하고초(夏枯草)에서 추출한 Ursolic acid의파골세포 분화 억제 효과

허자경 ( Ja Kyung Heo ),황덕상 ( Deok Sang Hwang ),이진무 ( Jin Moo Lee ),이창훈 ( Chang Hoon Lee ),장준복 ( Jun Bock Jang ),이경섭 ( Kyung Sub Lee ) 대한한방부인과학회 2014 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.27 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of ursolicacid from Prunella vulgaris on osteoclast differentiation. Methods: MTT-assay was performed to estimate cytotoxicity of ursolic acidfrom Prunella vulgaris in BMMs stimulated with M-CSF. TRAP staining, TRAPactivity and Real-time PCR were performed to know the inhibitory effect onosteoclast differentiation. Actin ring formation were analysed to observe the effectof ursolic acid from Prunella vulgaris. Results: Ursolic acid from Prunella vulgaris has no cytotoxicity at the concentrationof 1 μg/ml or lower. Ursolic acid decreased the number of TRAP positive cells and the expression of NFATc1 gene, c-Fos gene, TRAP and OSCAR in BMMs stimulatedwith RANKL. Ursolic acid restrained the formation of actin ring. Ursolic acidinhibited NF-κB activity by inducing degradation of p-IkBa.Conclusions: Ursolic acid from Prunella vulgaris has the inhibitory effect ofosteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Futher studies are needed to treatosteoporosis by usolic acid from Prunella vulgaris.

하고초(Prunella vulgaris) 추출물의 항산화 및 항염 효능에 관한 연구

양재찬(Yang Jaechan) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 하고초(Prunella vulgaris)의 항산화 및 항염에 관한 연구이다. 하고초 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 DPPH 라디컬 소거능, SOD 유사활성, FRAP, ABTS 실험을 하였으며, 추출물의 안전성 확인을 위해 농도별 세포생존율을 측정하였다. 또한 LPS로 유도된 대식세포에서 하고초 추출물의 NO 생성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 그 결과 10, 20, 40mg/mL 농도에서 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며, 40mg/mL를 제외하고는 독성을나타내지 않았다. 또한 LPS를 단독으로 처리한 군에서는 음성대조군 대비 NO가 크게 증가하였으나 하고초 추출물 20mg/mL을 처리한 군에서 농도 의존적인 NO생성 저해활성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해볼 때 하고초추출물이 세포의 산화적 손상 방어 및 염증반응을 감소시키는 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties ofPrunella vulgaris. DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, FRAP, and ABTS tests wereperformed using the ethanol extract of Prunella vulgaris, and cell viability was measured byconcentration to confirm the safety of the extract. In addition, we evaluated the effect of theextracts on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages. As a result, high antioxidant activity was exhibited at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40mg/mL,and no toxicity was observed except for 40mg/mL. In addition, in the group treated with LPS,NO was significantly increased compared to the negative control group, but the group treatedwith 20mg/mL of Prunella vulgaris extract showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory activityof NO production. The result is that Prunella vulgaris extract reduces the oxidative damage defense and inflammatoryresponse of cells.

<i>Prunella vulgaris</i> Suppresses HG-Induced Vascular Inflammation via Nrf2/HO-1/eNOS Activation

Hwang, Sun Mi,Lee, Yun Jung,Yoon, Jung Joo,Lee, So Min,Kim, Jin Sook,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.13 No.1

<P>Vascular inflammation is an important factor which can promote diabetic complications. In this study, the inhibitory effects of aqueous extract from <I>Prunella vulgaris</I> (APV) on high glucose (HG)-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are reported. APV decreased HG-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. APV also dose-dependently inhibited HG-induced adhesion of HL-60 monocytic cells. APV suppressed p65 NF-κB activation in HG-treated cells. APV significantly inhibited the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). HG-stimulated HUVEC secreted gelatinases, however, APV inhibited it. APV induced Akt phosphorylation as well as activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), eNOS, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which may protect vascular inflammation caused by HG. In conclusion, APV exerts anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of ROS/NF-κB pathway by inducing HO-1 and eNOS expression mediated by Nrf2, thereby suggesting that <I>Prunella vulgaris</I> may be a possible therapeutic approach to the inhibition of diabetic vascular diseases.</P>

Study on the Anti-hypertension mechanism of Prunella Vulgaris based on entity grammar systems

Li Du,Man-man Li,Bai-Xia Zhang,Shuai-Bing He,Ya-Nam Hu,Yun Wang 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2015 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.5 No.4

Literatures and experimental studies have shown that Prunella has an effect on anti-hypertension, however, its components are complicated, so that it is still difficult to clear the specific roles of its various components in blood pressure regulation in. So we decide to systematically study the anti-hypertension mechanism of Prunella. We integrated multiple databases and constructed molecular interaction network between the chemical constituents of Prunella Vulgaris and hypertension based on entity grammar systems model. The network has 262 nodes and 802 edges. Then we infer the interactions between chemical compositions and disease targets to clarify the anti-hypertension mechanism. Finally, we found Prunella could influence hypertension by regulating apoptosis, cell proliferation, blood vessel development and vasoconstriction, etc. Thus this study provides reference for drug development and compatibility, and also gives guidance for health care at a certain extent.

NF-κB-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activity of <i>Prunella vulgaris</i> var. <i>lilacina</i> in Macrophages RAW 264.7

Hwang, Yu-Jin,Lee, Eun-Ju,Kim, Haeng-Ran,Hwang, Kyung-A Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.14 No.11

<P><I>Prunella vulgaris</I> var. <I>lilacina</I>, a herbal medicine, has long been used in Korea for the treatment of sore throat, and to alleviate fever and accelerate wound healing. Although the therapeutic effect of <I>P. vulgaris</I> var. <I>lilacina</I> is likely associated with anti-inflammatory activity, the precise underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity. We have investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the various solvent fractions (hexane, butanol, chloroform and water) from the ethanol extract of <I>P. vulgaris</I> var. <I>lilacina</I> in activated macrophages. The hexane fraction exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activities, inducing inhibition of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, the hexane fraction from <I>P. vulgaris</I> var. <I>lilacina</I> significantly inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits. These results indicate that <I>P. vulgaris</I> var. <I>lilacina</I> has an anti-inflammatory capacity <I>in vitro</I>, suggesting that it could be a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.</P>

<i>Prunella vulgaris</i> Attenuates Diabetic Renal Injury by Suppressing Glomerular Fibrosis and Inflammation

Namgung, Seung,Yoon, Jung Joo,Yoon, Chi-Su,Han, Byung Hyuk,Choi, Eun Sik,Oh, Hyuncheol,Kim, Youn-Chul,Lee, Yun Jung,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2017 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol. No.

<P>Diabetic nephropathy is both the most common complication and the leading cause of mortality associated with diabetes. <I>Prunella vulgaris</I>, a well-known traditional medicinal plant, is used for the cure of abscess, scrofula, hypertension and urinary diseases. This study confirmed whether an aqueous extract of <I>Prunella vulgaris</I> (APV) suppresses renal inflammation and fibrosis. In human mesangial cell (HMC), pretreatment of APV attenuated 25<TEX>$ \,$</TEX>mM HG-induced suppressed TGF-<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX> and Smad-2/4 expression; it increased the expression level of Smad-7. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen IV, fibrosis biomarkers, were significantly decreased by APV. APV suppressed inflammatory factors such as intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). APV inhibited activation and translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-<TEX>$ \kappa $</TEX>B) in HG-stimulated HMCs. Moreover, APV significantly improved HG-induced ROS in a dose-dependent manner. In diabetic rat models, APV significantly decreased blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and ameliorated plasma creatinine (PCr). APV reduced the PAS positivity staining intensity and basement membrane thickening in glomeruli of diabetic rats. Fibrosis related proteins such as collagen IV and TGF-<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>1 were also inhibited by APV. These results suggest that APV has a significant protective effect against diabetic renal dysfunction including inflammation and fibrosis through disruption of the TGF-<TEX>$ \beta $</TEX>/Smad signaling. Therefore, APV may be useful in potential therapies that target glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis, which lead to diabetic nephropathy.</P>

하고초를 이용한 견직물의 자연염색

김상률 한국니트디자인학회 2017 패션과 니트 Vol.15 No.2

Nowadays, popularity of more natural lifestyle based on naturally sustainable goods is on the rise. The use of natural dyes for textile coloration has re-flourished due to their recently discovered antimicrobial, UV protective, deodorizing properties, in addition, to the sober and elegant shades on different types of fabrics. The purpose of this study is to investigate dyeing properties and functionality of silk fabrics dyed with hot-water extract from Prunella vulgaris. The dyeing properties of the silk fabrics were studied by investigating the effect of dyeing conditions such as dye concentrations, dyeing temperatures, dyeing time and the pH; the effect of mordants; and color changes. The study also estimated the colorfastness, antibacterial property, ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed and mordanted fabrics. Water-soluble dye of Prunella vulgaris extracted with distilled water was expressed YR color series. The dyeabilities of silk increased depending on the increasing dye concentration, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature. And the highest K/S values were obtained at a dye concentration of 100% (v/v), a dyeing of time 120 minutes, a dyeing temperature of 90˚C, and a dyeing of pH 2. The light fastness of dyed and Cu mordanted silk fabrics were found to be excellent, and the drycleaning and rubbing fastness were good. The fade of washing fastness and perspiration fastness were not excellant. however, the stain fastness showed relatively good grade. The dyed silk fabric and also Al, Cu, Fe mordanted silk fabrics showed 99.9% reduction rate. Generally, the ultraviolet protection properties of the mordanted fabrics were improved. Moreover, the dyed and mordnared fabrics showed very excellent ultraviolet protection factors(50+).

Effect of polyacetylenic acids from <i>Prunella vulgaris</i> on various plant pathogens

Yoon, M.-Y.,Choi, G.J.,Choi, Y.H.,Jang, K.S.,Park, M.S.,Cha, B.,Kim, J.-C. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Letters in applied microbiology Vol.51 No.5

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims: </P><P>This study is aiming at characterizing antifungal substances from the methanol extract of <I>Prunella vulgaris</I> and at investigating those substances’ antifungal and antioomycete activities against various plant pathogens.</P><P>Methods and Results: </P><P>Two polyacetylenic acids were isolated from <I>P. vulgaris</I> as active principles and identified as octadeca-9,11,13-triynoic acid and <I>trans</I>-octadec-13-ene-9,11-diynoic acid. These two compounds inhibited the growth of <I>Magnaporthe oryzae</I>, <I>Rhizoctonia solani</I>, <I>Phytophthora infestans</I>, <I>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</I>, <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I> f. sp. <I>raphani</I>, and <I>Phytophthora capsici</I>. In addition, these two compounds and the wettable powder-type formulation of an <I>n</I>-hexane fraction of <I>P. vulgaris</I> significantly suppressed the development of rice blast, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, and red pepper anthracnose.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>These data show that the extract of <I>P. vulgaris</I> and two polyacetylenic acids possess antifungal and antioomycete activities against a broad spectrum of tested plant pathogens.</P><P>Significance and Impact of the Study: </P><P>This is the first report on the occurrence of octadeca-9,11,13-triynoic acid and <I>trans</I>-octadec-13-ene-9,11-diynoic acid in <I>P. vulgaris</I> and their efficacy against plant diseases. The crude extract containing the two polyacetylenic acids can be used as a natural fungicide for the control of various plant diseases.</P>

Antiviral Triterpenes from Prunella vulgaris

Ryu, Shi-Yong,Lee, Chong-Kyo,Lee, Chong-Ock,Kim, Hae-Soo,Zee, Ok-Pyo The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1992 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.15 No.3

Two triterpenes 1 and 2 with antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro were isolated from Prunella vulgaris. Each compound caused a significant reduction in viral cytopathic effect when vero cells were exposed to them for 72 hours after viral challenge. They were identified as betulinic acid (1) and $2\alpha, 3\alpha$-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(2) on the basis of their spectroscopic properties. The antiviral activity of them was estimated as $EC_{50}=30\;\mu$g/ml(1) and $8\;\mu$g/ml(2), respectively by plaque reduction assay.

<i>In vitro</i> assessment of selected Korean plants for antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities

Lee, Seulah,Lee, Dahae,Baek, Jiwon,Jung, Eun Bee,Baek, Ji Yun,Lee, Il Kyun,Jang, Tae Su,Kang, Ki Sung,Kim, Ki Hyun TaylorFrancis 2017 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.55 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Context:</B> Antiacetylcholinesterase (AChE) drugs have been a main therapeutic treatment for Alzheimer’s disease because increased AChE levels play a key role in reducing neurotransmission.</P><P><B>Objectives:</B> Extracts from 35 Korean plants were selected and screened for antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity to explore new sources derived from Korean natural resources that could be used as AD therapeutic agents.</P><P><B>Materials and methods:</B> The antioxidant effect of extracts from 35 selected Korean plants was determined using two most common free radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS). Additionally, the effect of extracts, identified as antioxidants, on acetylcholinesterase inhibition was assessed by an acetylcholinesterase assay kit.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Out of 36 extracts of 35 plants tested, <I>Oenothera biennis</I> L. (9.09 μg/mL), <I>Saururus chinensis</I> (Lour.) Baill. (9.52 μg/mL) and <I>Betula platyphylla</I> var. <I>japonica</I> (9.85 μg/mL) showed strong DPPH scavenging activity. Twelve other extracts also exerted moderate free radical scavenging activities with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values ranging from 10 to 50 μg/mL. Antioxidant capacity detected by ABTS assay was only significant in <I>O. biennis</I> (23.40 μg/mL), while the other extracts were weak or unable to reduce the production of ABTS. Based on the antioxidant activities of these plant extracts, 19 extracts with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values less than 100 μg/mL in DPPH assay were selected for further AChE inhibition assay. Among the extracts tested, the IC<SUB>50</SUB> value for <I>Prunella vulgaris</I> var. <I>lilacina</I> NAKAI (18.83 μg/mL) in AChE inhibitory activity was the lowest, followed by <I>O. biennis</I> (20.09 μg/mL) and <I>Pharbitis nil</I> Chosy (22.79 μg/mL).</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> Considering complex multifactorial etiology of AD, the extracts of <I>P. vulgaris</I> var. <I>lilacina</I> (aerial part), <I>O. biennis</I> (seed) and <I>P. nil</I> (seed) may be safe and ideal candidates for future AD modifying therapies.</P>