가 필요하다. 또한 기술가치평가 수행의 특성 상 평가팀은 각각의 모듈별로 상이한 지식을 보유한 전문가들로 이루어진 이해관계자들로 구성되어 있는데 이들 간에 기술과 기술가치평가 전체 절차에 대한 지식공유가 원활하게 진행되기 위해서는 이들의 평가 수행을 지원하고 관리하는 PM의 의사소통 능력과 역할이 중요하다. PM의 역할 중 무엇보다도 서로 상이한 지식으로 과제에 참여하게 되는 평가자들 간, 평가자들과 피평가자들, 기술보유자와 기술이전대상자들 간에 빈번하게 발생되는 갈등에 따른 문제해결 방안을 확보하고 있어야 한다. 본 연구는 기술가치평가 PM들의 기술가치평가 수행 지원에 있어서 다양한 이해관계자들 간에 빈번하게 발생되는 4개의 갈등과 해결사례에 관해서 실제 수행되었던 기술가치평가 사례를 중심으로 살펴보고, PM들의 갈등 해결방안을 모색하고자 한다. 향후, 본 연구를 통해 논의된 갈등사례와 해결방안을 근거로 기술가치평가 과제관리에 있어서 보다 전문적인 PM의 역할과 체계화된 기술가치평가 수행지원 및 관리방안이 마련되는 실증적 근거가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Technology valuation refers to the act, procedures, or techniques in evaluating certain technology and its value for commercialization. For this purpose, deadlines and process plans are established based on valuation goals such as technology transfer, investment and financing, investment in kind, and strategy establishment. The technology valuation process involves analyzing and evaluating technology performance, rights, marketability, and business value technology, as well as calculating the monetary value of technology modules based on the results. Analysis and evaluation of each module is performed by a team of experts having knowledge of specific technology. Valuation of technologies is conducted as independent projects by project managers (PM) who integrate and manage modules; they must have expertise in systematic performance of task support and management to ensure objectivity and reliability. Furthermore, the valuation team comprises expert stakeholders having knowledge about each module due to the nature of technology valuation. For smooth knowledge sharing in technology and valuation procedures, communication skills and roles of PMs supporting and managing the valuation are important. Primarily, PMs must resolve conflicts between evaluators participating in different tasks, evaluators and evaluatees, and technology holders and receivers. This study examines technology valuation for four conflicts occurring frequently among stakeholders providing valuation support to PMs, and seeks resolutions. The conflicts and resolutions discussed in this study may lead to more specialized roles of PMs in technology valuation and project management, as well as systemized valuation support and management plans.

특허기술 평가요인에 관한 연구

박선영 ( Sun Young Park ) 한국지식재산연구원 2007 지식재산연구 Vol.2 No.1

Patent technology is very important intellectual property for technological innovation oriented growth strategy and the driving force for sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, private sectors as well as public sectors need to technological intellectual property management system. However, the valuation of patent technology intrinsically harbors theoretical and practical difficulties such as the lack of understanding about the source of technological value, theoretical fragility about the materialization of value, and methodological shortcomings about practical technology valuation. These inherent limitations hamper the effective management of technological intangible assets such as technology commercialization and technology transfer. This study attempts to suggest evaluation factors and scheme for valuation of patent technology by overcoming theoretical and practical difficulties of technological intangible asset assessment, dissolving informational discrepancies between the models from existing literature and the practical tools. Through literature surveys on intellectual property right and intrinsic characteristic of technological intangible assets as well as technology, the concepts of technology value and the sources and factors of technology, intrinsic sources and factors of patent technology are discovered. Deterministic and contingent factors for the deduction of practical value are also discussed. This underlies the whole assessment structure of its purpose. By analyzing the theoretical techniques from grading/scoring to accounting/monetary methods, the merits and demerits are discussed at both a theoretical and a practical level. Through case analyses of domestic and foreign models and reports about technology valuation, assessment criteria, concepts, factors and structures are reviewed. Categorized evaluation factors and scheme are proposed.

수자원 분야 공익형 기술가치평가 시스템에 대한 연구

류승미(Seung-Mi Ryu),성태응(Tae-Eung Sung) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2018 지능정보연구 Vol.24 No.3

Recently, as economic property it has become necessary to acquire and utilize the framework for water resource measurement and performance management as the property of water resources changes to hold “public property”. To date, the evaluation of water technology has been carried out by feasibility study analysis or technology assessment based on net present value (NPV) or benefit-to-cost (B/C) effect, however it is not yet systemized in terms of valuation models to objectively assess an economic value of technology-based business to receive diffusion and feedback of research outcomes. Therefore, K-water (known as a government-supported public company in Korea) company feels the necessity to establish a technology valuation framework suitable for technical characteristics of water resources fields in charge and verify an exemplified case applied to the technology. The K-water evaluation technology applied to this study, as a public interest goods, can be used as a tool to measure the value and achievement contributed to society and to manage them. Therefore, by calculating the value in which the subject technology contributed to the entire society as a public resource, we make use of it as a basis information for the advertising medium of performance on the influence effect of the benefits or the necessity of cost input, and then secure the legitimacy for large-scale R&D cost input in terms of the characteristics of public technology. Hence, K-water company, one of the public corporation in Korea which deals with public goods of ‘water resources’, will be able to establish a commercialization strategy for business operation and prepare for a basis for the performance calculation of input R&D cost. In this study, K-water has developed a web-based technology valuation model for public interest type water resources based on the technology evaluation system that is suitable for the characteristics of a technology in water resources fields. In particular, by utilizing the evaluation methodology of the Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan to match the expense items to the expense accounts based on the related benefit items, we proposed the so-called ‘K-water`s proprietary model’ which involves the ‘cost-benefit’ approach and the FCF (Free Cash Flow), and ultimately led to build a pipeline on the K-water research performance management system and then verify the practical case of a technology related to desalination. We analyze the embedded design logic and evaluation process of web-based valuation system that reflects characteristics of water resources technology, reference information and database(D/B)-associated logic for each model to calculate public interest-based and profit-based technology values in technology integrated management system . We review the hybrid evaluation module that reflects the quantitative index of the qualitative evaluation indices reflecting the unique characteristics of water resources and the visualized user-interface (UI) of the actual web-based evaluation, which both are appended for calculating the business value based on financial data to the existing web-based technology valuation systems in other fields. K-water`s technology valuation model is evaluated by distinguishing between public-interest type and profitable-type water technology. First, evaluation modules in profit-type technology valuation model are designed based on ‘profitability of technology’. For example, the technology inventory K-water holds has a number of profit-oriented technologies such as water treatment membranes. On the other hand, the public interest-type technology valuation is designed to evaluate the public-interest oriented technology such as the dam, which reflects the characteristics of public benefits and costs. In order to examine the appropriateness of the cost-benefit based public utility valuation model (i.e. K-water specific technology valua

Determinants and Influential Factors in Technology Valuation in Korea

Park, Hyun-Woo,Shin, Woo-Taek The Korea Contents Association 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.3

This study empirically analyzes the characteristics of the various attributes of technology that influence the economic values of technologies, based on the cases of technology valuation carried out in Korea. To do so, we collect the cases of technology valuation carried out by major technology valuation institutions in Korea and extract from these data the information about various characteristics of the subject technologies of valuation and the primary factors applied to the technology valuation. Based on such extracted information, we examine the overall trends of technology valuation in Korea and analyze how the main factors of technology valuation vary with the attributes of technology.

An Analysis of Public Sector Practical Guidelines for Valuation of Technology in Korea

Ko, Chang-Ryong Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2019 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.8 No.3

The Practical Guide of Technology Valuation (the guide) by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Energy is dominant in technology valuation in the public sector in Korea. The guide was released in 2011 and revised every three years. However, there are several guidelines or manuals for technology valuation issued by other agencies under different ministries. This paper compares the several guidelines for technology valuation and figures out the similarity and differences, from the view of the US and international standards of valuation. The first aspect found is that the guide is evolving toward the basic principles of valuation. Second, all the guidelines should comply with the guide but have sector-specific characteristics in methods, variables and data. Third, although the guide recommends only two valuation methods, some guidelines introduce various other methods. Fourth, the methods are still too complex and having unnecessary ingredients. Finally, this paper suggests further development of the guide and other guidelines.

사례기반추론을 이용한 신기술 가치평가 시스템개발에 관한 연구

박기남(Ki-Nam Park) 한국전자거래학회 2004 한국전자거래학회지 Vol.9 No.4

신기술의 사업성 평가모형은 향후 한국기업의 극가경쟁력을 위해서 꼭 필요하며 신기술기반의 중ㆍ소 기업을 시장 메커니즘을 이용하여 효율적으로 지원하기 위하여 꼭 수행되어야 할 연구이다. 본 연구는 신기술 상업화의 위험과 가격변동의 위험을 고려하면서 중ㆍ장기적 수요와 시장점유율을 시장분석과 사례기반추론을 통하여 예측하는 신기술의 사업가치평가 방법론을 개발하여 시장지향적인 자산가치를 계산하고 재무분석 분야에서 최근 활발히 적용되고 있는 실물성장옵션 모형을 활용하여 시장지향적 자산가치를 실물옵션의 현재가치로 환산하여 화폐액수로 표현하는 신기술 가격결정 시스템을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 신기술가치평가 시스템은 신기술의 마케팅 관점, 재무 관점, 시스템 관점을 모두 반영하고 있으며 산업유형, 경쟁자 수, 학습곡선 등 환경적인 조정을 거침으로서 보다 객관적이고 과학적이며 예측정확도가 높은 신기술의 화폐적 가치산출을 가능하게 할 것이다. It is needed to transfer the technology actively which has already developed to improve a up-to-date technology and foster the technological innovation. The technology transfer also can bring about a commercial success. To promote the technology transfer, it is needed to develop a new technology valuation model for a specific technology from a objective point of view, as well as to equip an institution such as the technology transfer center. The technology valuation from a objective point of view is of importance as the basic information for the price negotiation between a technology-buyer and a technology-seller. This paper takes aim at investigating a new technology valuation model and developing a technology valuation system for promoting the technology transfer. A new technology valuation system is developed as a web-enabling base. Using this users are able to estimate the value of specific technology on a real time efficiently.

An Analysis of Public Sector Practical Guidelines for Valuation of Technology in Korea

고창룡 아시아기술혁신학회 2019 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.8 No.3

The Practical Guide of Technology Valuation (the guide) by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Energy is dominant in technology valuation in the public sector in Korea. The guide was released in 2011 and revised every three years. However, there are several guidelines or manuals for technology valuation issued by other agencies under different ministries. This paper compares the several guidelines for technology valuation and figures out the similarity and differences, from the view of the US and international standards of valuation. The first aspect found is that the guide is evolving toward the basic principles of valuation. Second, all the guidelines should comply with the guide but have sector-specific characteristics in methods, variables and data. Third, although the guide recommends only two valuation methods, some guidelines introduce various other methods. Fourth, the methods are still too complex and having unnecessary ingredients. Finally, this paper suggests further development of the guide and other guidelines.

Technology Trade and Valuation Model of Technology Factor Method

오준환(Joon-Hwan Oh),Hyun-Woo Park 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.2

This study analyzes the applicability of a technology valuation model from methodological and practical perspectives on international technology trade. To accommodate high uncertainties in cross-border technology trades, international valuation practitioners prefer using the income approach which is based on the discounted future cash flows from the subject technology valued. This study analyzes the technology factor method (TFM) and suggests an improved valuation model relevant to international technology trade by presenting valuation results of a hypothetical case. TFM’s estimation process starts with the assessment of the risks (uncertainties) related to the successful application and commercialization of the subject technology. After determining an entity’s overall business value created by the subject technology, TFM multiplies this value by the technology’s contributory factor. In domestic technology transactions, TFM estimates the contributory proportion of technological asset to be from 1/4 to 1/3. In international technology trades, however, this study suggests that TFM take into consideration additional factors such as trade utility and trade tendency when estimating the contribution factor. This study’s case analysis confirms that the suggested method mitigates the traditional TFM’s prerequisites on efficiency, completeness, and comparability of international technology trading markets. The suggested TFM is expected to shed new light on international technology valuation, by promoting international technology trades.

기술가치 평가를 위한 기술사업화 기간 및 비용 추정체계 개발

전승표(Seoung-Pyo Jun),최대헌(Daeheon Choi),박현우(Hyun-Woo Park),서봉군(Bong-Goon Seo),박도형(Do-Hyung Park) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2017 지능정보연구 Vol.23 No.2

Technology commercialization creates effective economic value by linking the companys R & D processes and outputs to the market. This technology commercialization is important in that a company can retain and maintain a sustained competitive advantage. In order for a specific technology to be commercialized, it goes through the stage of technical planning, technology research and development, and commercialization. This process involves a lot of time and money. Therefore, the duration and cost of technology commercialization are important decision information for determining the market entry strategy. In addition, it is more important information for a technology investor to rationally evaluate the technology value. In this way, it is very important to scientifically estimate the duration and cost of the technology commercialization. However, research on technology commercialization is insufficient and related methodology are lacking. In this study, we propose an evaluation model that can estimate the duration and cost of R & D technology commercialization for small and medium-sized enterprises. To accomplish this, this study collected the public data of the National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS) and the survey data provided by the Small and Medium Business Administration. Also this study will develop the estimation model of commercialization duration and cost of R&D performance on using these data based on the market approach, one of the technology valuation methods. Specifically, this study defined the process of commercialization as consisting of development planning, development progress, and commercialization. We collected the data from the NTIS database and the survey of SMEs technical statistics of the Small and Medium Business Administration. We derived the key variables such as stage-wise R&D costs and duration, the factors of the technology itself, the factors of the technology development, and the environmental factors. At first, given data, we estimates the costs and duration in each technology readiness level (basic research, applied research, development research, prototype production, commercialization), for each industry classification. Then, we developed and verified the research model of each industry classification. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Firstly, it is reflected in the technology valuation model and can be used to estimate the objective economic value of technology. The duration and the cost from the technology development stage to the commercialization stage is a critical factor that has a great influence on the amount of money to discount the future sales from the technology. The results of this study can contribute to more reliable technology valuation because it estimates the commercialization duration and cost scientifically based on past data. Secondly, we have verified models of various fields such as statistical model and data mining model. The statistical model helps us to find the important factors to estimate the duration and cost of technology Commercialization, and the data mining model gives us the rules or algorithms to be applied to an advanced technology valuation system. Finally, this study reaffirms the importance of commercialization costs and durations, which has not been actively studied in previous studies. The results confirm the significant factors to affect the commercialization costs and duration, furthermore the factors are different depending on industry classification. Practically, the results of this study can be reflected in the technology valuation system, which can be provided by national research institutes and R & D staff to provide sophisticated technology valuation. The relevant logic or algorithm of the research result can be implemented independently so that it can be directly reflected in the system, so researchers can use it practically immediately. In conclusion, the results

철강 산업 K 기업의 기술가격 평가방법의 개선에 관한 사례연구

이성욱,김유찬 한국회계정책학회 2012 회계와 정책연구 Vol.17 No.3

This study introduced the case of K company in steel industry improving technology pricing. K company was supposed to develop and apply the innovative technology. At that time, it turned out that the valuation method which had been used was inappropriate or incorrect. K company was also contemplating a technology transfer to the third parties and having the need for a new valuation framework to reflect different properties of different technology. K company developed the new framework for valuation and applied it to a few expectations that the company would encounter in the near future. In addition, the analysis for comparison between two alternatives was implemented. Difference between the results obtained from two alternatives, in effect, highlighted the importance of efforts to develop technology pricing based on the appropriate valuation theory. This study shows how the valuation process provided in a general form in textbooks can be applied to the specific case. Especially, this study helps understand details on the valuation practice in steel industry. This case material is expected to provide the opportunity to compare the valuation practice in other industries with that in steel industry. 본 연구는 철강 산업에 속한 국내 K 기업의 기술가격 평가방법의 개선사례를 소개하고 있다. K 기업은 혁신기술의 도입을 예정하고 있었는데, 기존에 적용해오던 가치평가방법은 당시에는 적절한 것으로 평가되지 못하고 있는 상황이었다. K 기업은 기술이전을 고려하고 있었고, 기술별 차별적 특성을 반영할 수 있는 가치평가 프레임웍을 개발해야할 필요성을 느끼고 있었다. K 기업은 새로운 가치평가 프레임웍을 개발하고, 이것을 가까운 미래에 마주할 것으로 기대하는 몇 가지 사례에 적용하여 기술가격을 평가하였다. 나아가 기존안과 개선안에 따른 평가금액을 비교․평가하였다. 두 방법 간의 평가차액에 대한 비교․분석은 평가이론에 입각한 기술가격 산정의 중요성을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 교과서에서 일반적인 형식으로 제시되어왔던 가치평가이론이 어떻게 구체적 사례에 적용되어질 수 있는지를 보여주었다. 특히, 본 사례는 철강 산업의 기술가치 평가과정을 구체적으로 이해할 수 있도록 도움을 주고 있다. 철강 산업의 실무에 관한 본 사례는 철강 산업과 다른 산업의 기술가치 평가실무에 대한 비교 기회를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.