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Kang Chan-mo,Lee Hyunkoo 한국정보디스플레이학회 2022 Journal of information display Vol.23 No.1
Microdisplays have been used in various applications such as beam projectors, view finders of digital cameras, projection TVs, night vision for military use, and augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) devices. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays have attracted much attention as main displays of glass-type and head-mounted-type AR/VR devices due to their rich colors, high contrast ratio, fast response time, small form factor, and high resolution. This review investigates the device, process, pixel circuit, and panel technologies for OLED microdisplays. In addition, the technology status and issues of OLED microdisplays are discussed.
Seong Ji Lee,Chan-mo Kang,Jin-Wook Shin,Dae Hyun Ahn,주철웅,Hyunsu Cho,Nam Sung Cho,Hyoc Min Youn,Young Jae An,Jin Sun Kim,Jonghee Lee,이현구 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.105 No.-
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays have attracted considerable attention owing to theirlow power consumption, rapid response, high contrast ratio, and self-luminescence. To expand the use ofOLED microdisplays, high luminance and vivid color are required. Herein, we developed a highluminance,low-voltage, three-wavelength, top-emitting white OLED (WOLED) using a silicon substratefor complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-based, full-color microdisplay applications. Optimalthickness of the emitting layer and thickness and position of the interlayer were determined to improvedevice performance. The device exhibited luminance of 4,200 cd/m2 at 3.3 V, and the maximum luminancereached 170,000 cd/m2 at 11.4 V. In addition, red, green, and blue color filters were deposited ontothe WOLED after the thin-film encapsulation process to verify feasibility of the device for full-colormicrodisplay applications. The color gamut of the developed WOLED with color filters was 136% comparedto sRGB. The maximum luminance and color gamut of the developed device is among the highestvalues obtained to date for OLED microdisplays.
Aspects of a head-mounted eye-tracker based on a bidirectional OLED microdisplay
Baumgarten, Judith,Schuchert, Tobias,Voth, Sascha,Wartenberg, Philipp,Richter, Bernd,Vogel, Uwe The Korean Infomation Display Society 2012 Journal of information display Vol.13 No.2
In today's mobile world, small and lightweight information systems are becoming increasingly important. Microdisplays are the base for several near-to-eye display devices. The addition of an integrated image sensor significantly boosts the range of applications. This paper describes the base-building block for these systems: the bidirectional organic light-emitting diode microdisplay. A small and lightweight optic design, an eye-tracking algorithm, and interaction concepts are also presented.
Aspects of a head-mounted eye-tracker based on a bidirectional OLED microdisplay
Judith Baumgarten,Tobias Schuchert,Sascha Voth,Philipp Wartenberg,Bernd Richter,Uwe Vogel 한국정보디스플레이학회 2012 Journal of information display Vol.13 No.2
In today’s mobile world, small and lightweight information systems are becoming increasingly important. Microdisplays are the base for several near-to-eye display devices. The addition of an integrated image sensor significantly boosts the range of applications. This paper describes the base-building block for these systems: the bidirectional organic light-emitting diode microdisplay. A small and lightweight optic design, an eye-tracking algorithm, and interaction concepts are also presented.
Xue Qin,Xie Guohua 한국정보디스플레이학회 2020 Journal of information display Vol.21 No.3
Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) on the silicon backplanes processed via the standard foundry complementary metal–oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes were developed with the state-of-the-art electrical doping technology to meet the optical and electrical requirements, resulting in high luminance (over 5000 cd/m2) for the green emissive OLED microdisplay. The unavoidable oxidized aluminium contact after the CMOS processes on the top layer of the pixel was found to significantly increase the driving voltage of the device (up to 1 V at 100 cd/m2 luminance). To aid in the extraction of the accurate device parameters for setting up an equivalent circuit, the reference top-emitting OLEDs without bottom metal contacts were deposited directly on interconnection-metal-only silicon substrates from the CMOS foundry. The distribution of the AlOx of the top-layer metal contact on silicon (the bottom anode of OLEDs) was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles.
High aspect ratio microdisplay and thin optical component for glass-like AR devices
Kang Chan-mo,Shin Jin-Wook,Choi Sukyung,Kwon Byoung-Hwa,Cho Hyunsu,Cho Nam Sung,Lee Jeong-Ik,Lee Hyunkoo,Lee Jeong Hwan,Kim Hokwon,Cho Ara,Park Sang Hyun,Kim Minseok,Park Soon-gi,Kim Youngjoon,Ha Jeon 한국정보디스플레이학회 2021 Journal of information display Vol.22 No.3
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplays have attracted much attention as displays for small form factor augmented reality (AR) devices. To realize glass-like thin and wide field of view (FoV) AR devices, we designed a display module with a high aspect ratio microdisplay and a thin optical component. For the high aspect ratio microdisplay, we developed the color OLED microdisplay with a 32:9 aspect ratio and a 0.8-inch diagonal ∼2,490-ppi CMOS backplane. To express color and reduce optical crosstalk,wefabricated the color filter (C/F) patterning directly on the white OLED. We also developed a pin mirror lens with 11 pin mirrors to improve the optical efficiency and quality with a thin lens. By combining the microdisplay with LetinAR’s pin mirror lens, we successfully demonstrated an AR device with a wide horizontal FoV of 46° but with a small form factor 4mmlens.
조현수,주철웅,최수경,강찬모,김기헌,신진욱,권병화,이현구,변춘원,조남성 한국전자통신연구원 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.6
Microdisplays based on organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have a small form factor, and this can be a great advantage when applied to augmented reality and virtual reality devices. In addition, a high‐resolution microdisplay of 3000 ppi or more can be achieved when applying a white OLED structure and a color filter. However, low luminance is the weakness of an OLED‐based microdisplay as compared with other microdisplay technologies. By applying a tandem structure consisting of two separate emission layers, the efficiency of the OLED device is increased, and higher luminance can be achieved. The efficiency and white spectrum of the OLED device are affected by the position of the emitting layer in the tandem structure and calculated via optical simulation. Each white OLED device with optimized efficiency is fabricated according to the position of the emitting layer, and red, green, and blue spectrum and efficiency are confirmed after passing through color filters. The optimized white OLED device with color filters reaches 97.8% of the National Television Standards Committee standard.
White organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplay with a tandem structure
Hyunsu Cho,변춘원,Chan-Mo Kang,신진욱,Byoung-Hwa Kwon,Sukyung Choi,Nam Sung Cho,Jeong-Ik Lee,Hokwon Kim,Jeong Hwan Lee,Minseok Kim,Hyunkoo Lee 한국정보디스플레이학회 2019 Journal of information display Vol.20 No.4
Microdisplay is a key technology for realizing augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) devices, which have attracted much attention of late. Even though the operating voltage in the tandem structure is higher than that in the single structure, 2-stack tandem OLED exhibited 20,000 cd/m2 at 9 V, which is compatible with CMOS circuit driving. Due to its top-emitting geometry with a tandem structure, the OLED device with a well-controlled thickness exhibited a white spectrum with (0.26, 0.26) color coordinates. The pixel density of the fabricated microdisplay panel with a white tandem OLED was about 2350 pixels per inch, and the active area of the panel was 0.7 inch diagonally. The resolution of the panel was 1280×1024, corresponding to SXGA, and the maximal luminance was 3,000 cd/m2.
Hyeon Woo Kang(강현우),Dong Keun Lee(이동근) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2023 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.40 No.3
A microfluidics chip is a miniature analytical system that injects a small amount of reagent into microchannels formed in the chip. It controls fluid flow to perform pretreatment, detection, reaction, mixing, separation, and analysis in parallel. In this study, polygonal microchannel structures were fabricated using a microstereolithography 3D printer based on an LCoS microdisplay projector. In the experiment, the width of the microchannel structure was changed from 50 ㎛ to 500 ㎛, and the output and width of the structure were measured. Inspection of the shape of the resulting microchannel structure showed that the tip of the structure was elliptical instead of the expected rectangular shape, and the fabrication width error increased as the channel width decreased to 200 ㎛ or less. Nevertheless, it was possible to fabricate microfluidics chip structures with widths less than 100 ㎛. The results of this study demonstrate the applicability of an LCoS microdisplay project-based 3D printer for the fabrication of microfluidic channel structures.
Silicon-based 0.69-inch AMOEL Microdisplay with Integrated Driver Circuits
Na, Young-Sun,Kwon, Oh-Kyong The Korean Infomation Display Society 2002 Journal of information display Vol.3 No.3
Silicon-based 0.69-inch AMOEL microdisplay with integrated driver and timing controller circuits for microdisplay applications has been developed using 0.35 ${\mu}m$ l-poly 4-metal standard CMOS process with 5 V CMOS devices and CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) technology. To reduce the large data programming time consumed in a conventional current programming pixel circuit technique and to achieve uniform display, de-amplifying current mirror pixel circuit and the current-mode data driver circuit with threshold roltage compensation are proposed. The proposed current-mode data driver circuit is inherently immune to the ground-bouncing effect. The Monte-Carlo simulation results show that the proposed current-mode data driver circuit has channel-to-channel non-uniformity of less than ${\pm}$0.6 LSB under ${\pm}$70 mV threshold voltage variaions for both NMOS and PMOS transistors, which gives very good display uniformity.