국내 2조 겉보리 품종의 보리그물무늬병(Net blotch) 저항성과 종자 감염양상

조광민 ( Kwang Min Cho ),신상현 ( Sang Hyun Shin ),강천식 ( Chun Sik Kang ),김경훈 ( Kyung Hoon Kim ),최재성 ( Jae Seong Choi ),박종철 ( Jong Chul Park ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.1

본 연구는 보리 재배지에서의 보리그물무늬병 발생 현황과 종자감염, 국내 육성 겉보리 품종의 저항성 정도를 확인하고 기초 방제기술 개발을 하기 위하여 수행하였다. 보리 재배지에서 잎 중간 부위에서 흑갈색의 작은 반점, 이들 반점들이 모여 녹이 슨 것처럼 보이는 증상과 흑색의 반점 안쪽이 하얗게 고사되는 증상 등이 확인되었다. 이들 증상에서 분리된 곰팡이는 배지 생육과 포자 형태 등 균의 특성 관찰 결과 보리그물무늬병(Net blotch)의 원인균인 Pynerophora teres으로 확인되었다. 곰팡이의 DNA를 이용한 PCR 검정과 병원성 검정 결과에서 P. teres로 동정되었다. 국내 육성 2조 겉보리 품종에 대해 포장에서 잎의 병징발생 정도를 조사하여 품종별 저항성 정도를 시험하였다. 병의 발생 정도는 등숙 초기에서 수확기로 진전될수록 증가하는 경향이었다. 2013년도 수확기 조사에서 사천 6호, 백호보리, 맥향보리는 7~9의 발병정도를 보여 감수성이었다. 반면, 두산 8호, 진광보리, 다호보리, 광맥보리는 수확기에도 발병정도 1의 저항성을 보였다. 백호보리와 맥향보리에서 등숙 초기에는 1 정도의 저항성 반응을 보였으나 수확기에는 7~9로 높아져 병의 진전이 빠른 특징을 보였다. P. teres 의 감염에 대한 저항성과 종자 감염률과의 관계를 조사하였다. 시험 품종 전체의 평균 종자감염률은 1.8%로 조사되었다. 이 중 저항성 품종들의 평균 종자 감염률은 0.6%, 감수성 종자에서는 5.3%로 조사되어 포장에서 잎의 감염 정도가 병원균의 종자 감염에도 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study is to identify the net blotch occurrence and seed infection in the barley field and the resistance of the domestic unhulled barley, and to develop pest control technology. In barley field, the 2 following symptoms were identified in barley varieties: a rusty-looking symptom with dark brown small spots gathered in the middle region of leaf, and a symptom where the inner part of black spots withers away, turning white. A finding on viral characteristics on medium growth and spore morphology from these symptoms was identified as Pynerophora teres, causative organism of net blotch. For a variety of Korean 2-rowed barley, a resistance degree was tested by investigating the severity and symptoms of infected leaves in field. For the incidence of infection, the more advanced the barley was during the period from early ripening to harvest time, the higher the incidence of infection was. According to a finding obtained from investigation conducted during the harvest time in 2013, ``Sacheon 6``, ‘Baeghobori’, and ``Maeghyangbori`` showed 7-9 degrees in the severity of disease, identified as susceptible varieties; whereas ‘Doosanbori 8’, ‘Jinkwangbori’, Dahobori, and ‘Gwangmaegbori’ showed 1 degree in it even in the harvest time. Although ‘Baeghobori’ and ``Maeghyangbori`` showed about -degree resistance in the early ripening period, they showed high 7-9 degrees in the harvest time, which showed rapid progress of the disease for their characteristics. Also investigated was relationship between resistance on infection of P. teres and the rate of infected seeds. The results showed that the average seed infection rate of all tested varieties was 1.8%. Out of them, the average rate of infected seeds of resistance varieties was 0.6%, and the susceptibility of them was 5.3%, indicating the severity of infected leaves in field affected seed infection caused by pathogenic bacterium.

Seed Transmission Rates of Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus in Soybean May Be Affected by Mixed Infection or Expression of the Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor

남문,임현섭,배한홍,이봉춘,윤영남,John Hammond,LeslieL.Domier 한국식물병리학회 2013 식물병연구 Vol.19 No.2

To facilitate their spread, plant viruses have developed several methods for dispersal including insect and seed transmission. While insect transmission requires virus stability against insect digestion, seed-transmitted viruses have to overcome barriers to entry into embryos. Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is transmitted through seed at levels typically below 0.1%, but co-infection with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) enhanced the seed transmission rate of BPMV in one experiment. In contrast, the rate of SMV seed transmission was not affected by BPMV co-infection. In a second preliminary study, the rate of SMV transmission was lower in an isoline of Williams 82 that contained a null mutation for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene than in Williams 82. In this preliminary study, we observed that factors such as protease inhibitor expression and dual infection may affect the frequency of seed transmission of BPMV and SMV.

Seed Transmission Rates of Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus in Soybean May Be Affected by Mixed Infection or Expression of the Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor

Nam, Moon,Bae, Hanhong,Hammond, John,Domier, Leslie L.,Youn, Young-Nam,Lee, Bong-Choon,Lim, Hyoun-Sub The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 식물병연구 Vol.19 No.2

To facilitate their spread, plant viruses have developed several methods for dispersal including insect and seed transmission. While insect transmission requires virus stability against insect digestion, seed-transmitted viruses have to overcome barriers to entry into embryos. Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is transmitted through seed at levels typically below 0.1%, but co-infection with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) enhanced the seed transmission rate of BPMV in one experiment. In contrast, the rate of SMV seed transmission was not affected by BPMV co-infection. In a second preliminary study, the rate of SMV transmission was lower in an isoline of Williams 82 that contained a null mutation for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene than in Williams 82. In this preliminary study, we observed that factors such as protease inhibitor expression and dual infection may affect the frequency of seed transmission of BPMV and SMV.

보리그물무늬병(Net blotch)에 의한 연차간 지역간 종자감염의 발생 변화

조광민,강천식,김양길,김경호,정영근,박철수,박종철 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2015 농업생명과학연구 Vol.49 No.6

본 연구는 국내 보리 재배시 보리그물무늬병 감염정도를 조사하여 지역과 연차간 종자 전염 발생 변 화와 기상 요인의 상관관계를 확인하기 위하여 수행하였다. 병징은 3월 5일부터 잎에 흑갈색의 작은 반 점들로부터 시작되어 보리의 출수기경에는 잎 전체가 고사되는 증상을 보였다. 감염 종자는 약한 붉은 색의 종피 변색을 나타내었다. 2조와 6조 겉보리 19품종을 시험한 결과 지역에 따라 종자 감염률이 차 이를 보였는데 평균 종자 감염률은 김제와 익산에서 각각 0.09-1.36%와 1.44-2.81%로 익산 지역에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 6조 겉보리가 2조에 비해 병 감염에 의한 종자 감염률에 대해 저항성이 큰 것으로 나타났으며 보리그물무늬병에 의한 연차간 종자감염률의 변화를 보였다. 두 맥종에서 2012년 도에는 0.2%와 0.8%를 보였으나, 2013년도에는 1.4%와 2.8%로 높은 발생을 보였다. 이들 연차간 종자 감염률의 차이에 대한 평균기온과 강수량을 비교하였을때, 평균기온은 병 발생이 많았던 2013년도에 2012년에 비해 저온으로 경과하는 양상이었다. 강수량을 비교한 결과 2013년도에 2012년도에 비해 약 120mm 이상의 많은 강수량을 보였다. 이 결과에서 보리 신장기에서 등숙기까지 저온과 높은 강우시 병 발생에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of the study is to investigate differences of the seed infection rate by net blotch disease according to regional and yearly cultivation. The diseased symptom was started from small darkish on spot and develop bigger then killed whole leaves in severe case which was occurred from whole barley growth stages. The infected seed showed weak pinkish color edge of the grain. The infected seed rate in 19 Korean hulled barley was different by each cultivation region at Gimje and Iksan. The average infected seed rate of each region was 0.09-1.36% and 1.44-2.81% at Gimje and Iksan, respectively. In varietal resistance to seed infection, two-rowed barley was more susceptible than six-rowed cultivars. There was difference in seed infection rate in yearly cultivation also. The rates were 0.2% and 0.8% in each varietal kind in 2012 while it was increased to 1.4% and 2.8% in 2013, respectively. To investigate relation between climatic factors and disease incidence, average temperature and precipitation affected seed infection rate change in tested two years. The average temperature was proceed lower investigated barley growth stage in 2013 that showed higher seed infection rate than those of 2012. The precipitation was more much about 120mm in 2013.

재배지역 및 파종기가 풋콩종실의 발병정도 및 발아율에 미치는 영향

金弘植,洪殷憙,金奭東,柳龍煥 韓國作物學會 1996 한국작물학회지 Vol.41 No.2

풋콩 조생품종들인 오꾸하라와세, 미카와시마, 화엄풋콩 및 석량풋콩의 4품종을 고냉지인 철원과 평창 및 평야지인 수원과 대구의 4개 지역에 1992년 5월15일과 6월15일 2회 파종하여 수확종실의 병해정도와 품종에 따라 6~7개월의 저온 저장후(5± 1℃ ) 발아율을 검토하였던 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종실의 병감염은 미이라병 나병률이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 갈반병이었으며 갈반병 나병이 가장 낮았다. 2. 종실의 미이라병, 갈반병 및 자반병 나병을 포함한 총 병해립율은 평창지역이 가장 낮았고, 6월15일 파종이 5월I5일 파종보다 낮은 경향을 보였다. 3. 종실의 미이라병 나병립율은 고냉지인 평창과 철원이 평야지인 수원과 대구보다 낮았고, 6월 15일 파종이 5월I5일 파종보다, 성숙기수확이 성숙후10일 수확보다 낮았다. 4. 종실의 저장후 발아율은 고냉지인 평창과 철원이 90% 이상으로 높아 평야지인 수원과 대구보다 높았으며 6월15일의 만파가 5월15일 파종보다 높았다. 5. 풋콩종실의 미이라병 나병이 낮고, 발아율이 높은 양질종자를 생산키 위해서는 국내 고냉지에서 6월15일의 만파가 유리하였다. This study was conducted to obtain the basic informations for producing high quality seeds of vegetable soybeans. Four vegetable soybean cultivars, 'Okharawase', 'Mikawashima', 'Hwaeomputkong', and 'Seokryangputkong' were planted at four locations, Chulwon(altitude, 192m) and Pyeongchang(altitude, 370m) in highland, and Suwon(altitude, 37m)and Daegu(altitude, 55m) in lowland of Korea with two planting dates, May 15 and June 15. Seed infection rates were attributed by in order of phomopsis seed decay caused by Phomopsis spp., seed mottling caused by soybean mosaic virus (SMV), purple seed stain caused by Cercospora kikuchii. Seed infectron rate was the lowest at Pyeongchang and lower on June 15 than on May 15 planting. Phomopsis seed decay by Phomopsis spp. was lower in highland of Korea, Pyeongchang and Chulwon, than in lowland of Korea, Suwon and Daegu. Seed infection rate was also lower on June 15 planting than on May 15, and in seeds harvested at maturity than at ten days after maturity. Germination rate of seeds harvested in highland, Pyeongchang and Chulwon, after six to seven month storage at 5~pm 1~circC was more than 90% and higher than that of the seeds in lowland, Suwon and Daegu. Germination rate was also higher on June 15 than on May 15 planting.

광 반사방식을 이용한 감염 씨감자 비파괴 선별 기술 개발

김대용(Dae-Yong Kim),조병관(Byoung-Kwan Cho),이윤수(Youn-Su Lee) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.1

Pathogenic fungi and bacteria such as Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Verticillium albo-atrum, and Rhizoctonia solani were the major microorganism which causes diseases in seed potato during postharvest process. Current detection method for disease-infected seed potato relies on human inspection, which is subjective, inaccurate and labor-intensive method. In this study, a reflectance spectroscopy was used to classify sound and diseaseinfected seed potatoes with the spectral range from 400 to 1100 ㎚. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with various preprocessing methods was used to investigate the feasibility of classification between sound and diseaseinfected seed potatoes. The classification accuracy was above 97 % for discriminating disease seed potatoes from sound ones. The results show that Vis / NIR reflectance method has good potential for non-destructive sorting for disease- infected seed potatoes.

벼 품종 및 종자 성숙시기별 키다리병 감염과 발생

노태환 ( Tae Hwan Noh ),심형권 ( Hyeong Kwon Shim ),최만영 ( Man Young Choi ),이휘종 ( Hwi Jong Lee ),강미형 ( Mihyung Kang ),서수좌 ( Su Joa Seo ),강인정 ( In Jeong Kang ),김형무 ( Hyung Moo Kim ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.2

벼 주요품종별로 키다리병 감염률을 조사한 결과 자연감염된 12품종 중에서 남평벼 70.8%로 가장 높았으며 호품, 신동진, 호농 순으로 감염률이 높았다. 그러나 발병률은 보석찰이 못자리 및 포장 모두에서 가장 높게 발병됨이 확인되었다. 품종 및 종자성숙 시기별 감염률을 조사한 결과 모든 품종에서 80~100%의 종자 감염률을 나타내었다. 출수기와 유숙기의 발병률의 평균은 49%, 50% 이었으며, 호숙기 36%, 황숙기 29%로 종자 성숙시기가 늦어질수록 발병률은 낮아졌다. 저항성인 남평벼는 출수기 38%, 유숙기 40%, 호숙기 28%, 황숙기 20%의 발병률은 나타내었다. 그러나 감수성으로 알려진 화성벼는 출수기 36%, 유숙기 34%, 호숙기 18%, 황숙기 16%의 발병률을 나타내었다. 키다리병병원균 포자 접종 후 키다리병 발생이 가장 높은 품종은 호품벼이었고 호농이 가장 낮게 발병되었다. 무소독 종자에서는 보석찰에서 키다리병의 발생이 가장 높게 나타났다. The natural infected rate and occurrence rate of bakanae disease were investigated among 12 rice varieties depend on growth stages of rice. In case of infection rate, Nampyeong was the highest infected variety among investigated varieties as 70.8 percent. Hopum, Sindongjin, and Honong are also infected highly in natural circumstances. The highest occurrence rates of Boseokchal was investigated the highest in nursery and field both. According to the result which were investigated infection rate on each growth stages of rice, most varieties were infected from 80% to 100%. The average occurrence rates were 49% and 50% at heading stage and milk stage. Even if rice seeds were infected by Bakanae disease pathogen late, bakanae disease occurrence also decreased. Compared with resistant variety, Nampyeong and susceptible, Hwasung, occurrence rate of Nampeong were 38%, 40%, 28% and 20% at heading stage, milk stege, dough ripe stage and yellow ripe stage. However, occurrence rate of Hwasung were 36%, 34%, 18%, 16% at each steges. When pathogen spores were inoculated artificially in field, Hopum was shown the highest occurred as 82%, 78%, 66%, 54% at each stage but Honong was the lowest. In non-disinfection seeds plots, occurrence rate of Boseokchal was the highest.

First Report on Racodium therryanum Associated with Seed Infection of Abies koreana in Korea

Hye Kyoung Cho,Toshizumi Miyamoto,Kunihide Takahashi,Dong Won Kim,Sung Gak Hong,김종진 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3

Racodium therryanum from Korea is described here for the first time. This fungus is characterized by that it is isolated from conifer seeds and seedlings, including Abies, colonies are dark green to dark gray and intricate, and it forms chlamydospores in cultures. This pathogenic fungus was isolated from seeds of Abies koreana growing on Mt. Halla, Jeju island. The fungus stopped growth more than at 30oC but grew even at 0oC. This fungus infected seeds of A. koreana under the snow during winter season. There is a high probability that this fungus affects the natural regeneration of A. koreana on Mt. Halla.

가시광 및 근적외선 투과분광법을 이용한 감염 씨감자 온라인 선별시스템 개발

김대용(Dae Yong Kim),모창연(Changyeun Mo),강점순(Jun-Soon Kang),조병관(Byoung-Kwan Cho) 한국비파괴검사학회 2015 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구에서는 온라인 감염 씨감자 비파괴선별 시스템을 구축하고 감염 씨감자 선별을 위한 통계적 모델을 개발하여 적용함으로써 선별시스템의 성능을 평가하였다. 선별모델 개발을 위해 토양병 및 잠복 감염의 대표적인 병원성 세균인 pectobacteruim atrosepticum을 인위적으로 씨감자에 감염시켜 씨감자 내부에 병징이 발현되도록 하여 실험하였다. 구축된 선별시스템을 통해 감염 및 정상 씨감자의 투과스펙트럼을 획득한 후 최소자승판별법(partial least square-discriminant analysis)을 이용하여 감염 씨감자 검출모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델의 정결정계수는(R<SUP>2</SUP>) 0.943이었고 분류의 정확도는 99%(n=80) 이상으로 우수한 선별성능을 보였다. 개발된 온라인 감염 씨감자 선별시스템은 씨감자 선별뿐만 아니라 다양한 농산물의 감염을 검출하는 기반기술로 응용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, an online seed potato sorting system using a visible and near infrared (40-1100 nm) transmittance spectral technique and statistical model was evaluated for the nondestructive determination of infected and sound seed potatoes. Seed potatoes that had been artificially infected with Pectobacterium atrosepticum, which is known to cause a soil borne disease infection, were prepared for the experiments. After acquiring transmittance spectra from sound and infected seed potatoes, a determination algorithm for detecting infected seed potatoes was developed using the partial least square discriminant analysis method. The coefficient of determination(<SUP>Rp2</SUP> ) of the prediction model was 0.943, and the classification accuracy was above 99% (n = 80) for discriminating diseased seed potatoes from sound ones. This online sorting system has good potential for developing a technique to detect agricultural products that are infected and contaminated by pathogens.

First Report on Racodium therryanum Associated with Seed Infection of Abies koreana in Korea

Cho, Hye-Kyoung,Miyamoto, Toshizumi,Takahashi, Kunihide,Kim, Dong-Won,Hong, Sung-Gak,Kim, Jong-Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3

Racodium therryanum from Korea is described here for the first time. This fungus is characterized by that it is isolated from conifer seeds and seedlings, including Abies, colonies are dark green to dark gray and intricate, and it forms chlamydospores in cultures. This pathogenic fungus was isolated from seeds of Abies koreana growing on Mt. Halla, Jeju island. The fungus stopped growth more than at $30^{\circ}C$ but grew even at $O^{\circ}C$. This fungus infected seeds of A. koreana under the snow during winter season. There is a high probability that this fungus affects the natural regeneration of A. koreana on Mt. Halla.