호텔 제조식품의 배상책임리스크 발견기법에 관한 연구

권오성 ( Oh Sung Kwon ),최상수 ( Sang Su Choi ) 한국관광산업학회 2014 Tourism Research Vol.39 No.4

우리나라의 경우 과거에 비해 변화된 기업의 외부환경 중 하나가 제조물책임법의 시행이며, 이로 인해 과거와는 달리 기업은 자신이 제조한 제품을 사용하는 소비자가 제품결함으로 인해 신체상 또는 재산상의 피해를 입었을 경우 도의적 뿐 만 아니라 법적으로 배상책임을 져야한다. 호텔의 경우도 호텔에서 제조 유통 판매되는 식품은 제조물에 해당되어 고객이 식품결함으로 인해 신체상 또는 재산상 피해를 입었을 경우 호텔사업자는 법적인 손해배상책임을 져야한다. 선진국들은 이미 제조물배상책임리스크 발견기법, 측정기법, 관리기법 등에 관한 연구가 심층적으로 진행되어 왔을 뿐 만 아니라 리스크관리 분야를 오래전부터 체계적으로 연구하여 경영학의 한 분야로서 리스크관리 이론으로 정립하였다. 그러나 우리니라는 제조물책임법이 늦게 시행되었을 뿐 만 아니라 제조물배상책임리스크와 관련된 학문적인 연구 또한 매우 미진한 상태이다. 더구나 리스크관리 이론을 토대로 한 호텔 제조식품에 대한 배상책임리스크 발견기법에 관한 연구는 거의 전무하다. 더구나 최근 국내 특급호텔의 경우 전체 영업실적에 대한 식음료부문의 영업실적 구성비가 매년 증가하는 추세일 뿐 만 아니라 식음료부문은 호텔이미지와 직결되므로 매우 중요하기 때문에 리스크관리 차원의 체계적인 연구가 절실히 필요하다. 특히 리스크 발견은 리스크관리 과정의 첫 단계로서 정확한 리스크를 발견해야만 다음단계인 리스크 측정이 정확하게 되고, 이에 따라 가장 적합한 리스크관리 기법을 선택할 수 있기 때문에 리스크 발견기법에 대한 본 연구는 한층 더 중요한 의의를 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 그동안 발전되어 온 리스크관리 이론에 입각하여 호텔사업자가 식품배상책임리스크를 보다 효율적이고 체계적으로 관리할 수 있도록 호텔식품배상책임리스크 발견기법들을 제시하고자 한다. This study aims to analyze the product liability risk identification techniques for food manufactured by hotels. This study developed the food product liability risk identification techniques based on risk management theory. This study suggests that the food product liability risk identification techniques have become more important because risk management techniques cannot be effective if an incorrect measurement is used in risk identification stage that is the first stage of risk management process. There are two approaches of risk identification techniques: one is the analytic approach and the other is the system approach. While the analytic approach identifies the risk associated with hotel``s general business activities, the system approach identifies the risk more systematically and concretely. The analytic approach method contains checklists for loss exposure, risk analysis questionnaires, flow-charts. The system approach method contains system hazard analysis questionnaires, hazard logic tree and gross hazard analysis. In using the food product liability risk identification techniques, it is the most important that several techniques should be used in complementary manner. The results of this study are expected to help for hotel operators in identifying the food product liability risk.

장애위험 영아의 조기발견 및 맞춤형 양육지원에 관한 실행연구: 일반 어린이집에 재원 중인 영아를 중심으로

김승현(Kim Seung Hyeun),이병인(Lee Byoung IN) 단국대학교 특수교육연구소 2021 특수교육논총 Vol.37 No.1

연구 목적: 본 연구는 ‘장애위험 영아의 조기발견 및 맞춤형 양육지원’을 실행연구로 진행하여, 조기발견 및 조기개입의 지원체계를 모색하였다. 연구 방법: 조기발견 대상은 서울․경기 지역 6개소 어린이집 영유아 221명이며, 맞춤형 양육지원의 대상은 조기발견에서 선별된 31명의 영아 중, 부모가 참여를 수락한 4명의 영아와 부모, 담임교사이다. 맞춤형 양육지원은 장애위험 영아의 부모와 교사, 연구자가 협력적 관계를 유지하며 계획-실행 및 관찰-반성의 과정을 순환적인 절차로 반복되는 실행연구로 진행하였다. 연구 결과: 첫째, 장애위험 영아 조기발견 및 맞춤형 양육지원 계획을 위해, 선행연구 고찰, 예비 실행, 전문가 검토의 과정을 진행하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 조기 발견은 3회기로, 맞춤형 양육지원은 12회기로 지원 절차를 계획하였다. 둘째, 장애위험 영아의 조기 발견은 모든 영유아의 발달과 양육을 지원하는 내용이 포함되었다. 셋째, 장애위험 영아를 위한 맞춤형 양육지원은 실행 및 관찰-반성-계획의 나선형 절차가 반복되도록 하였다. 이를 위해 매회기 일정 관리를 효율적으로 하여 가정과 어린이집을 방문하였다. 양육자와 담임교사는 방문이 없는 일상에서도 실행기록지로 활동-중심 중재를 실천하고, SNS로 소통할 수 있었다. 넷째, 맞춤형 양육지원을 통해, 영아, 부모, 담임교사는 긍정적으로 변화하였다. 대상 영아는 발달이 촉진되었으며 부모와 담임교사는 영아의 일상에서 발달촉진을 위한 기회를 모색할 수 있는 역량이 강화되었다. 마지막으로, 조기발견 및 맞춤형 양육지원에 대한 사회적 타당도는 참여한 대상과 참여하지 않은 대상 모두에게서 높은 결과를 보여주었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 ‘장애위험 영아 조기발견 및 맞춤형 양육지원’이 장애위험 영아의 발달을 촉진하거나 장애가 될 가능성을 최소화하는데 기여 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서의 조기 발견은 장애위험 영아를 선별하는 것뿐만 아니라 모든 영유아의 발달 및 양육을 지원하는 기회가 되었으며, 장애위험 영아 조기개입으로 영아의 친숙한 성인인 양육자와 담임교사가 주체가 되어 전문가 협력을 실행하는 지원체계를 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate early identification and early intervention support systems as an implementation study on early identification of young children at risk and customized parenting support Method: early identification targets 221 infants and toddlers at six childcare centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The targets of customized parenting support are 4 young children, parents, and homeroom teachers, among 31 young children selected by early identification. The customized parenting support was conducted as an implementation study in which parents, teachers, and researchers of young children at risk maintained a cooperative relationship, and the processes of planning-implementation and observation-reflection were repeated in a cyclical procedure. Result: First, the process of reviewing prior research, preliminary implementation, and expert review was conducted for early identification of young children at risk and customized parenting support plans. Through this process, the application process was planned in 3 sessions for early identification and 12 sessions for customized parenting support. Second, the early identification of young children at risk included support for the development and rearing of all children. Third, customized parenting support for young children at risk was implemented and repeated the spiral procedure of observation-reflection-plan. To this end, the schedule was managed efficiently for each session and visited families and childcare centers. The caregivers and the classroom teachers were able to practice activity-centered mediation with the performance record sheet even in everyday life without visits and communicate through SNS. Fourth, through customized parenting support, infants, parents, and classroom teachers changed positively. Young children’s development was promoted, and parents and classroom teachers were reinforced in their capacity to seek opportunities to promote development in their daily lives. Finally, the social validity of early identification and customized parenting support showed high results in both participants and non-participated subjects. Conclusion: Through this study, it was confirmed that ‘early identification and customized parenting support for young children at risk’ can contribute to normalizing the development of young children at risk or minimizing the possibility of disability. Early identification in this study was an opportunity to support the development and rearing of all children as well as screening children at risk. In addition, it is significant that the early intervention of young children at risk has suggested a support system that is carried out in cooperation with experts, led by caregivers and classroom teachers who are familiar adults of young children.

도시철도차량 적용을 위한 위험도 매트릭스 개발에 관한 연구

김영삼 한국안전학회 2011 한국안전학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Risk-based railway safety management has been mandatory in Korea as by relevant laws and regulations enacted since the Railway Safety Act 2004. In particular, the Railway Vehicle Safety Guidance came into effect on Jan 1, 2008 specifies the details of methodology for hazard analysis, risk assessment and safety verification and validation. Fundamentals for success of the risk-based safety management are systematic hazard identification and risk assessment by use of reasonable risk assessment criteria, but the principle of risk-based safety management has not been applied in an effective way to introduction and maintenance of railway vehicle systems because definite risk assessment criteria have not been set down for each railway system or railway network. The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk matrix development principle for risk assessment of domestic urban metro vehicles by analyses of relevant rules and railway operating environment of Korea

Estimating Risk Interdependency Ratio for Construction Projects: Using Risk Checklist in Pre-construction Phase

김준영,이현수,박문서,권나현 대한건축학회 2019 Architectural research Vol.21 No.2

Risk assessment during pre-construction phase is important due to the uncertainty of the risks that may exist in projects. Risk checklist is a method to systematically classify and organize the risks that have been experienced in the past, and to identify the risk factors that may be present in the future projects. In addition, risk value assessment based on checklists plays a key role in risk management, and various risk assessment researches have been conducted to carry out this systematically. However, previous approaches have limitations in common, this is because risk values are evaluated individually in risk checklists, which ignore interdependencies among risk factors and neglect the emergence of co-occurrence of risks. Hence, when multiple risk factors co-occur, they cannot be far off from the conventional method of summing the total risk value to establish the risk response strategy. Most of risk factors are interdependent and may have multiple effects if occurred than expected. In particular, specific cause can be overlapped if multiple risks co-occur, and this may result in overestimation of the risk response for the future project. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a model to help decision makers to quantify the risk value reflecting the interdependency during the identification phase using existing risk checklist that is currently being practiced in actual construction projects. The proposed model will provide the guideline to support the prediction and identification of the interdependency of risks in practice. In addition, the better understanding and prediction of the exceeding risk response by co-occurring risks during the risk identification phase for decision makers.

Risk analysis of the rice supply chain in Cambodia

Bunhorng Rath,Thitima Wonginta,Chompoonut AMCHANG 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2022 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.20 No.2

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the risks faced by the Cambodian rice supply chain (RSC), including risk identification, risk investigation and risk management. Design/methodology/approach – The first qualitative area of exploration from this exploratory sequential design is to identify the potential risks, in which the authors conduct in-depth interviews with ten different experts in Cambodia. Using the structural equation model (SEM) in AMOS and descriptive statistics analysis, this study investigates the risks that affect the RSC performance on an environmental, social and economic basis and subsequently proposes risk management strategies. The authors collect quantitative data from 200 Cambodian farmers through interviews and surveys. Findings – The results illustrate that the farm households face 18 risk factors. The researchers consolidate 18 risk factors into four classifications: supply risks, production risks, demand risks and environmental risks. Nine experts out of the ten who were interviewed (90%) consider themselves “highly vulnerable” (with a rating of 4 or 5 on the Likert scale), while only one expert has a “neutral” stance (with a rating of 3 on the Likert scale); these results concerning risk identification are visualized in the likelihood effect matrix of the RSC. After investigating the risks, the authors found that RSC performance is significantly affected by the RSC risks. In particular, four groups are created, representing two different approaches to mitigate, avoid, transfer and cope with agricultural risks, i.e. ex ante and ex post risk management strategies. Originality/value – This study fully answers research questions regarding risk identification, risk investigation and risk management.

Developing Mathematical Methods for Project Risk Management Based on Reliability Functions

Seonha Han,Suneung Ahn 한국산업경영시스템학회 2013 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.춘계

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for finding a degree of influence of risks affecting the project. At risk identification step, all risks are structured in forms of block diagrams after risks of project activities are identified. At risk analysis step, reliability functions are derived based on block diagrams of risks. Reliability function represents the probability of the project success. Based on the derived reliability functions, risks importance is defined as a criterion for expressing a degree of influence of each risk affecting the success of the project, which is. Risks importance includes the structural importance of risk, the probability of risk, and the impact of risk. It could be applied to determine the priorities of risks which should be controlled, and the use of such priorities could guarantee successful project activities. Finally, examples of the proposed mathematical models will be given.

프로젝트 리스크 관리를 위한 신뢰도 함수 기반 수리모형의 개발

한선하,안선응 한국산업경영시스템학회 2013 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.춘계

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for finding a degree of influence of risks affecting the project. At risk identification step, all risks are structured in forms of block diagrams after risks of project activities are identified. At risk analysis step, reliability functions are derived based on block diagrams of risks. Reliability function represents the probability of the project success. Based on the derived reliability functions, risks importance is defined as a criterion for expressing a degree of influence of each risk affecting the success of the project, which is. Risks importance includes the structural importance of risk, the probability of risk, and the impact of risk. It could be applied to determine the priorities of risks which should be controlled, and the use of such priorities could guarantee successful project activities. Finally, examples of the proposed mathematical models will be given.

Risk Management Policy of Telecommunication and Engineering Laboratory

Abdul Salam Shah,Muhammad Fayaz,Asadullah Shah,Shahnawaz Shah 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.4

The Telecommunication laboratory plays an important role in carrying out research in the different fields like Telecommunication, Information Technology, Wireless Sensor Networks, Mobile Networks and many other fields. Every Engineering University has a setup of laboratories for students particularly for Ph.D. scholars to work on the performance analysis of different Telecommunication Networks including WLANs, 3G/4G, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). The laboratories help students to have hand on practice on the theoretical concepts they have learned during the teachings at the university. The technical subjects have a practical part also which boosts the knowledge of students and learning of new ideas. The Telecommunication and Engineering laboratories are equipped with different electronic equipment’s like digital trainers, simulators etc. and some additional supportive devices like computers, air conditioners, projectors, and large screens, with power backup facility that creates the perfect environment for experimentation. The setup of Telecommunication and Engineering laboratories cost huge amount, required to purchase equipment, and maintain the equipment. In any working environment risk factor is involved. To handle and avoid risks there must be risk management policy to tackle with accidents and other damages during working in the laboratory, may it be human or equipment at risk. In this paper, we have proposed a risk management policy for the Telecommunication and Engineering laboratories, which can be generalized for similar type of laboratories in engineering fields of studies.

Identification and management the financial risks of accumulator

Yonggang Ye,Siying Lv 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

This paper focuses on using building block approach to identify and management financial risks of acumulator which is a kind of high-riskand complex financial derivative. When the underlying asset pricek rise, the investors could earn a lot from accumulator contracts, on the contrary, there are huge potential risks if the price falls. At present, the accumulator causes enormous losses to lots of investors, eve resulting in bankruptcy. These investors were not fully aware of the potential risks. This paper uses financial building blocks approach to decompose the accumulator into a number of well-known financial derivatives, helping investors to analyze the potential investment risks of accumulator contracts in different economic situations. Then base on the essential characteristics of accumulator, this paper proposes and testifies the proposal of hedging, making investors be fully aware of the risks of accumulator and managing the financial risks.

도시철도차량 적용을 위한 위험도 매트릭스 개발에 관한 연구

김영상,Kim, Young-Sang 한국안전학회 2011 한국안전학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Risk-based railway safety management has been mandatory in Korea as by relevant laws and regulations enacted since the Railway Safety Act 2004. In particular, the Railway Vehicle Safety Guidance came into effect on Jan 1, 2008 specifies the details of methodology for hazard analysis, risk assessment and safety verification and validation. Fundamentals for success of the risk-based safety management are systematic hazard identification and risk assessment by use of reasonable risk assessment criteria, but the principle of risk-based safety management has not been applied in an effective way to introduction and maintenance of railway vehicle systems because definite risk assessment criteria have not been set down for each railway system or railway network. The purpose of this study is to suggest a risk matrix development principle for risk assessment of domestic urban metro vehicles by analyses of relevant rules and railway operating environment of Korea.