Effects of Dietary Rhus verniciflua Stokes Supplementation on Meat Quality Characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) Beef during Refrigerated Storage

Kim, Yong Sun,Liang, Cheng Yun,Song, Young Han,Lee, Sung Ki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The effects of dietary Rhus verniciflua Stokes supplementation (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%/feed) on meat color, water-holding capacity (WHC), lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition in m. longissimus from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef during refrigerated storage were investigated. The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ and $C^*$ values of 4% group were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the other groups for 7 days of storage. The $a^*$, $b^*$ and $C^*$ values declined gradually during storage in all of the groups and the decline was more rapid in control group. The metmyoglobin (%) was significantly (p<0.05) increased during storage time in all of the groups, but the 4% group had a lower rate of metmyoglobin accumulation during storage. WHC was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the 2% and 4% groups than in the other groups. The TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value of day 0 was not significantly (p>0.05) different among 4 diet conditions, but the TBARS value after 5 days of storage was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the control group than in other groups. The proportions of C18:1, MUFA, UFA and MUFA/SFA ratio were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the meat from Rhus verniciflua Stokes-supplemented Hanwoo than in the control group. Consequently, the meat from Rhus verniciflua Stokes-supplemented Hanwoo showed higher color stability, WHC, unsaturated fatty acids and retarded lipid oxidation compared to the control meat. In particular, dietary Rhus verniciflua Stokes supplementation with 4% extended storage life compared to the other groups.

腦血流및 血管에 미치는 옻나무의 效果

김종천,이계복,최병화,한상건,한종현 한국전통의학연구소 2004 한국전통의학지 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this present study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter (Transonic Instrument, USA) through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducer under 1.5 g loading tension. Rhus verniciflua stokes increased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly. The rCBF of Rhus verniciflua stokes was decreased by pretreated propranolol, l-NNA and methylene blue. But atropine indomethacin did not change the rCBF. Contractions evoked by PE 0.1μM were significantly inecreased by Rhus verniciflua stokes. Propranolol significantly altered the effect of Rhus verniciflua stokes, but l-NNA, ODQ and indomethacin did not change the relaxation of Rhus verniciflua stokes. These results suggest that Rhus verniciflua stokes can increase the rCBF and relax EP induced contraction of isolated rat aorta, and that is related to sympathetics and nitric oxide.

Pharmacokinetic Profile of Eight Phenolic Compounds and Their Conjugated Metabolites after Oral Administration of <i>Rhus verniciflua</i> Extracts in Rats

Jin, Ming Ji,Kim, In Sook,Park, Jong Suk,Dong, Mi-Sook,Na, Chun-Soo,Yoo, Hye Hyun American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.63 No.22

<P><I>Rhus verniciflua</I> (<I>Toxicodendron vernicifluum</I>) is a medicinal tree popularly used in Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Korea as a food additive or herbal medicine because of its beneficial effects. <I>R. verniciflua</I> extract (RVE) contains diverse phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, as its major biological active constituents. In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of eight phenolic compounds were investigated following oral administration of RVE to rats. The eight phenolic compounds were 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, fisetin, fustin, butin, sulfuretin, taxifolin, and garbanzol. The plasma concentrations of the eight compounds were determined by using a liquid chromatography–triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer before and after treatment with β-glucuronidase. When 1.5 g/kg RVE was administered, the eight compounds were all detected in plasma, mainly as conjugated forms. These pharmacokinetic data would be useful for understanding the pharmacological effects of RVE.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2015/jafcau.2015.63.issue-22/acs.jafc.5b01724/production/images/medium/jf-2015-01724m_0004.gif'></P>

Accelerating Effect of TNF-a on the Rhus verniciflua-induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Human Osteosarcoma Cells

Hyun-Duck Kim,Sung-Ho Kook,김범태,Jong-Ghee Kim,Young-Mi Jeon,이정채 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.1

Previously, a flavonoid fraction, which consisted mainly of protocatechuic acid, fustin, fisetin,sulfuretin, and butein, here named RCMF [Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) chloroform-methanol fraction], wasprepared from a crude acetone extract of RVS which is traditionally used as a food additive and as an herbalmedicine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TNF-α on RCMF-induced growth inhibition andshowed that TNF-α treatment itself (10 ng/ml) did not induce any cytotoxicity, but it actively accelerated RCMF-mediated cytotoxicity of HOS cels. RCMF-induced cytotoxicity and its facilitation by TNF-α was verified to beapoptotic, based on the increased DNA fragmentation and low fluorescence intensity in nuclei after propidiumiodide (PI) staining of HOS cels. This speculation was further demonstrated by monitoring the Annexin V/PIdouble staining which could discriminate the diference betwen apoptotic and necrotic deaths. Colectively, ourfindings indicate that TNF-α accelerates RCMF-induced cytotoxicity in HOS cells.

<i>Rhus verniciflua</i> Stokes prevents cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production in MDCK-I renal cells and intact mice

Lee, Joo-Ho,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Lee, Hyo-Jeong,Choi, Won-Cheol,Yoon, Seong-Woo,Ko, Seong-Gyu,Ahn, Kwang Seok,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Lieske, John C.,Kim, Sung-Hoon Elsevier 2009 Phytomedicine Vol.16 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress can cause liver and kidney damage, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy. Thus, in the present study, since <I>Rhus verniciflua</I> Stokes (RVS) containing flavonoids has antioxidant effects, we investigated whether it can protect cisplatin-induced toxicity <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>, The <I>in vitro</I> effects of RVS on the cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were investigated using cisplatin-treated Madin–Darby Canine kidney (MDCK)-I renal cells. Its <I>in vivo</I> effects were also studied in BALB/c mice inoculated with CT-26 colon adenocarcinoma cells and treated with cisplatin with or without RVS. Liver and renal functions were assessed together with indices of tissue oxidation. RVS prevented cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and ROS release against MDCK-I cells. RVS alone exerted modest antitumor activity against CT-26 cells. When used concurrently with cisplatin, RVS prevented the increases in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and NO, while reducing liver and kidney tissue MDA content, and increasing catalase, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Moreover, the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin was not altered by concurrent administration of RVS. These findings demonstrate that RVS prevents cisplatin-induced toxicity <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> via an antioxidant activity without hurting its antitumor effectiveness, suggesting that RVS can be usefully applied to the neoplastic patients as a combined chemopreventive agent with cisplatin.</P>

Glycoprotein Isolated from <i>Rhus verniciflua</i> S<small>TOKES</small> Inhibits Inflammation-Related Protein and Nitric Oxide Production in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

Oh, Phil-Sun,Lee, Sei-Jung,Lim, Kye-Taek Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2007 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.30 No.1

<P><I>Rhus verniciflua</I> S<SMALL>TOKES</SMALL> (RVS) has traditionally been used for medical purpose, such as healing of inflammatory diseases in South Korea. Glycoprotein (36 kDa) was isolated from RVS fruit, purified and used to evaluate the inhibitory effect on inflammatory-related proteins and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 ng/ml)-stimulated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage cell line). Our results were showed that RVS glycoprotein has a strong antioxidative activity against lipid peroxyl radicals in cell-free system, and inhibits NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. To elucidate the inhibitory effect of RVS glycoprotein on activities of inflammatory-related proteins, we firstly evaluated the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of intracellular protein kinase C (PKC), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and activator protein-1 (AP-1). The results in the present study showed that RVS glycoprotein (200 μg/ml) inhibits ROS production and PKCα translocation, and down-regulates the expression of NF-κB and AP-1. Such upstream signals consequently inhibited the levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. Therefore, we speculate that RVS glycoprotein inhibits the inflammatory-related protein and can act as an anti-inflammatory agent.</P>

The Cytoprotective Effect of Sulfuretin against <i>tert</i> -Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Hepatotoxicity through Nrf2/ARE and JNK/ERK MAPK-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression

Lee, Dong-Sung,Kim, Kyoung-Su,Ko, Wonmin,Li, Bin,Jeong, Gil-Saeng,Jang, Jun-Hyeog,Oh, Hyuncheol,Kim, Youn-Chul Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.5

<P>Sulfuretin is one of the major flavonoid components in <I>Rhus verniciflua</I> Stokes (Anacardiaceae) isolates. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of sulfuretin against <I>tert</I>-butyl hydroperoxide (<I>t</I>-BHP)-induced oxidative injury. The results indicated that the addition of sulfuretin before <I>t</I>-BHP treatment significantly inhibited cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human liver-derived HepG2 cells. Sulfuretin up-regulated the activity of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1 via nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus and increased the promoter activity of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Moreover, sulfuretin exposure enhanced the phosphorylation of c-Jun <I>N</I>-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Furthermore, cell treatment with a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and ERK inhibitor (PD98059) reduced sulfuretin-induced HO-1 expression and decreased its protective effects. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effect of sulfuretin against <I>t</I>-BHP-induced oxidative damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells is attributable to its ability to scavenge ROS and up-regulate the activity of HO-1 through the Nrf2/ARE and JNK/ERK signaling pathways. Therefore, sulfuretin could be advantageous as a bioactive source for the prevention of oxidative injury.</P>

Extract of <i>Rhus verniciflua</i> stokes protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing Nrf2-mediated induction of antioxidant enzymes

Choi, Du Ri,Jeong, Ji Heun,Yu, Kwang-Sik,Lee, Nam-Seob,Jeong, Young-Gil,Kim, Do Kyung,Na, Chun Soo,Na, Dae Seung,Hwang, Won Min,Han, Seung-Yun D.A. Spandidos 2018 Experimental and therapeutic medicine Vol.15 No.4

<P>Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may cause acute kidney disease (AKD) by mediating the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of parenchymal cells. The extract of <I>Rhus verniciflua</I> Stokes (RVS) is used as a traditional herbal medicine as it exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the current study investigated the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of RVS on IRI-induced AKD <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I>. The current study assessed the effects of RVS on a mouse model of renal IRI and in hypoxic human renal tubular epithelial HK-2 cells. The results demonstrated that the IRI-induced elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase was significantly attenuated by the intraoral administration of RVS (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days prior to surgery. It was demonstrated that IRI surgery induced histological damage and cellular apoptosis in renal parenchyma, which were attenuated by pretreatment with RVS. Furthermore, in HK-2 cells incubated with 300 µM CoCl<SUB>2</SUB> to induce chemical hypoxia, it was demonstrated that RVS treatment significantly inhibited cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, RVS treatment upregulated the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 and catalase, as well as their upstream regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, in HK-2 cells. Taken together, these results suggested that the intraoral administration of RVS induces a therapeutic effect on IRI-induced AKD. These effects are at least partly due to the attenuation of ROS production via upregulation of the antioxidant defense system in renal tubular cells.</P>

Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effect of herbal medicines (APR) in RAW264.7 cells

CHOI, HAN-SEOK,SEO, HYE SOOK,KIM, SOON RE,CHOI, YOUN KYUNG,SHIN, YONG-CHEOL,KO, SEONG-GYU D.A. Spandidos 2014 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.9 No.5

<P>The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of a mixture of medicinal plants [<I>Angelica gigas Nakai</I>, <I>Panax ginseng</I> and <I>Rhus verniciflua Stokes</I> (APR)] on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Cells were treated with APR and LPS at various concentrations and indicated times. WST assay, trypan blue assay and quantification of activated cells demonstrated that APR suppressed cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. APR induced G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and necrosis factor κB (NF-κB). APR also suppressed nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (Cox-2) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, APR decreased LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as induced PARP and caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that APR causes apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study indicated that APR may be advantageous in treating inflammatory disease.</P>

Ionization Neutralizes the Allergy-Inducing Property of 3-Pentadecylcatechol: A Urushiol Derivative

정항연,이태호,이형재,조정용,문재학 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.7

Urushiols are amphipathic compounds found in Rhus verniciflua Stokes that exhibit various biological activities. However, their practical use is very restricted due to their contact dermatitis-inducing property. Therefore, we applied the ionization method to remove the allergenic properties of the urushiols and to increase their usability. One of the natural urushiols, 3-pentadecylcatechol (PDC), was heated for 30 min with a solution of H2O and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The reaction product was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Ionized PDC with an m/z value of 316.9 and complexed PDCs with Na+ of 1 − 3 atoms with m/z values of 340.8, 365.2, and 380.8 were detected. PDC and ionized PDC (3 μmol/3 mg of Vaseline) treatments were applied on the rear of left ear of Sprague-Dawley rats once daily for 10 days. Erythema and swelling were observed on the ear skin treated with PDC, but not in case of ionized PDC. Compared with control, contact hypersensitivity-related biomarkers (neutrophils, eosinophils, immunoglobulin E, and histamine) in the blood were significantly higher only in the PDC-treated group. In addition, Il-1b, Il-6, Tnfα, and Cox-2 mRNA expression levels were dramatically increased in the ear tissue of PDC-treated rats, but in the ionized PDC-treated group, they were similar to those in the control group. Overall, it was confirmed that the allergenic property of the urushiol PDC was removed by ionization. This method is expected to be useful for preventing allergy induction in cooking and food processing using R. verniciflua Stokes.