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다양한 교정용 미니 스크류의 인공 피질골 두께에 따른 삽입 토오크와 Pull-out 강도 비교
송영윤,차정열,황충주 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.1
본 연구는 스크류의 역학적인 특성을 알아보고자 세 종류의 self-drilling형의 교정용 미니 스크류 (Type A; 순수한 원통형, Type B; 내경이 증가하는 구간이 있는 부분적인 원통형, Type C; 원통형과 원추형이 함께 있는 복합형)를 피질골의 두께를 다르게 설정한 인공골 시편에 삽입하였다. 일정한 회전 속도와 수직력을 부여할 수 있는 구동식 토오크 시험기(Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea)를 이용하여 삽입 토오크를 측정하고 만능시험기(Instron 3366, Instron, Norwood, MA, USA)를 이용하여 Pull-out 강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 피질골 두께의 증가에 따른 최대 삽입 토오크(maximum insertion torque) 값은 Type A는 차이가 없는 반면(p> 0.05), Type B와 Type C에서는 유의한 증가가 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 모든 피질골 두께에서 Type C > Type A > Type B의 순으로 최대 삽입 토오크 값이 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). Pull-out 강도는 모든 경우에 Type A가 Type B와 Type C보다 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). Type별로 피질골 두께와 최대 삽입 토오크, Pull-out 강도 간에 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 미니 스크류 식립을 위한 디자인 선택 시 식립부위의 피질골 두께를 고려해야 함을 시사한다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical performance of mini-screws during insertion into artificial bone with use of the driving torque tester (Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea), as well as testing of Pull-out Strength (POS). Methods: Experimental bone blocks with different cortical bone thickness were used as specimens. Three modules of commercially available drill-free type mini-screws (Type A; pure cylindrical type, Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea, Type B; partially cylindrical type, Jeil Medical, Seoul, Korea, Type C; combination type of cylindrical and tapered portions, Ortholution, Seoul, Korea), were used. Results: Difference in the cortical bone thickness had little effect on the maximum insertion torque (MIT) in Type A mini-screws. But in Type B and C, MIT increased as the cortical bone thickness increased. MIT of Type C was highest in all situations, then Type B and Type A in order. Type C showed lower POS than Type A or B in all situations. There were statistically significant correlations between cortical bone thickness and MIT, and POS for each type of the mini-screws. Conclusion: Since different screw designs showed different insertion torques with increases in cortical bone thickness, the best suitable screw design should be selected according to the different cortical thicknesses at the implant sites.
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Comparison of Three Magnet Array-type Rotors in Surface Permanent Magnet-type Vernier Motor
Kataoka, Yasuhiro,Takayama, Masakazu,Matsushima, Yoshitarou,Anazawa, Yoshihisa Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2013 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.2 No.1
Surface permanent magnet-type vernier motors with three magnet array-type rotors (parallel magnetized type, repulsion type, and Halbach type) are compared based on the pull-out torque. It was clarified that increasing the rotor radius increases the pull-out torque at a fixed three-phase alternating voltage. The mechanism for the pull-out torque increase on each magnet array type was different, when the effects of the increase were analyzed based on an induced electromotive force and a synchronous reactance. As a result, the design of the Halbach-type rotor was found to be especially effective for achieving high pull-out torque, because this array type achieves a large induced electromotive force $E_0$ and a small synchronous reactance $x_s$.
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김진섭,권민호,서현수,박재훈 한국방재학회 2013 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.13 No.2
post-installed anchor is installed in non-cracked concrete. and pullout and shear strength of the anchor were investigated. pullout and shear test was conducted Torque, diameter, insertion depth of the anchor of a couple of variables. if it receive pullout load, Torque, diameter and insertion of the anchor were affected. if it receive shear load, diameter and insertion of the anchor were affected but Torque was less affected. pull-out failure mode, steel failure of the anchor and concrete cone failure occurs. and shear failure mode, Most of the tests showed shear failure of the anchor. using structural analysis program ABAQUS, pull-out and shear of te anchor were analyzed. When the interpretation of the available anchor system are derived for finite element modeling of concrete structure, interpreted the resulted with the installation of a target anchor for a relatively accurate prediction was possible. 후 설치 앵커인 Set Anchor를 비 균열 콘크리트에 설치하여 앵커의 인발 및 전단 내력에 대하여 고찰 하였다. Torque, 앵커의 직경, 앵커의 삽입 깊이의 변수를 두어 인발 및 전단 실험을 진행 하였으며 인발 하중을 받는 경우에는 Torque, 앵커의 직경 및 삽입 깊이에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며 전단 하중을 받는 경우에는 앵커의 직경 및 삽입 깊이에 영향이 있으나 Torque의 크기에는 영향이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서 앵커와 모재인 콘크리트의 파괴모드는 인발 실험인 경우 앵커 강재 파괴 및 콘크리트 콘 파괴가 발생 하였으며 전단 실험인 경우에는 대부분의 실험에서 앵커의 전단 파괴가 나타났다. 앵커의 인발 및 전단 내력을 범용 구조해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 앵커시스템의 해석 시 사용가능한 유한요소 모델링을 도출하여 해석한 결과 콘크리트 구조물에 후 설치 앵커를 사용한 해석대상에 대하여 비교적 정확한 예측이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.
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Baek, Yeon-Wha,Kim, Duck-Rae,Park, Ju-Hee,Lim, Young-Jun Korean Academy of Dental Science 2011 Journal of korean dental science Vol.4 No.2
Purpose: Modifications of implant design have been related to improving initial stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate their respective effect on initial stability between two tapered implant systems (self-tapping vs. non-self-tapping) in medium density bone using three different analytic methods. Materials and Methods: Self-tapping implant (GS III$^{(R)}$; Osstem Implant Co., Busan, Korea) and non-self-tapping implant (Replace Select$^{(R)}$; Nobel Biocare, G$\H{o}$teborg, Sweden) were investigated. In Solid rigid polyurethane blocks of artificially simulated Quality 2 bone, each of the 5 implants was inserted according to the manufacturer's instructions for medium-bone drilling protocol. Evaluation of initial stability was carried out by recording the maximum insertion torque (IT) and performing the resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and the pull-out test. Results: The IT and RFA values of self-tapping implant were significantly higher than those of non self-tapping implant (P=.009 and P=.047, respectively). In the pull-out values, no significant differences were found in implants between two groups (P=.117). Within each implant system, no statistically significant correlation was found among three different outcome variables. Conclusions: These findings suggest that design characteristics of implant geometry significantly influence the initial stability in medium bone density.
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임동균(Dong-gyun IM),신택현(Taek-hyun Shin),박찬석(Chan-seok Park),김도윤(Do-yun Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2022 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.6
In this study, the purpose that perform parking durability test in the lab, before actual vehicle parking durability test. We confirm the vehicle loads which transfer to parking system in transmission by measuring the drive shaft torque, when parking position and release parking position on slope. We confirm the parking impact torque when parking position on the slope, the parking pull out torque when release parking position, similarity of the calculated hill climbing resistance and actual hill climbing resistance on the vehicle. Furthermore, confirm the linear proportionality between the hill climbing resistance and the vehicle loads. At the result of this study, the behavior of the vehicle loads that transfer to parking system on slope was confirmed, it will improve the accuracy and reliability of the parking system durability test in the lab.
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