실내운동심상과 창의성의 부적 관계

Yun Chul Shin,Jessica Seung Yoon Sung,Su Jin Lee 한국인사조직학회 2016 한국인사ㆍ조직학회 발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

This research examines whether motor imagery-simply imagining specific body movements-can be substituted for physical exerciseinfluencing on creativity. Prior research in neural, sports, and medical science has documented that motor imagery has surprisingly beneficial effects related to physical and psychological outcomes. Our research reveals a negative effect of motor imagery: imagining indoor exercise hampers creativity.Our results show that an indoor-motor-imagery group demonstrated decreased creativity compared with the baseline group (Experiment 1). We subsequently replicated this pattern using actual physical exercise (Experiment 2). The explanation is that indoor motor imagery (focusing on concrete body movements within a circumscribed space) orients people toward low-level, confined thinking and hampers high-level, unbounded thinking. Thus, the difference between the indoor-motor-imagery and the baseline groups on creativity was observed only under a high-level construal and not under a low-level construal (Experiment 3). People should be aware of a side effect of indoor motor imagery (i.e., creativity diminishment) when they intend to use motor imagery for physical health or other benefits.

내적심상 시 대뇌피질 일차운동영역에서의 혈류역학 반응

이환곤,양정수 한국웰니스학회 2017 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this study is to testify statistical significance about hemodynamic response on the primary motor area of cerebral cortex between voluntary movement and motor imagery. To achieve this purpose, near-infrared spectroscopy was employed as research device, and through two experimental procedures which were individually included execution and imagery task for hand grasping individually, changes of hemoglobin concentration were recorded and analyzed. The results of this study were such as following: Changes for concentration of hemoglobin between resting and motor imagery task were statistically significant differences. Through changes for amplitudes and temporal changes for hemoglobin concentration between two experimental procedures, it was identified that neural activity for hand execution was bigger than that of the other task on the primary motor area, and faster than that of the other task on the same area. Although the results of amplitudes and temporal analysis for hemoglobin concentration between two experimental procedures were statistically significant differences, it was proved that the primary motor area of cerebral cortex is activated by the imagery task. Therefore, through the results of this study, we came to the conclusion that motor imagery is able to affect positively the improvement of sport performance as similar to voluntary movement in human body. 본 연구는 대뇌피질 일차운동영역에서의 혈류역학 반응을 통하여, 인체의 수의적 움직임 시와 내적심상 시 간 뇌의 활성영역에 대한 통계적 유의성을 규명하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 근적외선 분광법을 연구도구로써 활용하였으며, 손을 쥐었다 펴는 움직임과 동일한 움직임을 상상만 하는 두 가지의 실험을 통해 해당 뇌 영역에서의 헤모글로빈 농도 변화를 측정 및 분석하였다. 그 결과, 안정 시와 내적심상 시 간 유의미한 헤모글로빈의 농도 변화를 확인하였다. 손 움직임 시와 내적심상 시 간 헤모글로빈 농도의 크기 변화를 통해 손 움직임 시가 내적심상 시 보다 해당 영역에서의 활성도가 더 컸음을 확인하였으며, 시간 분석을 통해 손 움직임 시가 내적심상 시 보다 더 빠른 혈류역학 반응을 보임을 확인하였다. 비록, 손 움직임 시와 내적심상 시 간 대뇌피질 일차운동영역에서의 혈류역학 반응의 크기와 시간 분석에 따른 결과는 유의미한 차이를 보였지만, 내적심상 시에도 손 움직임 시와 동일하게 대뇌피질 일차운동영역이 활성 됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 통해, 내적심상이 인체의 수의적 움직임과 유사하게 운동수행능력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

팔꿈치 굴곡과 신전활동에 대한 운동심상과 활동관찰시의 뇌파패턴 변화

김태호(Tae Ho Kim),박상범(Sang Bum Park) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of applying action observation as an alternative approach to motor imagery by analyzing the electroencephalogram patterns of cerebral cortex during motor imagery and action observation of elbow flexion and extension. Twelve male university students imagined and observed elbow flexion and extension of left, right, and both arms in the motor imagery and action observation condition respectively. EEG data were measured during motor imagery and action observation from the specific scalp areas including C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, and O2. Analysis of the relative alpha power revealed significant differences among certain types of imagined action in the sensorimotor(C3, C4, P3, P4) and occipital cortex(O1, O2) during motor imagery, displaying increasing tendency during action imagination compared to the resting state. During action observation, however, the relative alpha power showed significant differences among the types of observed action in the sensorimotor and occipital cortex, displaying significant decreases during action observation compared to the resting state. Analysis of relative beta power revealed no differences among the types of imagined action in the sensorimotor and occipital cortex during motor imagery. During action observation, however, the relative beta power showed significant differences among the types of observed action in the sensorimotor and occipital cortex, displaying significant increases during action observation compared to the resting state. Taken together, these results suggest that action observation may generate stronger cognitive activity than motor imagery. Therefore, action observation can be applied to the motor learning and/or rehabilitation situations as an alternative approach to motor imagery.

움직임 상상 기반 뇌-컴퓨터 인터페이스를 위한 운동 심상, 실행, 관찰 뇌파 비교 분석

권다은,황민주,권지현,신예은,안민규 대한의용생체공학회 2022 의공학회지 Vol.43 No.6

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a technology that allows users with motor disturbance to control machines by brainwaves without a physical controller. Motor imagery (MI)-BCI is one of the popular BCI techniques, but it needs a long calibration time for users to perform a mental task that causes high fatigue to the users. MI is reported as showing a similar neural mechanism as motor execution (ME) and motor observation (MO). However, integrative investigations of these three tasks are rarely conducted. In this study, we propose a new paradigm that incorporates three tasks (MI, ME, and MO) and conducted a comparative analysis. For this study, we collected Electroencephalograms (EEG) of motor imagery/execution/observation from 28 healthy subjects and investigated alpha event-related (de)syn- chronization (ERD/ERS) and classification accuracy (left vs. right motor tasks). As result, we observed ERD and ERS in MI, MO and ME although the timing is different across tasks. In addition, the MI showed strong ERD on the contralateral hemisphere, while the MO showed strong ERD on the ipsilateral side. In the classification analysis using a Riemannian geom- etry-based classifier, we obtained classification accuracies as MO (66.34%), MI (60.06%) and ME (58.57%). We con- clude that there are similarities and differences in fundamental neural mechanisms across the three motor tasks and that these results could be used to advance the current MI-BCI further by incorporating data from ME and MO.

골프퍼팅에 대한 운동심상과 활동관찰시의 뇌 활성화 패턴 차이

김태호(TaeHoKim),박상범(SangBumPark),하준호(JunHoHa) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.3

본 실험의 목적은 골프퍼팅 장면에 대한 운동심상과 활동관찰시의 뇌 활성화 패턴을 분석함으로써 운동심상과 활동관찰의 작용기전 차이를 검토하는 것이다. 남자 대학생 18명이 피험자로 참여하였으며, 활동관찰, 눈뜬 심상, 그리고 눈감은 심상 집단에 각각 6명씩 무작위로 배정되었다. 실험과정에서 활동관찰집단은 모델의 퍼팅수행 장면을 관찰하였으며, 심상집단들은 눈을 감거나 뜬 상태에서 퍼팅수행 장면을 심상하였다. 피험자가 과제를 수행하는 동안 세 부위의 뇌영역(C3, Cz, C4)으로부터 뇌파를 측정하였으며, 측정된 자료로부터 뮤리듬의 억제를 계산하였다. 계산된 변수는 마지막 두 변수가 반복측정된 집단(3) × 거리(3) × 뇌영역(3)의 삼원분산분석에 의해 분석되었다. 뮤리듬의 억제는 두 심상집단에 비해 활동관찰집단에서 유의하게 억제되었다. 이러한 결과는 활동관찰이 과제의 실제수행에 관여하는 뇌영역을 운동심상보다 효과적으로 활성화시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in mechanisms of motor imagery and action observation by analyzing the brain activation pattern during motor imagery and action observation of golf putting. 18 male university students participated as subjects, and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: action observation, motor imagery with eyes open, and motor imagery with eyes closed. During the experiment, the action observation group observed the putting performance of a model, whereas other groups performed motor imagery of golf putting with either eyes open or eyes closed. While participants performed the experimental tasks, EEG activities were measured from three brain areas, C3, Cz, and C4, from which the suppression of mu rhythm was calculated. Calculated variable was analyzed by three-way ANOVAs (3 groups x 3 distances x 3 brain areas) with repeated measures on the last two factors. The suppression of mu rhythm was suppressed significantly in the action observation group, compared to motor imagery groups. This result suggests that action observation can activate the brain areas involved in the performance of actual task more effectively than motor imagery.

Neural Substrates of Motor Imagery : Event-related Functional MRI Study 관련 기능적 자기공명영상 연구

Yoo, Seung-Schik,Choi, Byung Gil,Chung, Kyu-In,Lee, Chang-Uk 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.6

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 가상운동 과정 시 대뇌 어느 부위가 활성화되는지를 알아보기 위하여 사건-관련 기능적 자기공명영상을 통해 평가하였다. 방 법 : 9명의 오른손잡이 정상인들에게 뇌 전 영역을 포괄한 일련의 T2강조 자기공명 영상을 얻기 위해 1.5 Tesla 자기공명 영상장치를 사용하였다. 음성 자극 신호에 따라 오른손을 쥐는 상상을 하게 한 후, 그 결과 발생하는 가상 운동과 연관된 혈중 산화 수준-의존성 신호 변화들을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 측정된 자료를 group 분석한 결과 내측 상부 전두회, 설상엽, 도, 중/상부 측두회, 전대상회가 활성화 되었으며 이는 양측 일차운동영역, 전운동영역, 보조운동영역에서 사건-관련 자기공명 신호 변화가 있었음을 보여주었다. 또한 한 쪽 손만 쥐는 상상을 했을 때도 양측의 운동영역들이 활성화되었고 조가비핵, 창백핵, 시상 등의 피질하 부위도 활성화되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 가상운동에 의해 운동경로에 관여된 피질, 피질하 영역들이 시각화되어 가사운동이 실제 운동의 뇌신경 부위와 공유한다는 사실을 확인하였다. objectives : We report event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) methodology to investigate human brain activity during motor imagery. Methods : A 1.5 Tesla clinical MR scanner was used in the acquisition fo a sries of T2^* weighted MR images covering the whole brain. Blood oxygenation level-dependent(BOLD) signal changes assoiated with the imagery event were subsequently detected while healthy right-handed subjects imagined clenching of a right hand cued by auditory stimulus. Results : Group analysis across nine right-handed subjects revealed activations in the medial and superior frontal gyri, cuneus, insula, middle/superior temporal gyri, and anterior cingulate gyri. Bilateral primary motor, premotor and supplementary motor areas exhibited event-related MR signal change. Although unilateral hand clenching was imagined, bilateral activation of eloquent motor areas was observed. The proposed method also allowed for the visualization of subcortical areas, such as putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus, responsive to the event of motor imagery. Conclusion : The major cortical and subcortical areas in the motor pathways were identified and visualized during motor imagery event. Our results suggest that motor imagery and actual movement share common neural substrate.

Exploring Brain Activation during Motor Execution and Motor Imagery: The Role of Motor Cortex (C3 and C4) and fNIRS

( Dahee Yoon ),( Jaeuk Jin ),( Wuon-shik Kim ),( Sun-mi Choi ),( Jaeuk Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2023 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2023 No.-

This document explored the neural mechanisms underpinning motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI), focusing on the motor cortex’s critical regions, C3 and C4. These areas are instrumental in coordinating movements, adhering to a contralateral organization. To investigate these processes, we employed functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during ME and MI. Our experimental results obtained through fNIRS revealed contralateral patterns of brain activation, illustrating contralateral activation in the absence of actual movement.

Effect of Motor Imagery on the F-Wave Parameters in Hemiparetic Stroke Survivors

Mahshid Naseri,Peyman Petramfar,Alireza Ashraf 대한재활의학회 2015 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.39 No.3

Objective To assess the effect of motor imagery, as a rehabilitation method in stroke, on F-wave parameters that undergo changes during upper motor neuron involvement. Methods Twenty-one fully conscious hemiparetic stroke survivors with a completely plegic hand (power 0/5) and a minimum interval of 72 hours since stroke were recruited into this study. The mean F-wave latency, amplitude, and persistence in the median and ulnar nerves were measured in both the affected and non-affected sides at rest and in the paretic hand during a mental task. Comparison was made between data from the affected hand and the non-affected hand as well as between data from the affected hand at baseline and during motor imagery. Results Patients had significantly different F-wave persistence between the affected and non-affected sides (paired t-test, p<0.001). Motor imagery could improve F-wave persistence in both the investigated nerves (paired t-test, p=0.01 for ulnar nerve and p<0.001 for median nerve) and F-response amplitude in the median nerve (paired t-test, p=0.01) of the affected limb. Conclusion The amplitude and persistence of F-wave were improved during motor imagery, representing F-wave facilitation. This result suggests that motor imagery can restore motor neuron excitability, which is depressed after stroke.

외적심상과 내적심상 시 대뇌피질 일차운동영역에서의 혈류역학 반응 비교

이환곤(LeeHwan-Gon),양정수(YangJung-Su) 한국체육학회 2019 한국체육학회지 Vol.58 No.2

본 연구는 근적외선 분광법을 이용하여, 외적심상과 내적심상 간 대뇌피질 일차운동영역에서의 혈류역학 반응 비교를 통해, 신경생리적인 관점에서 두 심상 간 효과의 차이를 규명하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 피험자는 내적심상 시 손을 쥐었다 펴는 움직임을 상상하였으며, 외적심상 시에는 모니터를 통해 제시된 내적심상 시와 동일한 손의 움직임을 시각적으로 관찰하였다. 혈류역학 반응은 해당 뇌 영역에서 산화헤모글로빈 농도의 측정 및 분석을 통해 비교하였으며, 연구 결과, 안정 시와 비교하여 두 심상 모두에서 유의미한 산화헤모글로빈 농도의 변화를 확인하였다. 외적심상과 내적심상 간 산화헤모글로빈 농도의 변화는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었으며, 두 심상 모두에서 유의미한 심상 효과를 확인하였다. 또한, 외적심상 시 오른손과 왼손 심상 간 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해, 외적심상과 내적심상 모두 효과적이라는 결론을 얻었으며, 각 심상 시 최적의 수행 여건을 도출하기 위한 후속연구의 필요성을 제안한다. The purpose of this study is to verify the differences of effect between both imageries in the viewpoint of neurophysiology by comparing the hemodynamic response on the primary motor area of cerebral cortex using the near-infrared spectroscopy. For this purpose, the subjects imagined the motion of grasping the hand during internal imagery, and visually observed the motion of the hand, which was the same as that of internal imagery presented through the monitor during external imagery. Hemodynamic responses were compared by measuring and analyzing the concentration of oxy-hemoglobin in the brain region, and the results of this study showed a significant change in the concentration of oxy-hemoglobin in all both imageries compared to the resting phases. And it did not show statistically significant differences through changes for concentration of oxy-hemoglobin between external and internal imagery, and it was verified that both imageries have significant imagery effects. Also, during external imagery, there was statistically significant difference between right and left hand imagery. Through the results of this study, it was concluded that both external and internal imageries are effective, and we suggest the necessity of additional follow-up research to derive optimal performance condition from each imagery.

상상운동이 기능적 발목관절 불안정성 환자의 하퇴 근육 근수축 개시시간 및 발목손상 척도에 미치는 영향

임형원,Lim, Hyoung-Won 대한물리치료학회 2012 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motor imagery on the onset time of the leg muscle and ankle injury score of patients with functional ankle instability. Methods: The study included 16 patients with ankle instability after their ankle sprains. Motor imagery was performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The onset time of leg muscles was measured by using the surface EMG in one leg standing position on tibialis anterior, peroneous longus and medial, lateral gastrocnemius. The pre- and post-intervention was measured by using the ankle injury score. Data was analyzed by a paired t-test. Results: The onset time was reduced but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The order of muscle recruitment was changed. Anke injury score increased significantly after motor imagery (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that motor imagery was effective by showing delayed onset time of peroneal muscle in patients with functional ankle instability. In future studies, various conditions and disorders should all be considered for the effective analysis of motor imagery.