An Efficient Automatic Control Algorithm for Intelligent LED Indoor Lighting

Sung-Il Hong,Chi-Ho Lin 한국정보통신학회 2015 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.7 No.1

In this paper, we propose an efficient automatic control algorithm for intelligent LED indoor lighting. The proposed an efficient automatic control algorithm were included to elements such as daylight intensity measured through the PIR sensor and illuminance sensor at lighting style by the schedule defined and the occupancy detection. And it was controlled lighting through to the wireless sensor network, and was designed for the energy savings. Also, the lighting control of indoor lighting based on occupancy detection detect fine movements using a PIR sensor. And an unnecessary lighting intensity control of the window-side and the inside were controlled according to daylight level measurement result using the light sensor. In daylight inflow many case, the window-side lighting was to automatically darker, and in daylight inflow less case, was designed to be automatically bright. The efficiency validate results of an efficient indoor lighting automatic control algorithm for intelligent LED indoor lighting, the brightness of the indoor light were to maximize the energy saving by controlling in real time when entering as indoor a little that external lighting or daylight.

지능형 LED 실내조명을 위한 효율적인 제어 시스템

홍성일,윤수정,인치호,Hong, Sung-Il,Yoon, Su-Jeong,Lin, Chi-Ho 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2014 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.6

본 논문에서는 지능형 LED 실내조명을 위한 효율적인 제어 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 지능형 LED 실내조명을 위한 효율적인 제어 시스템은 스케줄 정의에 의한 조명 스타일과 재실 감지에 의한 조명 스타일에 PIR 센서와 조도 센서에 의해 측정되는 주광강도와 같은 요소를 포함시켜 무선 센서 네트워크로 점등제어를 하고 에너지 절감을 할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 또한, 재실감지에 의한 실내조명 점등제어는 PIR 센서를 사용하여 미세 움직임을 감지하고, 창측과 내측의 불필요한 조명 밝기 제어는 조도센서를 이용하여 주광의 수준을 측정하여 제어하였으며, 주광 유입량이 많은 경우 창측 조명은 자동으로 어두워지고, 적으면 조명이 자동으로 밝아지도록 설계하였다. 제안하는 지능형 LED 실내조명을 위한 효율적인 제어 시스템의 효율성 검증 결과, 외부 조명이나 주광이 조금이라도 실내로 유입되면 실내조명의 밝기를 실시간으로 제어하여 에너지 절감 효과를 극대화할 수 있었다. In this paper, we propose an efficient control system for intelligent LED indoor lighting. The proposed an efficient control system for intelligent LED indoor lighting were included to elements such as daylight intensity measured through the PIR sensor and illuminance sensor at lighting style by the schedule defined and the occupancy detection. And it was controlled lighting through to the wireless sensor network, and was designed for the energy savings. Also, the lighting control of indoor lighting based on occupancy detection detect fine movements using a PIR sensor. And an unnecessary lighting intensity control of the window-side and the inside were controlled according to daylight level measurement result using the light sensor. In daylight inflow many case, the window-side lighting was to automatically darker, and in daylight inflow less case, was designed to be automatically bright. The efficiency validate results of an efficient control system for intelligent LED indoor lighting, the brightness of the indoor light were to maximize the energy saving by controlling in real time when entering as indoor a little that external lighting or daylight.

A Study on the Proper Position of Illumination Sensor for Dimming Lighting Control Based on Practical Life : Focusing on Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice

Juil Park,Heangwoo Lee,Yongseong Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.9

Due to recent increase in energy consumption of lighting, the energy consumption in the building sector is shown high, reaching 34% of total energy consumption. Although a variety of technologies have been on the rise and increased to which IT technology is applied as an alternative to reduce the lighting energy the lighting control technology for energy saving has been limited. And in investigation on existing previous studies, some nonconformities have been found out at the position of illumination sensor. So, in this study, there was derived each position of illumination sensor at the summer solstice and the winter solstice Although a variety of studies for lighting energy saving has been on the rise and increased due to increase in energy consumption of lighting in building sector they are carried out in a limited environment of technology development in the lighting energy. In an investigation on existing previous studies, it has been found out that the position of illumination sensor for control was derived on the basis of work surfaces and eye-level illumination, so in this study, it is intended to construct the foundation materials for lighting control after deriving the position of illumination sensor for dimming lighting control in real life. In this study, there was conducted a performance evaluation through the construction of test bed on a real life basis and the illumination range for lighting control was set to 400 lx on the basis of the KS A 3011. The conclusion is as follows. 1) At the summer solstice, S11 position 1,000mm away from a skylight is shown as a proper position of illumination-environmental collection for dimming lighting control. 2) At the winter solstice, the dimming lighting control is unnecessary, but S1~S3 positions within the range of 5,000mm~6,000mm are shown as proper positions of illumination-environment collection for dimming lighting control. 3) When generalizing the results shown at the summer solstice and the winter solstice, S11 position 1,000mm away from a skylight is shown as a proper position of illumination-environment collection for dimming lighting control. 4) As a result of effectiveness at S11position, energy saving can be attained by 16~44% compared to other positions, and the analysis is carried out effectively. Therefore, it is determined that in the future study it will be necessary to supplement by conducting a performance verification in accordance with illumination standards for lighting control and diverse time zones as well as lighting control positions.

철도차량용 Auto Light Sensor 적용 연구

유진규(Jinkyu Yu),곽호승(Ho Seong Gwak),김재기(Jae Gi Kim) 한국철도학회 2013 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

철도 차량용 Auto head Light Controller는 외부의 밝기를 판단하여 철도차량의 전두부에 설치된 전조등을 자동으로 점등/소등시키는 장치이다. 무인자동운전 시스템을 적용한 철도차량의 경우에는 운전자가 차량에 탑승하지 않고, OCC에서 컨트롤하기 때문에 외부의 조도에 따라 전조등이 자동으로 점등/소등되는 철도차량용 Auto Head Light Controller의 개발이 요구되어져 왔다. 이런 요구사항에 부합될 수 있는 철도차량용 Auto Head Light Controller의 개발 및 적용이 이뤄졌기에, 본 논문에서는 철도차량에 적용되는 Auto Head Light Controller의 필요조건, Auto Head Light Controller의 시스템 구성 및 개발된 Auto Head Light Controller의 소개를 통해 설계에 도움이 되고자 한다. Auto head light controller for rolling stock automatically controls the headlight’s turn on/turn off depending on lighting intensity. The development of Auto head light controller for rolling stock has been needed for automated people mover. Therefore, the Auto head light controller for rolling stock is developed and applied to meet the requirements of automated people mover. In this paper, we will introduce developed Auto head light controller for rolling stock’s required condition, system configuration, application case.

Artificial daylength enhancement (pre-sunrise and post-sunset) with blue and red led lights affects tomato plant development, yield, and fruit nutritional quality

Ngcobo Bonga Lewis,Bertling Isa,Clulow Alistair David 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.6

In this research, the combined eff ect of red and blue LED lights on tomato plants and fruit was investigated. Selected tomato plants were illuminated with a combination of red light (RL) and blue light (BL) at a ratio of (1:1) with a combined pho- −2 tosynthetic photon fl ux density (PPFD) of 138 ± 5 μmol  m −1 . This illumination was installed above the plants and was s 1 Introduction In the past few years, the interest in the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables has increased rapidly, particularly due to the positive health eff ects associated with their consumption. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is one of the most -popular fruit vegetable crops worldwide and is also a major source of several nutrients and healthpromoting phytonutrients that are well known to ameliorate oxidative damage to human organs caused by free radicals (Rao and Rao 2007 ). Tomato is also an important source of special carotenoids that have the potential to prevent important chronic degenerative dis- orders (Salehi et al. 2019 ). The concentration of carotenoids present in food crops does not only infl uence the quality of carotenoid-rich crops, but also gives specifi c foods their colour characteristics (Liu et al. 2009 ). A healthy diet is the only source of carotenoids for humans, as our body cannot Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 terminated at diff erent stages of plant growth, namely , at 50% fl owering (FLW) and when fruit were mature green (MG). The plants were allowed to receive natural light during the day and were exposed to the light treatments 3 h after sunset and 3 h before sunrise. Control plants received only natural light. Growth, yield, and quality parameters were assessed. Both light treatments, whether terminated at FLW or MG, signifi cantly enhanced plant height, number of leaves, and branching, with light treatment until the MG stage having a lesser, but nonetheless signifi cant, eff ect. Plants that were treated with additional light until fruit were MG had a signifi cantly increased total fruit mass compared with other treatments. Surpris- ingly, plants treated until FLW showed a signifi cant increase in number of fruit per plant. Both treatments did not have a signifi cant eff ect on colour parameters, while light treatments, particularly treatment until MG, were able to signifi cantly enhance chlorophyll degradation in fruit. In addition, both light treatments resulted in a signifi cant increase in fruit lycopene, the most important carotenoid in red tomato, while also potentially increasing the concentration of β-carotene, as well as total soluble solids (TSS), phenolics , and vitamin C. Treating tomato plants with a combination of LED light sources only until FLW was suffi cient to enhance growth, yield , and antioxidant phytonutrients in tomatoes with no additional increase with further light treatment.

통합 채광시스템의 건물 냉난방 에너지 성능평가

김정태,안현태,김곤,Kim, Jeong-Tai,Ahn, Hyun-Tae,Kim, Gon 한국조명전기설비학회 2005 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.19 No.6

건물 내에 존재하는 자연광은 조명원으로 국한되지 않고 시각적, 심리적 자극을 통한 실내 환경의 질적 향상에 이르기까지 에너지절약 및 공간의 쾌적성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 유입되는 자연광량에 비례적으로 연동되는 건물에너지는 전기조명에너지를 절감시키고 난방 기간동안 일사열의 유입에 따른 난방에너지를 절감시킨다. 여름철에는 전기조명의 소등으로 인한 조명원의 발열량이 감소됨으로써 냉방부하의 감소에 이르기까지 포괄적인 영향을 미친다. 조명개발분야의 선진국에서는 에너지 절약형 광원의 대체와 아울러 자연채광과 통합된 최적 조명제어 기술의 운용만이 건물이 가지고 있는 에너지 절약의 잠재력을 현실화시킬 수 있다고 판단하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 일반적인 사무소 모델 공간의 에너지 절약형 인공조명을 대상으로 자연광 유입에 따른 연동적 조명제어 기법을 적용하는 경우를 대상으로, 인공조명의 소등량에 따른 조명에너지의 절감량과 이에 수반되는 냉방에너지의 점감량 및 일사열 취즉에 따른 겨울철 난방 부하 절감량을 분석함으로써 자연채광의 건물에너지에 대한 연간 기여도를 통합 분석하였다. 특히 자연채광의 성능은 실험을 통한 측정 데이터를 이용하고 에너지 해석 프로그램을 재구성하여 실질적인 절감량을 도출하도록 시도하였다. The quantity of light available for a space can be translated in term of the amount of energy savings through a process of a building energy simulation. To get significant energy savings in general illumination, the electric lighting system must be incorporated with a daylight - activated dimmer control. A prototype configuration of an once interior has been established and the integration between the building envelope and lighting and HVAC systems is evaluated based on computer modeling of a lighting control facility. First of all, an energy-efficient luminaire system is designed and the lighting analysis program, Lumen-Micro 2000 predicts the optimal layout of a conventional fluorescent lighting future to meet the designed lighting level and calculates unit power density, which translates the demanded met of electric lighting energy. A dimming control system integrated with the contribution of daylighting has been applied to the operating of the artificial lighting. Annual cooling load due to lighting and the projecting saving amount of cooling load due to daylighting under overcast diffuse sky m evaluated by computer software ENER-Win. In brief, the results from building energy simulation with measured daylight illumination levels and the performance of lighting control system indicate that daylighting can save over 70 percent of the required energy for general illumination in the perimeter zones through the year A 25[%] of electric energy for cooling and almost all off heating energy may be saved by dimming and turning off the luminaires in the perimeter zones.

무선 통신과 스마트폰을 이용한 LED 색온도 제어 조명 시스템에 관한 연구

홍영진(Young-Jin Hong),임순자(Soon-Ja Lim),이완범(Wan-Bum Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.11

현대 사회에서 조명은 인간 중심적인 자연 조명의 변화를 연출하고 에너지 소비 절감과 효율적인 관리를 위하여 IT 기술과 LED를 결합한 형태로 개발 되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 Arduino Due와 Bluetooth 및 Zigbee 무선통신 기술을 이용하여 3000K Warm LED와 6000K Cool LED로 구성된 LED 조명의 색온도 및 밝기를 제어할 수 있는 LED 조명 제어시스템을 제안하였다. Arduino Due는 Duty rate을 조절하여 조명의 색온도를 여러 단계로 조절 할 수 있도록 하였고, 1:N 다중통신이 가능한 Zigbee 통신을 이용하여 많은 조명을 제어할 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 Bluetooth 통신을 이용하여 스마트 폰 어플리케이션으로 LED 조명을 손쉽게 제어할 수 있도록 하여 사용자의 편리성을 증대시켰다. 본 논문에서 구현한 무선통신 기반의 LED 조명제어 시스템은 3067K∼5960K의 다양한 색온도 제어와 조도 제어를 통하여 인간 중심적인 조명을 연출할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 소비전력을 줄일 수 있어 자연 친화적인 조명 시스템으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Lighting systems in modern society has been developed using a combination of IT technology and LED lighting for the purpose of bringing aboutchanges in human-centered natural lighting and to take advantage of the efficient management and energy saving of LED lighting. In this paper, we propose an LED lighting control system that can control the color temperature and brightness of LED lighting composed of 3000K Warm LEDs and 6000K Cool LEDs by using an Arduino Due and wireless communication technology such as Bluetooth and Zigbee. The Arduino Due allows the color temperature of the lighting to be adjustedin several steps by controlling the duty rate and enables many lights to be controlledusing Zigbee communication capable of 1: N multiple communication. By using Bluetooth communication, it is possible to easily control the LED lighting by means of a smartphone application, thereby enhancing the convenience for the user. The wireless communication based LED lighting control system implemented in this studycannot only provide human-centered lighting through its color temperature control from 3067K to 5960K and illumination control, but can also reduce the power consumption and be used as a natural-friendly lighting system.

Intelligent Lighting Control using Wireless Sensor Networks for Media Production

( Heemin Park ),( Jeff Burke ),( Mani B. Srivastava ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2009 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.3 No.5

We present the design and implementation of a unique sensing and actuation application -- the Illuminator: a sensor network-based intelligent light control system for entertainment and media production. Unlike most sensor network applications, which focus on sensing alone, a distinctive aspect of the Illuminator is that it closes the loop from light sensing to lighting control. We describe the Illuminator`s design requirements, system architecture, algorithms, implementation and experimental results. The system uses the Illumimote, a multi-modal and high fidelity light sensor module well-suited for wireless sensor networks, to satisfy the high-performance light sensing requirements of entertainment and media production applications. The Illuminator system is a toolset to characterize the illumination profile of a deployed set of fixed position lights, generate desired lighting effects for moving targets (actors, scenic elements, etc.) based on user constraints expressed in a formal language, and to assist in the set up of lights to achieve the same illumination profile in multiple venues. After characterizing deployed lights, the Illuminator computes optimal light settings at run-time to achieve a user-specified actuation profile, using an optimization framework based on a genetic algorithm. Uniquely, it can use deployed sensors to incorporate changing ambient lighting conditions and moving targets into actuation. Experimental results demonstrate that the Illuminator handles various high-level user requirements and generates an optimal light actuation profile. These results suggest that the Illuminator system supports entertainment and media production applications.

주광(晝光) 대등형 가변조명(可變照明) 제어설비의 적용 및 통합성능

김정태,김곤,Kim, Jeong-Tai,Kim, Gon 한국조명전기설비학회 2006 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

에너지 절약형 광원의 대체와 아울러 최적 운용 기술의 개발만이 건축조명부분에 대한 에너지 절약의 잠재력을 현실화 시킬 수 있다고 판단된다. 광원의 효율을 향상시키는 것은 기술적인 한계와 많은 개발시간이 요구되는 반면에 조명제어의 최적화 기술은 많은 기술이 개발되어 사용되고 있는 상황이므로, 보다 지능적이고 복합적인 시스템 차원에서 효율을 높이기 위한 노력들이 이루어지고 있다. 특히 상업용 건물이나 사무소건물에 있어 고효율 형광등과 전자식 안정기의 도입이후에 에너지 절감방안의 대표적인 것은 조명제어라고 인식하고 있다. 본 연구에서 분석한 일반적인 사무소 공간의 경우, 주광과 인공조명을 통합제어할 때 담천공 조건에서 소등할 수 있는 주광의 유효 입사 거리는 창측에서 약 4[m]에서부터, 시간대에 따라 5[m]에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 실내에 설치된 인공 조명기구의 약 60[%] 이상이 소등될 수 있어 동일한 비율의 조명 에너지가 절감될 수 있는 잠재력을 나타낸다. 입사각과 태양광량의 상호 보완적 특성으로 인하여 주간 내내 일정한 주광의 유효거리가 확보되는 것으로 나타났다. 계절별 소등라인축의 이동범위는 실내에서 자연의 변화를 느끼게 해주는 정도의 바람직한 것으로 허용될 수 있을 것이며, 자연광에 가까운 광색을 가진 광원을 사용함으로써 쾌적한 조명을 유지할 수 있을 것이다. To reduce costs and address other practical concern related to architectural lighting, we have been involved in various aspects of advanced daylighting design and control. If we look toward future building trends, we see that the advanced has already successfully deployed such complex lighting control systems. This paper takes a broad view of what advanced manufacturers have done to develop energy efficient lighting control technologies such as sensors, lumen maintenance, time of day scheduling, peak demand reduction and so forth. First of all strategies, daylighting controls would also need to be commissioned to respond to the specific daylighting signature of the zone. To translate the daylight in term of the amount of energy savings, an electric lighting system is designed and automatic on-off control system integrated with the contribution of daylighting has been applied to the operating of the artificial lighting. The lighting analysis program, Lumen-Micro predicts the optimal layout of conventional fluorescent and incandescent lighting fixtures to meet the designed lighting level and calculates unit power density, which translates the demanded amount of lighting energy.

LED광 파장이 국화생육에 미치는 영향

임재운,김현태,윤용철,서광욱,김규형,문애경 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2013 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.22 No.1

국화생육에 있어서 LED광이 미치는 영향을 구명하기위해서 국화 ‘Shinma’를 대상으로 단일광 적색광(Red)650nm, 647nm, 622nm, 청색광(Blue) 463nm, 450nm,백색광(White)과 혼합광(적색광(Red) :청색광(Blue)-(9 : 1,8 : 2, 7 : 3, 6 : 4, 5 : 5), 적색광(Red) :백색광(White)-(7 : 3)그리고 광원의 조사시간에 따른 LED효과를 구명하고자광원 비율 적색광(Red) : 청색광(Blue)-(8 : 2)의 컨트롤베드를 3개로 구성하고, 대조구(태양광)를 포함하여 총15개의 컨트롤 베드를 구성하여 수행하였다. 광 조사시간에 따른 생육에서는 6/6(on/off)에서 초장, 엽수, 생체중, 엽면적이 높게 나타났지만, 전체적으로 통계적인 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 단일광원의 경우 청색광(Blue)450nm에서 초장과 엽면적이 가장 크게 나타났고, 근장에서는 적색광(Red) 650nm에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 그외의 측정항목에서는 대조구(태양광)와 백색광(White)에서 높게 나타나, 단일광원에 대한 영향도 있지만, 다양한 파장대의 광원도 작물 생육에 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 혼합광의 경우 단일광과 달리 대조구(태양광)를 제외하고 적색광(Red)의 비율이 가장 높은 적색광(Red) :청색광(Blue)-(9 : 1)에서 초장이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 생체중과 건물중에서는 적색광(Red) : 백색광(White)-(7 : 3)에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 그 다음으로는 대조구(태양광)에서 높게 나타났으며, 엽면적에 있어 대조구(태양광)가가장 높게 나타났다. 국화생육에 있어서 LED광이 미치는 영향을 구명한결과 국화의 생장 및 형태형성에 분명히 영향을 미치는것으로 보였으며, 단일광과 혼합광에 대해 적절한 광원의 선택은 보광의 목적이나 고품질 국화생산을 위해 필요하다고 판단된다. In this study, I was focusing on LED (Light Emitting Diode) light effect in growth of chrysanthemum. For this reason, I formed six monochromatic lights (red 650 nm, 647 nm, 622 nm, blue 463 nm, 450 nm, white), sixmixed lights sources red : blue (9 : 1, 8 : 2, 7 : 3, 6 : 4, 5 : 5) and 3 control beds in light sources ratio betweenrad : blue (8 : 2) including sun light. It was totally 15 control beds. Depending on light investigation time in growth,6/6 (on/off) was highest in the length of plant, the number of leaves, the fresh dry and leaf area. But statistical significancewasn’t accepted in general. In case of monochromatic lights, length of plant and leaf area is biggest in the Blue450 mm and the length of root is highest in RED 650 mm. Except for this 3 measuring points (length of plant, thenumber of leaves and fresh weight), sun light and white was highest. Besides there are monochromatic light effectbut various wavelength range in light sources are needed to crop growth. In terms of mixed light resources, exceptfor sun light, It turned out the length of plant is highest in the highest red light rate red : blue (9 : 1), and Red : white(7 : 3) is highest in fresh weight and dry weight. The sun light is the highest one in the leaf area. The results fromLED light effect in growth of chrysanthemum are obviously effect on growth and building up the shape. We need tochoose suitable light sources in the monochromatic lights and mixed lights for growing high quality of chrysanthemumor Supplemental Lighting.