저항성운동 트레이닝이 비만 여자 대학생의 신체구성, 인슐린저항성 및 혈관 염증 인자에 미치는 영향

김남수,김승환 한국스포츠학회 2018 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The study was designed to examine the effects of resistance exercise training on body composition, insulin resistance and vascular inflammation factors of obese college female students. Nineteen obese college female students were volunteered to participate in this study as subjects, and they were randomly assigned to either resistance exercise training(n=10) or control group(n=9). The subjects in resistance exercise program for intensity of 60% 1RM, three times per week for 10 weeks, whereas subjects in control were asked to maintain their normal life pattern for the same intervention period. All subjects were asked not to change their physical activity pattern and energy intake throughout the intervention period. Main results of the present study were as follows: 1) Weight, BMI, fat mass and % body fat were significantly decreased in resistance exercise training group. 2) Insulin and insulin resistance were significantly decreased in resistance exercise training group. but Insulin and insulin resistance were significantly increased in control group. 3) The concentration of adiponectin in vascular inflammation factors significantly increased in resistance exercise training. It was concluded that 10 weeks of resistance exercise training would be beneficial for blood lipid, insulin resistance and vascular inflammation factors of obese college female students 본 연구에서는 비만 여자 대학생 19명을 대상으로 10주간 저항성운동 트레이닝이 신체구성, 인슐린저항성 그리고 혈관 염증 인자에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였으며, 본 연구에서 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 저항성운동 트레이닝 집단의 체중, 체질량지수 체지방량 그리고 체지방률에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면, 통제 집단은 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 저항성운동 트레이닝 집단의 인슐린과 인슐린 저항성에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면 통제 집단의 경우 인슐린과 인슐린 저항성에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 마지막으로 저항성운동 트레이닝의 혈관 염증 인자 중 아디포넥틴에서만 유의하게 증가하였다. 반면, 통제 집단의 경우 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 이상에서 기술한 결과를 종합해 보면, 저항성운동 트레이닝에 의하여 체중, 체질량지수, 체지방량 그리고 체지방률은 감소와 인슐린과 인슐린 저항성의 감소 및 아디포넥틴의 감소는 대사성 질환과 면역 기능의 개선에 긍정적으로 기인한 것으로 결론지을 수 있다.

Development of a Mathematical Model of Muscular Strength Adaptation to Resistance Training Based on Training Volume, Frequency, and Exercise Intensity

( Seon-woong Jang ),( Dong-hee Kim ),( Dae-yeol Kim ),( Dong-soo Park ),( Hyun-gi Kim ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of muscular strength adaptation to resistance training, based on training variables such as training volume, frequency, and exercise intensity. Method: We first studied Arandjelovi?s model of neuromuscular adaptation to resistance training and then modified and expanded it to develop a new training variables-based model of muscular strength adaptation. The effect of each training variable on muscular strength adaptation was modeled using published data. Both of bench press and squat training were simulated in C++ programs. Parameters for the model were estimated with the experimental data from two different weight training programs (78.9% and 83.3% RM) using nonlinear least squares. It was followed by verification (checking of numerical error and intermediate simulation outputs) and validation tests (the R squared measure of goodness of fit, residual plots, and sensitivity analysis) with published data and computer simulations. Predictive quality of the model was estimated with the experimental data from a periodized weight training program. Result: A mathematical model of muscular strength adaptation to resistance training based on training volume, frequency, and exercise intensity was developed. Intermediate simulation outputs showed that the simulation agrees with its requirements. The model predicted relatively well the strength development following a bench press training (R2 = 0.893) and a squat training (R2 = 0.986) with the parameters estimated at the intensity of 78.9% RM compared to 83.3% RM (R2 = 0.342 and 0.924 respectively). Residual plots indicated that the simulated models of both exercise types show a lower bias with the parameters estimated at the lower intensity of exercise. With the selection of a variety of inputs, we found the simulated model works relatively well, consistent with established knowledge of muscular strength adaptation to resistance training. Conclusion: It was possible to predict muscular strength adaptation to resistance training through the development of a new training variables-based model. On the basis of training variables widely used in academic and industrial fields utilizing resistance training, the current model would have a practical use with a further refinement.

저항성 트레이닝이 고령 여성의 활동체력 및 신체조성에 미치는 영향

이재문(Lee Jae-Mun) 한국체육과학회 2005 한국체육과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a 8week resistance excercise training in 35 elderly women (18 subjects of an exercise group and 17 subjects of a non exercise group) over age 65 randomly selected. The effects of 8 weeks of resistance exercise training on physical fitness in the daily life and body composition were studied in pre and post exercise training. During the exercise training period, the resistance training group had a significant(p<0.5) variation in the muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, balance, and agility except for body composition as compared with the control group. But, during the exercise training period, had not a significant change in the grip strength(L), functional reach, scratch test, one leg balance with eyes closed, and catching a dropped bar. An resistance exercise program was carried out for an extended period of time with 18 elderly women who did not exercise on a daily basis. As a result their physical fitness and body composition factor, in their daily life, was improved. These positive changes suggests the necessity of regular active exercise and offers possible excercise programs for elderly women.

운동생리학 : 비만 중년여성에서 인슐린저항성의 운동 유발성 감소와 adiponectin과의 관계

박재현(JaeHyunPark) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.5

The purpose of this study was undertaken to clarify whether 12weeks combined aerobic and resistance exercise training-induced decrease in insulin resistance is related to changes in adiponectin concentrations in obese middled-aged women. Subjects were composed of fourteen obese middle-aged women who have not habitual exercise or not participate any exercise program. The combined training group performed that the resistance exercise was composed of 80% of 1RM, 10-12 repetitions per set, 2set, 40 minutes a day for 3 days a week and the aerobic exercise was composed of 40-60%HRR during first 6 weeks, 60-80%HRR during next 12weeks, 50 minutes a day for 3 days a week. Body weight and % body fat were no changed in exercise and control group after 12weeks. LBM was significantly (p<.05) increased in exercise group, but not control group. HDL-C was significantly(p<.05) increased and insulin was significantly(p<.05) decreased, but not TC, TG, LDL-C, AI, glucose in exercise group. HOMA-IR was significantly(p<.05) decreased in only exercise group, but adiponectin did not change in both groups. At baseline, adiponectin correlated with WHR, HDL-C, TG and Change in adiponectin after 12 weeks correlated with body fat mass and %body fat. In conclusion, there was no change in adiponectin concentrations with combined aerobic and resistance exercise training that did not alter body fat mass, despite an improvement in insulin resistance. So, the findings of this study suggest that adiponectin concentrations is not a contributory factor to the exercise-related improvements in insulin resistance.

당뇨병의 운동요법

정채호,손태서 대한의사협회 2023 대한의사협회지 Vol.66 No.7

Background: Exercise lowers blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and helps prevent complications; therefore, it is highly effective for prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, many patients with diabetes do not meet the recommendations for the amount of exercise. In this study, we focus on the latest recommendations and discuss exercise therapies that are helpful for patients with diabetes. Current Concepts: Many studies have shown that exercise helps to improve blood glucose control, physical strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes are advised to perform both aerobic and resistance exercises. Aerobic exercise is suitable for most patients and can rapidly lower blood glucose levels. Resistance exercise improves muscle strength and endurance and is useful for long-term stabilization of blood glucose levels. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves insulin resistance and additionally controls blood glucose levels. Patients with diabetes are recommended moderate intensity exercise for at least 150 min/week, at least thrice a week, without interruption in exercise for >2 consecutive days. Discussion and Conclusion: Exercise is an essential recommended lifestyle intervention for patients with diabetes, and regular exercise is important. Furthermore, patients with diabetes should avoid low-energy activities and minimize sitting time.

중년 여성의 저항성 운동 기간이 면역세포 및 코티졸에 미치는 영향

이삼준 한국스포츠학회 2019 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Resistance training has been recommended muscular- and neuro-system. The level of testosterone and cortisol have been known as excellent marker of training effect. Also, FFA is good index of lipid metabolism during the exercises. This study was to investigate that the anabolic responses and lipid metabolism after resistance exercise of high level intensity(HI:10reps at 80% of 1RM, 3sets), moderate level intensity(MI:13reps at 60% of 1RM, 3sets), and low level intensity(LI:20reps at 40% of 1RM, 3sets). The subjects for this study were 14 women, who didn't have history of cardiopulmonary diseases and medical problems. Approximately, total exercise volume was 39,000J and resting time had 1minute on all of the exercise protocols. Hormonal concentration was measured at three different times: pre, post and recovery thirty minutes of the exercise. The results of this study were shown as followed;The intensity of resistance exercise was not shown the differences in anabolic responses. But, these data shown the trend that slight high in 60% of 1RM. Furthermore, FFA wasn't significantly change after all of the exercise protocols. These results indicate that, proper intensity for muscle hypertrophy is applicable to 60% of 1RM. Also, Immune cell and level of cortisol is dependent to uration of resistance exercise 저항성 훈련은 신경 근육 시스템에 대한 주요 강력한 자극이며, testosterone 호르몬의 비율은 저항성 훈련의 효과에 대한 검증의 좋은 지표로 알려져 있다. 저항성 훈련동안의 지질 대사의 좋은 지표는 또한 FFA로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 고강도의 저항성 훈련 이후에 단백질 동화 반응과 지질 대사 운동을 살펴보고자 하는데 있다. 고강도는 1RM의 80%, 3sets, 10회 반복(HI), 중정도의 강도는 1RM의 60%, 13회, 3sets(MI), 그리고 저강도는 1RM의 40%, 3sets 20회(LI)로 실시를 하였다. 피험자는 누구나 심폐 질환과 의료 문제가 없는 14명의 여성들로 자발적인 참여를 하였다. 운동의 총량(total volume)은 39,000J, 휴식시간은 1분으로 실시를 하였다. 호르몬 농도 측정은 3번 실시를 하였으며, 운동전-중-운동후 회복기 30분에서 측정을 하였다. 본 연구 결과는 동화반응에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만, 본 연구에서 고강도의 유의한 차이는 없지만 1RM의 60%에 높은 것으로 나타났다. 게다가, FFA는 운동후 모든 강도에서 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과 근육의 발달을 위한 적절한 강도는 1RM의 60%에 적용되는 것으로 나타났으며 기간에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

12주간 저항성 운동트레이닝 시 세트간 휴식시간의 차이가 여성노인의 기능적 체력 및 혈중지질수준에 미치는 영향

손희정(Son Hee-Jeong),강지훈(Kang Ji-Hoon) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the change of functional fitness level and blood lipid concentration according to the set interval of resistance exercise training in eldery women. The subjects were consisted of 2 groups of eldery women(60sec group: 60sec rest between set, 180sec group: 180sec rest between set). Resistance exercise training was composed of 50-60RM, 3times a week for 12weeks. The result of this study were as follows. 180sec rest group had a positive influence in static balance (p<.05)and lower extremity strength(p<.001) but had not a positive effect in blood lipid level. In conclusion, the 12 weeks resistance exercise training with the 180sec rest interval between sets showed more effective on lower extremity strength in elderly women. Also, there are no difference in the blood lipid level among the set interval of resistance exercise training.

단기간의 고강도 저항성 트레이닝에 의한 근섬유의 MHC phenotype 변화

하재여(Ha Jae-Yeo),김효정(Kim Hyo-Jeong),김창근(Kim Chang-Keun) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 4 week resistance training on myosin heavy chain (MHC; Ⅰ, Ⅰ/Ⅱa, Ⅱa, Ⅱa/Ⅱx, Ⅱx, Ⅰ/Ⅱa/Ⅱx) isoforms in single muscle fiber in young men (age 21.20±2.25, n=10). Subjects were subjected to 4 weeks of isokinetic training and each training session consisted of 10 × 10 maximal 90°/s and 180°/s extension and flexion contractions using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer. To maintain the effective control of the differences of training impact on individuals, the present study adopted the one-leg exercise training or within subject model. Muscle biopsies were obtained from right/left vastus lateralis before and after training. We analyzed MHC isoforms in single muscle fiber by electrophoretic analysis (100 fibers analyzed to each biopsy sample; 4,000 fibers analyzed in total). Mean MHC IIa isoforms in the trained leg were significantly increased by 10% (p<.05), whereas the number of MHC IIx isoforms was decreased by 8% (p<.01). MHC Ⅱa was significantly increrased by 5% (p<.05) in untrained leg. MHC Ⅱx and MHC Ⅰ/Ⅱa/Ⅱx were decreased by 7% (p<.05) and 1% (p<.05) respectively in untrained leg. However, MHC IIa expression in trained leg was increased by 5%(p<.05) than untrained leg. From the result of this study we confirmed 4 week of training result in significant changes in MHC isoforms in within subject resistance exercise model.

Haptic-Based Resistance Training Machine and Its Application to Biceps Exercises

박재우,김경남,홍대희 한국정밀공학회 2011 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.12 No.1

This paper introduces the design of a haptic-based resistance training machine and deals with the details of a control scheme for biceps exercises. The developed training machine has three components: 1) Machine hardware; 2) Impedance control based resistance generator; and 3) User interface. It can enable various resistance trainings considering the biomechanical behavior of individual user. That is, in contrast to conventional exercise machines, it can easily generate two-dimensional exercise motions and resistance profiles with respect to an individual’s musculoskeletal characteristics. This feature can help users to easily execute an arbitrary exercise pattern that can maximize exercise performance. We choose the biceps exercise as its first application and implement an impedance control scheme for executing the newly suggested exercise protocol. Details of the experimental results are included for verification.

Comprehensive Relevance of AMPK in Adaptive Responses of Physical Exercise, Skeletal Muscle and Neuromuscular Disorders

( Jun-ho Lee ) 대한물리의학회 2018 대한물리의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand the adaptive responses of different modes of physical exercises utilizing skeletal muscle and the comprehensive relevance of AMPK signaling that can be activated by physical exercise as a potential molecular target in human health problems such as neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). METHODS: Most of the contents in this review article are based on recent publications concerning the main topics of interest. The reference literatures cited were obtained by basic searches of overseas academic databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect using EndNote X7.8. RESULTS: The phenotypic adaptive responses of skeletal muscle during endurance- and resistance-based exercise training (ET and RT respectively) appear to be distinct. To explain the adaptive responses in each single mode of exercises (ET, RT) along with combined exercise training (CT), AMPK signaling is proposed as an important molecular link among those differential modes of exercise and a promising molecular target of NMDs. CONCLUSION: Based on the available evidence, intracellular AMPK signaling activated by diverse stimuli including physical exercise can be a potential and promising therapeutic target for the prevention, amelioration or cure of various human health problems including NMDs and may also be beneficial for physical rehabilitation and emergency situations that may elicit acute metabolic stresses.