염류집적 유형이 다른 토양의 교환성 양이온 측정

이예진(Ye-Jin Lee),윤홍배(Hong-Bae Yun),김록영(Rog-Young Kim),이종식(Jong-Sik Lee),송요성(Yo-Sung Song),성좌경(Jwa-Kyung Sung),양재의(Jae E. Yang) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.2

염류집적 토양의 교환성 양이온을 분석할 때 수용성 양이온이 많이 존재하는 경우 교환성 양이온이 높게 측정될 수 있으므로 수용성 양이온을 제외한 교환성 양이온을 측정하여야 한다. 수용성 양이온을 제거하기 위하여 전처리 과정 중 알콜 등으로 세척을 하거나 전체 양이온을 구한 후 포화 용액 중 녹아있는 수용성 양이온을 빼는 방법이 있다. 본 실험 결과 시설재배지 토양의 경우 전처리에서 세척하는 방법을 사용해도 타당할 것으로 판단되나, Na 함량이 높은 간척지 토양은 포화용액에 녹아있는 수용성 양이온을 빼야 정확한 교환성 나트륨을 구할 수 있다고 판단되었다. 또한 ECe가 4 이하인 토양에서는 수용성 양이온을 제외할 필요가 없었다. Exchangeable cations are often overestimated especially in salt-affected soils due to the presence of high levels of soluble ions in soil solution. Thus, quantitative analysis of the soil exchangeable cation based on ammonium acetate extraction method {(Exch. Cation)total} requires additional process to remove the free ions (pre-washing) in soil with distilled water or alcohol {(Exch. Cation)pw} or subtraction of the soluble ion contents from the total exchangeable cations {(Exch. Cation)ref}. In this research, we compared the three different methods for the determination of exchangeable cations in soils affected by different types of salt accumulation such as the soils from upland, plastic film house, and reclaimed tidal land. In upland soils, non-saline and non-sodic soils, the regular ammonium acetate extraction method did not have any problem to determine the content of exchangeable cations without any additional process such as the pre-washing method or the subtraction method. However, the contents of exchangeable cations in the salt-affected soils might be determined better with the pre-washing method for the plastic film house soils and with the subtraction method for the reclaimed tidal land soils containing high Na.

Assessment of Electrical Conductivity of Saturated Soil Paste from 1:5 Soil‐Water Extracts for Reclaimed Tideland Soils in South‐Western Coastal Area of Korea

박현진,양혜인,박세인,서보성,이동환,김한용,최우정 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회지 Vol.38 No.2

BACKGROUND: Measurement of electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste (ECe) for assessment of soil salinity is time‐consuming, and thus conversion of EC of 1:5 soilwater extract (EC1:5) to ECe using a dilution factor may be of help to monitor salinity of huge number of soil samples. This study was conducted to evaluate the dilution factor for reclaimed tideland (RTL) soils of South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples (n=40) were collected from four RTLs, and analyzed for EC1:5, ECe, and cation compositions of 1:5 soil‐water extract. The dilution factor (8.70) was estimated by regression analysis between EC1:5 and ECe, and the obtained dilution factor was validated by applying to an independent data set (n=96) of EC1:5 and ECe. The ECe measured and predicted was strongly correlated (r2=0.74, P<0.001), but ECe was overestimated by 16% particularly for the soils with high clay content and low sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that using the dilution factor to convert EC1:5 to ECe is feasible method to monitor changes in the soil salinity of the study RTL. However, overestimation of ECe should be cautioned for the soils with high clay content and low SAR.

Assessment of Electrical Conductivity of Saturated Soil Paste from 1:5 Soil-Water Extracts for Reclaimed Tideland Soils in South-Western Coastal Area of Korea

( Hyun Jin Park ),( Hye In Yang ),( Se In Park ),( Bo Seong Seo ),( Dong Hwan Lee ),( Han Yong Kim ),( Woo Jung Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2019 한국환경농학회지 Vol.38 No.2

BACKGROUND: Measurement of electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste (EC_e) for assessment of soil salinity is time-consuming, and thus conversion of EC of 1:5 soilwater extract (EC_1:5) to EC_e using a dilution factor may be of help to monitor salinity of huge number of soil samples. This study was conducted to evaluate the dilution factor for reclaimed tideland (RTL) soils of South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples (n=40) were collected from four RTLs, and analyzed for EC_1:5, EC_e, and cation compositions of 1:5 soil-water extract. The dilution factor (8.70) was estimated by regression analysis between EC_1:5 and EC_e, and the obtained dilution factor was validated by applying to an independent data set (n=96) of EC_1:5 and EC_e. The EC_e measured and predicted was strongly correlated (r²=0.74, P<0.001), but EC_e was overestimated by 16% particularly for the soils with high clay content and low sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that using the dilution factor to convert EC_1:5 to EC_e is feasible method to monitor changes in the soil salinity of the study RTL. However, overestimation of EC_e should be cautioned for the soils with high clay content and low SAR.

우리나라 서남해안 간척지 토양의 염도 측정시 1:5 추출법 EC를 이용한 포화 침출액 EC 환산법

박현진 ( Hyun-jin Park ),서보성 ( Bo-seong Seo ),이동환 ( Dong-hwan Lee ),이수진 ( Su-jin Lee ),김한용 ( Han-yong Kim ),최우정 ( Woo-jung Choi ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

Measurement of electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste (EC_e) which is the best indicator of soil salinity is time-consuming when the number of sample is huge or frequent monitoring is required. Thus, conversion of electrical conductivity of 1:5 soil-water extract (EC_1:5) to EC_e using a dilution factor is necessary. In South Korea, a wide range (5.49-9.94) of dilution factor for EC_1:5 has been reported, but no relevant study has been conducted for new reclaimed tideland (RTL) constructed since 2000s. Therefore, this study was conducted to find the dilution factor to estimate EC_e from EC_1:5 using the relationship between EC_1:5 and EC_e for the new RTL soils. Soil samples (n=40) were collected from four RTLs, and analyzed for EC_1:5 and cation compositions of 1:5 soil-water extract and EC_e of extracts of saturated soil paste. The dilution factor (8.70) was estimated by fitting simple linear regression between EC_1:5 and EC_e, and the obtained dilution factor was validated by applying to an independent data set (n=96) of RTL soils. The EC_e measured and predicted for independent data set was strongly correlated (r²=0.74, P<0.001), but EC_e was overestimated by 16% particularly for the soils with high clay content and low sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Therefore, this study suggests that conversion of EC_1:5 to EC_e using a dilution factor is feasible method to monitor changes in the soils salinity of the study RTL. However, when monitoring the salinity of the soils with high clay content and low SAR, overestimation of EC_e should be cautioned.

Assessment of Electrical Conductivity of Saturated Soil Paste from 1:5 Soil-Water Extracts for Reclaimed Tideland Soils in South-Western Coastal Area of Korea

Park, Hyun-Jin,Yang, Hye In,Park, Se-In,Seo, Bo-Seong,Lee, Dong-Hwan,Kim, Han-Yong,Choi, Woo-Jung The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2019 한국환경농학회지 Vol.38 No.2

BACKGROUND: Measurement of electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste ($EC_e$) for assessment of soil salinity is time-consuming, and thus conversion of EC of 1:5 soil-water extract ($EC_{1:5}$) to $EC_e$ using a dilution factor may be of help to monitor salinity of huge number of soil samples. This study was conducted to evaluate the dilution factor for reclaimed tideland (RTL) soils of South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples (n=40) were collected from four RTLs, and analyzed for $EC_{1:5}$, $EC_e$, and cation compositions of 1:5 soil-water extract. The dilution factor (8.70) was estimated by regression analysis between $EC_{1:5}$ and $EC_e$, and the obtained dilution factor was validated by applying to an independent data set (n=96) of $EC_{1:5}$ and $EC_e$. The $EC_e$ measured and predicted was strongly correlated ($r^2=0.74$, P<0.001), but $EC_e$ was overestimated by 16% particularly for the soils with high clay content and low sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that using the dilution factor to convert $EC_{1:5}$ to $EC_e$ is feasible method to monitor changes in the soil salinity of the study RTL. However, overestimation of $EC_e$ should be cautioned for the soils with high clay content and low SAR.

간척지 염해토양의 특성과 제염기법

손재권,송재도,신원태,이수환,류진희,조재영 한국유기농업학회 2016 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

Accumulation of excessive salt in Reclaimed coastal tidelands can reduce crop yields, reduce the effectiveness of irrigation, degradation of soil structure, and affect other soil properties. These salts has shown to cause specific ions in the plant over a period of time leads to ion toxicity or ion imbalance and a continuous osmotic phase that prevents water uptake by plants due to osmotic pressure of saline soil solution. This review focuses on the characteristics of salt-affected soils, mechanisms of salt-tolerance plants, desalinization technology, and soil management to maintain sustainable agro-ecosystem in salt-affected soils.

간척지 염해토양의 특성과 제염기법

손재권,송재도,신원태,이수환,류진희,조재영 한국유기농업학회 2016 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

Accumulation of excessive salt in Reclaimed coastal tidelands can reduce crop yields, reduce the effectiveness of irrigation, degradation of soil structure, and affect other soil properties. These salts has shown to cause specific ions in the plant over a period of time leads to ion toxicity or ion imbalance and a continuous osmotic phase that prevents water uptake by plants due to osmotic pressure of saline soil solution. This review focuses on the characteristics of salt-affected soils, mechanisms of salt-tolerance plants, desalinization technology, and soil management to maintain sustainable agro-ecosystem in salt-affected soils.

Effect of Soil to Water Ratios on Cation Exchange Equilibria in Salt-Affected Soils: Case Study of Mugerero Paddy Soils in Burundian Lower Rusizi Plain

Severin Nijimbere,Gervais Rufyikiri,Joseph Dufey 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Assessing Organic Carbon Dynamics in Salt-Affected Soils Amended with Gypsum and Plant Residues

Sevda Amini,Hossein Ghadiri,Chengrong Chen,Petra Marschner 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Fertilizer Management Practices with Rice Straw Application for Improving Soil Quality in Watermelon Monoculture Greenhouse Plots

Byung-Koo Ahn(안병구),Young-Han Lee(이영한),Jin-Ho Lee(이진호) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.1

수박재배에 적합한 양분함량보다 약 3배 이상 높고, 7년간 수박을 연작해온 시설 재배지에서 시비관리 및 생볏짚을 연용하면서 토양 중 염류경감 효과와 수박시들음증 발생률을 조사하였다. 시험은 관행구, 시비관리구, 시비관리 및 5, 10, 15 ton ㏊?¹ 생볏짚 처리구로 나누어 3년간 실시하였다. 유기물함량은 예상할 수 있는 바와 같이 대부분의 처리구에서 지속적으로 증가하였으며, 단지 시비관리구에서만 감소하였다. 토양 pH는 관행구 및 시비관리구에서는 변화가 거의 없었고, 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 시험 3년차부터 10, 15 ton ㏊?¹ 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 치환성 양이온 즉 Ca²?, Mg²?, K?, 중 Ca²?과 Mg²?의 함량과 수용성 음이온, NO₃?, Cl?, SO₄²?, PO₄³?의 함량은 시비관리구 및 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 상당히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 생볏짚의 처리량과는 관계없이 시험 1년차에 많은 양이 감소한 후, 2~3년차에서는 더 이상 감소하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 치환성 K? 함량은 시비관리구에서 다고 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 다른 처리구에서는 시험기간 동한 거의 변화하지 않았다. 그리고 이러한 양이온과 음이온의 함량변화와 관계가 깊은 전기전도도(EC)를 조사한 결과 수용성 음이온함량변화와 같은 경향을 보이며 감소하였다. 또한 수박생육과 관련하여 수박시들음증 발생률은 관행구에서 최고 약 20%까지 발생하였으나, 시비관리와 함께 생볏짚을 10 ton ㏊?¹ 이상 사용하면 최고 3.5%까지 급격히 감소하였다. Indoor cultivation plots for watermelon plant mostly have salt-accumulation problem because of continuous cropping especially with the heavy applications of chemical fertilizers. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate selected soil properties and watermelon growth condition as affected by the application of different farming practices in the salt-affected soils of greenhouse plots used for continuous watermelon production. Five different practice conditions in the experimental plots were applied, 1) a conventional farming practice (CFP), 2) a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer management practice (FMP), and 3) the FMP with different amounts (5, 10, and 15 ton ㏊?¹) of fresh rice straw treatments (FMP-RS), for three years of study. As comparing with CFP plots, soil organic matter content gradually increased during the experimental years, whereas it decreased in the FMP only plot. Soil pH was not changed in the CFP and FMP plot, but it declined in the FMP-RS plots; however, it increased again from the third year in the FMP-RS plots with applying 10 and 15 ton ㏊?¹ of RS treatments. The concentrations of exchangeable cations, Ca²? and Mg²?, except K?, and water-soluble anions, NO₃?, Cl?, SO₄²? and PO₄³?, markedly decreased in FMP and FMP-RS plots. In particular, the application of rice straw tended to significantly decrease the ion concentrations, especially most anions, in the first year, but there was no more decrease in the second and third study years. With relation to the ion concentrations, the changes of electrical conductivity (EC) after applying the management practices showed very similar to those of the ion concentrations. In addition, incidence of withered watermelon plant after applying the management practices dramatically declined from approximately 20% in the CFP plot to 3.5% in the FMP-RS plots. Water melon fruit weight was also improved by the management practices, especially FMP-RS. Therefore, the fertilizer and/or fresh rice straw application management practices are beneficial to improve salt-affected soils and watermelon plant growth condition.