인민대중제일주의와 법건설

박서화 ( Park Seohwa ) 동국대학교 북한학연구소 2023 북한학연구 Vol.19 No.1

The term ‘People-First Doctrine,’ which originally emerged as a description of the essential characteristics of ‘Kim Il Sung-Kim Jong Ilism,’ has been formalized as a political ideology as well as approach that should be implemented in the activities of the Party and the state. It has particularly been recognized as the ideology and approach that should be applied in the realm of legal construction, including legislative activities. The Ideology of Legal Construction Based on the People-First Doctrine, which encapsulates these thoughts, represents a new name for the existing Ideology of Socialist Legal State Construction. Both share a common goal of constructing a true ‘people’s country’ where the law protects the people and the people abide by the law, so the substantive differences between the two appear to be minimal. However, the change in terminology reflects North Korea’s passive attitude towards the expression “rule of law” or “legal state.” The specific aspects of the Ideology of Legal Construction Based on the People-First Doctrine become more evident through its implementation, particularly through the legislation of laws. The laws that have been newly adopted, modified, or supplemented in various fields during Kim Jong-un’s reign are intended to provide broad guarantees for the diverse interests of the people. Through this, the People-First Doctrine is understood as a comprehensive and flexible category.

개인정보침해로 인한 소비자의 부정적 감정의 탐색적 연구 : 자기관찰을 통한 근거이론분석을 중심으로

전상민 한국소비자정책교육학회 2014 소비자정책교육연구 Vol.10 No.4

현대정보화사회의 소비자는 개인정보침해에서 자유롭지 않고, 분노와 짜증, 당황 등의 부정적 감정을 경험한다. 본 연구는 일상생활 속에서 소비자가 느끼는 개인정보침해로 인한 부정적 감정에 초점을 맞추어 부정적 감정의 생성과 변화, 해소의 전 과정을 자기관찰을 통해 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 상세하고 사실적으로 파악하였다. 본 연구결과, 개인정보침해를 경험한 소비자는 분노, 짜증, 당황, 허무․허탈, 두려움, 걱정, 귀찮음 등의 총16가지 부정적 감정을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 이 중, 분노와 짜증, 당황이 주된 부정적 감정으로 나타났다. 이들을 근거이론의 조건-결과, 시간․구조적 관계 분석법에 따라 유형화한 결과, 초기-후속 감정과, 공격적-방어적감정으로 분류되었다. 이 중, 분노와 짜증 등의 공격적 감정은 생성 빈도와 감정 강도가 높아 대표적인 부정적감정 유형으로 나타났고, 이미지 손상(낙인)과 금전적 손실, 대기업의 미흡한 대처 등으로 인해 생성되었다. 공격적 감정은 항의와 이탈 등 적극적이면서 건설적인 행동 반응으로 이어졌으며, 시간 경과에 따라 일부 해소되거나 허무․허탈과 좌절 등의 후속 감정을 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 부정적 감정은 개인정보침해 사건의 미해결과 개인정보처리자의 미흡한 대처로 인하여 해소되지 않고 후속 감정으로 이어지거나. 포기 혹은 회피․은둔과 같은 소극적이면서 파괴적인 행동 반응으로 나타났다. 개인정보침해로 인한 부정적 감정에 대한 행동반응은 무시에서 시작하여 항의․고발, 이탈, 자구책을 통한 유지, 포기, 회피․은둔 등으로 다양하였고, 행동 반응 결과는 시스템의 무용과 자기 자신의 무용, 개인정보침해 사건의 미해결 및 일상화로 나타나 부정적 감정과부정적 행동 반응이 악순환 되는 모습을 보였다. 본 연구는 개인정보침해의 피해를 구제하는 정부 및 상담기관과소비자교육기관, 기업 등 개인정보처리자, 그리고 소비자 감정을 연구하는 학계에 유용한 기초자료와 시사점을제공하였다. In modern information society, consumers are not free from infringement on personal informationand, as a result, they experience negative emotions such as anger, irritation, and embarrassment. This study focuses on consumers' negative emotions caused by daily infringement on personalinformation. The study demonstrates the evolution of the negative emotion process, whichinvolves the formation, change, and relief of negative emotions using a self-observation andconstructing grounded theory. It was found that consumers felt 16 negative emotions, such as anger, irritation, embarrassment,fear, anxiety, and annoyance, when they experienced infringement on personal information. Amongthem, anger, irritation, and embarrassment were exhibited most frequently. Initial/following,and aggressive/passive emotion categories were revealed based on condition-consequence andtime-constructive relationship methods of constructing grounded theory. Aggressive emotionssuch as anger and irritation, which have the highest frequencies and levels of occurrence, werethe most typical emotion types. Consumers felt aggressive emotions when their own imageswere tarnished, their money was stolen, or their personal information were not managed well bymajor companies. Consumers with aggressive emotions showed active and constructive behavioralresponses such as voicing and exiting. Gradually, the aggressive emotions were relieved partlyor extended to the following emotions, depression and frustration. Most negative emotions thatwere not relieved led to following emotions with passive and unconstructive behavioral responses such as abandonment, reclusion, and evasion because of an unresolved infringement problemsand personal information managers’ poor ability to cope with them. Negative behavioral responseswere shown in the form of neglect, voicing, exiting, remaining with self-plans, abandonment,reclusion, and evasion. The consequences of negative behavioral responses were inadequatesocial security systems and incompetent consumers, and it led to unresolved and continuousinfringement problems, including a vicious circle of negative emotions and behavioral responses. The study provided useful data and suggestions on handling infringement issues for publicagencies, counsellors, consumer education agencies, and managers of personal information suchas businesses and researchers on consumer emotions.

인간중심 표현예술치료를 적용한 진로상담 프로그램 사례 연구

정주원 한국예술교육학회 2024 예술교육연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 직업 중심 진로상담의 문제점을 인식하고 그것의 대안으로서 Savickas(2016)의 진로 구성 이론(Career Construction Theory)과 Rogers(2007)의 인간중심 표현예술치료(Person-Centered Expressive Arts Therapy)에 근거한 정체성 중심 진로상담 프로그램에 관한 사례 연구이다. 이를 위해 먼저 진로 구성이론과 인간중심 표현예술치료에서 진로상담의 이론적 근거를 마련하였으며, 각 3명으로 구성된 두 집단에 진로상담을 시행하였다. 진로 구성 이론은 삶의 경험에 관한 이야기를 통해 내러티브 정체성을 구성하지만, 이는오직 언어와 문자로 이루어진다는 점에서 내담자의 풍부한 경험을 축소하거나, 글쓰기에 관한 심리적 부담감을 가지게 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 진로 구성 이론에서 목표하는 한편의 커리어 에세이를 작성하기 위하여 인간중심 표현예술치료에 근거한 표현예술 작업을 함께 시행하였다. 연구결과 두 이론의 통합적 적용이 내담자의 자기이해와 정체성 탐색에 효과적이며, 미적 교육의 기회를 제공한다는 점을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 기존의직업 중심 진로상담에 새로운 관점을 제시하고 예술교육의 영역을 확장한다는 점에서 학문적·실천적 가치가있을 것으로 기대된다. This study recognizes the problems of job-oriented career counseling and suggests alternative ca- reer counseling. For the study, identity-oriented career counseling based on Savickas' Career Construction Theory and Rogers' Person-Centered Express Arts Therapy was conducted as a case study. First, a theoretical basis was established through literature analysis of the Career Construction Theory and Person-Centered Express Arts Therapy. After that, career counseling integrating the two theories was conducted for two groups of three. The Career Construction Theory constructs narrative identity through stories about life experiences. However, since this consultation is conducted only in language and text, it simplifies the client's experience and creates a psychological burden of writing. To solve this problem, the career essay writing of the Career Construction Theory was conducted with Express Arts work. As a result of the study, it was found that the integrated application of the two theories was effective for the client's self-understanding and identity search, and provided an op- portunity for aesthetic education. Career counseling in this study is expected to have academic and practical value in that it presents a new perspective on existing job-oriented career counseling and expands the field of art education.

인문,사회과학편 : 슈퍼 엘리트급 선수들의 정신력 개념 구조 탐색; Kelly의 개인구성이론을 중심으로

박혜주(HyeJuPark) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 스포츠 정신력 개념과 특성을 선수생활 전(全)과정에 걸쳐 선수 개인의 성장과 발달관점에서 새롭게 정립하는 것이다. 이를 위해 올림픽과 세계선수권 대회에서 최고의 성적을 보여준 슈퍼엘리트 급 선수12명을 대상으로 Kelly의 개인구성이론에 근거하여 개인인터뷰를 시행하여 근거이론방법에 의해 패러다임 모형으로구성하였다. 연구결과, 슈퍼엘리트 선수들은 고강도 훈련으로 운동기본기를 형성하며 올림픽 시합을 통해 정신력이보다 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 슈퍼엘리트 선수들이 훈련과 시합 경험에서 보여주는 정신력 특성에서 완벽성, 인내심, 집중력, 자신감, 간절함, 조절력, 투지력과 같은 정신력 개념들을 추출할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 정신력의 특성들이 탁월할 수 있었던 이유는 슈퍼 엘리트 선수들이 선수 생활 전과정을 통해 자기조절력이 길러졌기 때문인 것으로본다. 그러므로 정신력은 충분한 훈련과 노력을 통해 후천적으로 길러질 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was newly established the concept and characteristics of the Sports Mental Toughness throughoutcareer before whole process growth and development from the perspective of the individual athletes. The Olympic Games andthe World Championships in the super elite athletes showed the 12 people targeted based on the theory of Kelly’s personalconstruct with a personal interview conducted by the method of grounded theory paradigm model was constructed. Theresults presented that super elite athletes formed the fundamentals of sport through high intensity training then mentaltoughness more enhanced through the Olympic game. Super elite athletes in training and competition experience shows mentalcharacteristics such as perfectionism, patience, concentration, confidence, desire to win, mental control, and fighting spiritconcepts that could be extracted. Such characteristics are excellent Spirit was able to have his career because the super eliteathletes through the entire process to be considered due to self regulation is brought gotten. Therefore, mental toughness canraise through sufficient training and effort in the course of their lifetme.

인간 인지 지식의 표현과 해석을 위한 지능형 시스템 설계 방법

주영도(Young-Do Joo) 한국산업정보학회 2011 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

인지 과학의 주제가 되는 인간의 정신과 행동 양식을 컴퓨터 시스템으로 구현하려는 연구는 인공지능 분야에서 관심이 높다. 본 논문은 이간의 인지과정을 처리하기 위한 지능형 시스템 설계 방법론을 제안한다. 연구는 도시공학 분야에 응용되었고, 심리학 이론인 개인 컨스트럭트 이론에 수리적인 퍼지 관계 이론을 적용하여 도시 주민이 갖고 있는 인지 지식의 획득과 표현 방법을 구현한다. 연구목표는 도시 환경과 상호 작용을 하고 있는 도시 주민의 심리학적 인식을 정형화하고 이를 분석함으로 그들의 의견과 경험을 반영하여, 다양한 도시 문제 해결에 기여하는 자문 시스템 개발에 초점을 두고 있다. 방법론적으로 인간의 인지 지식 구현에 해당하는 인지 구조를 도출하고, 인지 구조를 통해 도시 주민의 사고와 인식 작용을 해석하고 분석한다. 제안하는 퍼지 관계론적 기법은 기존의 통계적인 방법과 달리 논리에 기반하여 인간의 심리 시스템을 구조화하고 파악하는 새로운 접근 방법이다. The development of computer-based modeling system has allowed the operationalization of cognitive science issues. Human cognition has become one of most interesting research subjects in artificial intelligence to emulate human mentality and behavior. This paper introduces a methodology well-suited for designing the intelligent system of human cognition. The research investigates how to elicit and represent cognitive knowledge obtained from individual city-dwellers through the application of fuzzy relational theory to personal construct theory. Crucial to this research is to implement formally and process interpretatively the psychological cognition of urbanites who interact with their environment in order to offer useful advice on urban problem. What is needed is a techniques to analyze cognitive structures which are embodiments of this perceptive knowledge for human being.

한국근현대사에서 공생적 관점의 도입과 협동조합운동사

이경란(Lee Kyung Ran) 한국사학회 2014 史學硏究 Vol.- No.116

사회적 경제와 공유론, 그리고 공생사회론은 국가-사회-개인의 상호협력사회구조를 만들고, 시민의 주체성이 살아있는 사람중심의 사회경제로 전환하자는 사회운동과 연결되어 있다. 한국사회를 분단과 갈등, 자본주의의 확대라는 관점에서 보면 이런 균형을 만들어가려는 움직임은 잘 보이지 않는다. 이 연구는 일제하 신국가건설론과 남북한 협동조합운동의 흐름을 검토하면서 한국근현대사 속에서 공생사회를 지향하는 움직임이 어떻게 맥락화되었는가를 살펴본다. 해방 후 남북한에서 제기되었던 협동조합정책은 일제하에 형성된 여러 세력들의 국가론 / 경제론과 연결된 협동조합론 사이의 협력과 경쟁의 과정이자 결과물이었다. 그리고 남과 북의 경제체제는 공통적으로 협동조합을 사회의 기초에 놓고 있다. 특히 북한의 인민민주주의체제와 남한의 제헌헌법에서 제기하는 균등경제체제는 토지개혁과 협동조합, 도시와 농촌(공업과 농업) 사이의 생산물교환체계, 노동권 보장, 중요산업국유화 등 공유와 공생사회경제를 실현하고자 했던 시도들이었다. Social economy, public ownership theory, and mutual society theory are connected to social movement, which insists to create a balance and mutual structure of nation-society-individual. And It would change to human centered social economy where citizens" independence is alive. To see Korean society from the viewpoint of Division, social conflict, and the expansion of capitalism, the movement to create this balance is invisible. This research investigated the contextualization of the movement which aims for mutual society in Korean modern history by reviewing South and North Korea cooperative movement and New Nation construction theory under Japanese Imperialism. Cooperative society policy, which was raised in South and North Korea after liberation was the process as well as the output of cooperation and competition between cooperative theory connected with the theory of the State/economic theory of various influences formed under Japanese Imperialism. Also, economic system of South and North Korea is in common based on cooperative society as the basis of society. Particularly, people"s democracy system of North Korea, which was at the initial stage of nation construction and equal economic system which was raised by the first constitution of South Korea, nevertheless difference in the content and application period, were the attempts to realize sharing and symbiotic social economy, e.g. reformation and cooperative society, products exchange system between city and rural community (industry and agriculture), guarantee of labor rights, major industry nationalization, etc.

法人의 能力

박찬주(Park Chan-Ju) 한국법학원 2008 저스티스 Vol.- No.108

필자는 본고를 통해 주장하고자 하는 점은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 법인의 『정관상의 목적』에 법인의 능력을 제한하는 기능을 부여할 것이냐, 아니면 단순히 대표권에 대한 제한으로서만 기능할 것이냐, 법인의 기능을 제한한다고 보는 경우에 그 제한이 권리능력에 대한 제한규정이냐, 행위능력에 대한 제한규정이냐를 결정하는 것은 입법자의 입법정책의 문제에 속한다. 이에 대한 입법적 결단은 법인설립에 관한 입법주의와 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있다. 우리 입법자는 비영리법인에 대하여 허가주의를 취함과 동시(민법 제32조)에 비영리법인의 정관상의 목적은 권리능력에 대한 제한의 기능을 하는 것으로 결단을 하였다(동법 제34조). 그러나 상법에서는 회사에 대해 준칙주의를 취하기 때문에 『정관상의 목적』은 반드시 회사의 능력과 관련시켜 규정할 필요는 없다. 여기에서 『비영리법인』의 정관상의 목적과 『회사』의 정관상의 목적은 제3자에 대한 기능하는 방식이 다른가 하는 점이 문제된다. 비영리법인에 대한 민법 제34조의 명문규정, 즉 제34조는 단순히 법인대표자의 대표권행사를 제한할 뿐 이라는 설이나, 회사의 『정관상의 목적』과 관련한 상법학자들의 통설은 『정관상의 목적』이 등기사항의 하나이기는 있지만 법인 또는 회사와 거래하는 제3자가 등기부등본을 열람하지 아니하는 것이 보통인 현실에서 거래 안전을 위해 선의의 제3자에 대하여는 目的外行爲임을 이유로 무효를 주장할 수 없는 것으로 해석하고 있다. 그러나 필자는 이러한 해석은 登記의 推定力이나 등기된 사항에 대한 擬制惡意理論에 비추어 잘못임을 밝히고 있다. 다만 우리 입법자가 민법 제34조를 권리능력의 제한이라는 측면에서 접근한 것은 잘못이고, 『정관상의 목적』을 법인이나 회사의 능력과 결부시키기보다는 의제악의이론과의 측면에서 규정하였더라면 오늘날의 학설 대립은 생기지 않았을 것임을 지적하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 권리능력 이외에도 법인의 능력으로 문제되는 행위능력과 불법행위능력에 대해 간략한 고찰을 하고 있다. The writer's assertions of this article can be recapitulated as follows. It belongs to the legislative policy what kind of function can be conferred on the prescribed objects of a legal person' Article, i. e. whether the prescribed objects limit the legal person's capacity or the power of the representative/s, and if we hold the latter opinion, the limited capacity should denote legal capacity or can be construed as capacity to act. Lawmaker's decision about this policy is closely related with the legislative policy about formation of legal person. The Korean Lawmakers take the doctrine of permission in incorporating non-profit-making legal person (Civil Act §32), and the scope of the objects of its Article determines legal capacity of the legal person (Civil Act §34). But as the lawmakers take the doctrine of general standard in incorporating company (Commercial Act §172), so the law maker is free to match objects of company's Article with its capacity. We are confronted the problem whether the objects of no-profit-making legal person functions differently with those of company. Some scholars of Civil Act and almost all the present scholars of Commercial Act assert that, though objects of the Article belong to particulars to be registered, ultra vires act concluded with the third party in good faith does not make void. This sort of interpretation bases on the protection of transaction. The writer asserts this interpretation contradict the presumption doctrine of registration or doctrine of constructive notice. But the writer does not support the lawmakers decision to relate the objects of the Article with legal capacity of legal person. The complicated confronting opinions are largely derived from lawmakers' erroneous decision, and those confrontation cannot be raised if the lawmakers clearly relate the objects of the Article with the doctrine of constructive notice. This article treats other capacities of legal person such as capacity to act ot capacity of doli copax.

온톨로지를 이용한 전문가지식 표현 메커니즘 설계 및 의사결정성과에 관한 실증연구 -구매 전문가 지식 사례를 중심으로-

배영일 한국경영정보학회 2008 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

Comprehensive Model of Sustainable Production Development through a Transition from Industrial Production Towards Ecological Production

Mohammad ali Shariat,Soleyman Iranzadeh,Alireza Bafandeh Zendeh 대한산업공학회 2017 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.16 No.4

In recent decades, there has been substantial environmental pressure on manufacturing companies for predict the economic benefits of their processes and products and assessing the environmental and social effects of their performance. As a result, promotion of production processes and products by preserving the social, economic, and environmental benefits has become one of the objectives of most companies. This demand has also directly pursued by customers who wish their products to be built in a sustainable manner. Therefore, this has caused manufacturing companies around the world face a new challenge of maintaining their competitive position in the market by developing and implementing sustainable production practices and tools and pursue sustainable development aiming at social, economic, and environmental issues in the process of development. The concept of sustainable production, closely associated with sustainable development, was firstly proposed in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. In this conference, it was concluded that the main cause of environmental destruction is the unsustainable pattern of production and consumption, especially in industrial countries. Whereas sustainable consumption is targeted at consumers, sustainable production deals with companies and organizations producing goods or providing services. Focusing on business sustainability, the present paper aimed to identify dimensions of sustainable production with an ecological approach from the perspective of managers of successful industrial companies in Semnan Province, Iran and then propose a model of sustainable production. To this end, 33 successful managers in this province with at least 5 years of continuous activity were interviewed using the repertory grid technique and 33 personal repertory grids were developed. In addition, a total of 175 initial personal constructs of sustainable production were identified. Finally, through the analysis of these constructs, the collective grid of sustainable production consisting of 87 secondary constructs in 11 sections was plotted. These constructs were analyzed and classified using cluster analysis in SPSS and finally a model of sustainable production with 11 pillars and 87 constructs in 4 sections was developed.

Comprehensive Model of Sustainable Production Development through a Transition from Industrial Production Towards Ecological Production

Shariat, Mohammad ali,Iranzadeh, Soleyman,Zendeh, Alireza Bafandeh Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2017 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.16 No.4

In recent decades, there has been substantial environmental pressure on manufacturing companies for predict the economic benefits of their processes and products and assessing the environmental and social effects of their performance. As a result, promotion of production processes and products by preserving the social, economic, and environmental benefits has become one of the objectives of most companies. This demand has also directly pursued by customers who wish their products to be built in a sustainable manner. Therefore, this has caused manufacturing companies around the world face a new challenge of maintaining their competitive position in the market by developing and implementing sustainable production practices and tools and pursue sustainable development aiming at social, economic, and environmental issues in the process of development. The concept of sustainable production, closely associated with sustainable development, was firstly proposed in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. In this conference, it was concluded that the main cause of environmental destruction is the unsustainable pattern of production and consumption, especially in industrial countries. Whereas sustainable consumption is targeted at consumers, sustainable production deals with companies and organizations producing goods or providing services. Focusing on business sustainability, the present paper aimed to identify dimensions of sustainable production with an ecological approach from the perspective of managers of successful industrial companies in Semnan Province, Iran and then propose a model of sustainable production. To this end, 33 successful managers in this province with at least 5 years of continuous activity were interviewed using the repertory grid technique and 33 personal repertory grids were developed. In addition, a total of 175 initial personal constructs of sustainable production were identified. Finally, through the analysis of these constructs, the collective grid of sustainable production consisting of 87 secondary constructs in 11 sections was plotted. These constructs were analyzed and classified using cluster analysis in SPSS and finally a model of sustainable production with 11 pillars and 87 constructs in 4 sections was developed.