금강수계의 수질관리를 위한 QUAL-2E 모델의 적용 (2) : 자생 BOD 를 고려한 허용오염부하량 산정 Waste loads Allocation Analysis by Considering Autochthonous ROD

김종구,이지연 한국환경과학회 2001 한국환경과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The Keum river has been utilized for drinking water supply of several city including Kunsan city and is deepening pollution state due to numerous municipal and industrial discharges. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The predict of water quality has important meaning for management of water quality pollution of the Keum river. The purpose of this study will manage and predict water quality of the Keum river using QUAL-2E model considering the autochthonous BOD. The estimation of autochthonous BOD represented that the relationship between BOD and chlorophyll a. The regression equation was shown to be autochthonous BOD=β_5×chlorophyll a. The results of this study may be summarized as followed; The QUAL-2E model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in June, 1998. The calculated value by QUAL-2E model are in good agree to measured value within relative error of 7.80∼20.33%. Especially, in the case of the considering autochthonous BOD, the calculated value of BOD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 15%. But the case of not considering autochthonous BOD, relative error of BOD was shown to be 43.2%. In order to attain Ⅱ grade of water quality standard in Puyo station which has a intake facility of water supply, we reduced to the pollutants loading of tributaries. In the case of removed 100% BOD of tributaries, the BOD of Puyo station was 4.07㎎/ℓ, belong to Ⅲ grade of water quality standard. But in the case of removed 88% nutrient of tributaries, it was satisfied to Ⅱ grade of water quality standard as below 3㎎/ℓof BOD. For estimation of autochthonous BOD in Keum river, we are performed simulating in accordance with reduction of nutrient load(50∼100%) under conditions removal 90% organic load. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD according to nutrient loading reductions were varied from 25.97∼79.51%. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD was shown to be a tendency to increasing in accordance with reduction of nutrient loading. Showing the above results, the nutrient that one of the growing factor of algae was important role in decision of BOD in the Keum river. For the water quality management of the Keum river, therefore, it is necessary to considering autochthonous BOD and to construction of advanced sewage treatment plant for nutrient removal.

장기관측자료에 의한 금강하구둑 수문조작에 따른 수질 변화 평가

권정노,김종구,고태승,KWON Jung-No,KIM Jong-Gu,KO Tae-Seung 한국수산과학회 2001 한국수산과학회지 Vol.34 No.4

This study was conducted to estimation of change characteristics for water quality by the dyke gate operation in the Keum River estuary. The estimation data made use of surveyed data in Keum River estuary by NERDI (National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) during $1990\~1999$. Shown to compare water quality changes at st. A and st. D in Figure 1, the concentrations of TSS, COD and nutrients at st. A were as high as about $2\~4$ times than those at st. D due to affection of fresh water discharge in the Keum River. The percentages of water quality change at surface water by dyke gate operation in the Keum River estuary were shown that TSS (Total Suspended Solid) was decrease to $56\%,\;47\%$ at st. A and D, and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) was increase to $68\%,\;71\%$ at st. A and D, respectively. The changes percentage of DIN (Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen) by dyke gate operation in the Keum River estuary were increase high to $95\%$ at surface water and $7\sim30\%$ at bottom water, but those of DIP (Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus) were increase to $2.8\sim8.6\%$ at surface water and $28\%$ at bottom water. The range of fluctuation for water quality at each station by dyke gate operation has shown that salinity and TSS are little better than before dyke gate operation, but COD show highly fluctuation. Also we studied estimation of characteristics of water quality change by the season, COD was increased except the summer, TSS was decreased to all season. DIN was increased to about $61\sim172.1\%$ for all season, but DIP was increased to the spring and decreased to the autumn, DIN enrichment in the estuary by dyke gate operation are interpreted to improvement of organic matter decomposition and nitrification by increasing the residence time and to increase nutrient flux in sediments due to decreasing dissolved oxygen and increasing a deposit matter.

통계분석 기법을 이용한 錦江水系의 水質評價

김종구 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.12

This study was conducted to evaluate water quality in the Keum River using multivariate analysis. The analysis data in Keum river made use of surveyed data by the ministry of environment from 1994 to December 2001.Thirteen water quality parameter were determined on each sample. The results was summarized as follow; Water quality in the Keum River could be explained up to 71.39% by four factors which were included in loading of organic matter and nutrients by tributaries (32.88%), seasonal variation (16.09%), loading of pathogenic bacteria by domestic sewage of Gapcheon (13.39%) and internal metabolism in estuary as lakes(9.03%) For spatial variation of factor score, four group was classified by each factor characterization. Station 1and 2 was influenced by Daechung dam, station 3 was affected by domestic sewage of Gapcheon, station 10∼12 was affected by estuary dyke and rest station. The result of cluster analysis by station was classified into four group that has different water quality characteristics. In monthly cluster analysis, three group was classified according to seasonal characteristic. Also, in yearly cluster analysis, three group was classified. It is necessary to control the pollutant loadings by Gapcheon inflow domestic sewage in Daejeon city for the sake of water quality management of Keum river.

한강 및 금강수계 하천에서 어류의 물리서식처 적합도지수 비교

강형식(Kang Hyeongsik) 대한토목학회 2012 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.32 No.1B

The habitat suitability is an important factor to estimate the distribution and size of the physical habitat in river. This suitability is also a key factor to decide the ecological flow discharge for the fish. For the ecological analysis in river, accurate values of habitat suitability index for various fishes are necessary. In general, fish habitat is affected by the physical factor of the flow depth and velocity as well as the chemical and biological factors of nutrient and attached algae. Thus, the condition of the fish habitat is expected to be changed with each watershed and tributary. In this study, the habitat suitability indices for fishes were proposed by using the field monitoring data in the rivers of the Han and Geum river watersheds. The proposed indices for three fishes are compared: Zacco platypus, Zacco temminckii, and Coreoleuciscus splendidus. The results show that Zacco platypus has a similar distribution of habitat suitability index in two watersheds. Zacco temminckii and Coreoleuciscus splendidus, however, have different distributions with watersheds. Also, for Zacco platypus, the developed indices at three tributaries of the Han river are compared: Cheng-mi stream, Dal stream, and Hong-cheon stream. The com parisi on shows that the index in the Cheng-mi stream is different with those in the other rivers. This is expected to be because of a high nutrient concentration at the Cheong-mi stream. 서식처적합도는 어류의 서식처 분포 및 그 크기를 결정하는데 있어 매우 중요한 인자이다. 또한 어류 서식에 필요한 생태유량 산정에서도 핵심 인자로 작용된다. 따라서 서식처 해석을 위해서는 정확한 서식처적합도지수를 반영할 필요가 있다. 일반적으로 어류 서식처는 수심과 유속과 같은 물리적 조건 뿐만 아니라 영양염 및 부착조류 등의 생화학적 조건에 의해 영향을 받는다. 따라서 각 수계 및 지천별로 이러한 서식처 조건이 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 한강과 금강수계에서 지난 2007-2010년 간의 현장 모니터링 데이터를 이용하여 서식처적합도지수를 산정하고, 피라미, 참갈겨니, 쉬리에 대한 지수를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 피라미는 두 수계에서 서로 유사한 분포를 갖지만, 참결겨니와 쉬리의 경우 두 수계에서 매우 다른 분포 형태를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 피라미에 대하여 한강 지천인 청미천, 달천, 홍천강에서의 적합도지수를 비교하였다. 그 결과 청미천에서의 적합도지수가 다른 두 지천과 매우 다른 분포를 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 이는 청미천이 다른 지천에 비해 영양염의 유입이 더 크기 때문인 것으로 예상된다.

금호강 수계에서 생물학적 하천 건강도 및 이화학적 특성에 대한 비교평가

권영수 ( Young Soo Kwon ),안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2005 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2005 No.-

The objective of this study was to apply and evaluate the multi-metric model at the five sites of the Keum-ho River during August 2004 through June 2005. The research approach was basically based upon the Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) using fish assemblage, and the longtime water quality data (1995-2004), which was obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea. For the biological health condition assessments, the IBI regional model in Korea (Karr,1981;Barbour et al, 1999), which was developed by An(2003). The Index of Biological Integrity in the Keum-ho River averaged 30 and varied from 23 to 48 depending on the sampling sites. The river health was judged to be "Fair condition", According to the stream health criteria of the US EPA(1993) and Barbour et al(1999).According to the analysis of the chemical water quality data of the Keum-ho River, BOD, COD, conductivity, TP, TN and TSS large varied pollution density levels depending on the sites, seasons and the years sampled. Variabilities of some parameters including BOD, COD, TP, TN, and Conductivity were greater in the downstream than the upstream reach. This phenomenon was evident in the dilution by the rain during the monsoon. Community analyses showed that species diversity index was highest(H=0.781) in the site 1, while community dominance index was highest in the site 3 where Opsariichthys uncirostris largely dominated. In contrast, the proportions of omnivores and tolerant species were greater in the downstream reach, compared to the upstream reach. Overall, this study suggests that some sites in the downstream reach may need to be restored the aquatic ecosystem for better biological health.

PhATETM 모형을 적용한 금강수계 중 의약물질 농도 추정

임득순,박정임 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.1

In recent years, pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment have become a matter of increasing public concern. Environmental risk assessment (ERA), including an exposure assessment, is considered the best scientifically based approach for evaluating the potential effects of pharmaceuticals on ecosystems. Computerized exposure models constitute an important tool in predicting environmental exposures of pharmaceuticals. This paper presents the applicability of an exposure model by comparing measured data of selected pharmaceuticals with predicted environmental concentrations from an exposure model. PhATETM (Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation) model developed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) was adapted to run simulations for the Keum River. A set of 7 pharmaceuticals of high production in Korea was modeled. The PECs generated by the PhATETM model that were then compared to the measured concentrations. The PhATETM model predicted concentrations for 7 pharmaceuticals including acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, erythromycin, ibuprofen, lincomycin, mefenamic acid, and naproxen were in good agreement with actual measured concentrations, which demonstrated the utility of PhATETM as a predictive tool. In conclusion, PhATETM, although it does not intend to accurately represent reality, could be utilized for rapid predictions of the environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals.

금강 수계 백제보에서 어류의 종 특성 평가 및 생태평가모델 적용

문성대 ( Seong Dae Moon ),한정호 ( Jeong Ho Han ),안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

The objectives of study were to evaluate fish species compositions of trophic guilds and tolerance guilds and apply ecological fish assessment (EFA) models to Bekjae Weir, Keum-River Watershed. The EFA models were Stream Index ofBiological Integrity (SIBI) used frequently for running water and Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment (LEHA) used for assessments of stagnant water. The region of Bekjae Weir as a "four major river project" was originally a lotic ecosystem before the weir construction (2010, BWC) but became more like lentic-lotic hybrid system after the construction (2011, AWC). In the analysis of species composition and ecological bioindicator (fish), fish species with a preference of running water showed significant decreases (p < 0.05), whereas the species with a preference of stagnant water showed significant increases (p < 0.05). After the weir construction, relative abundances of tolerant species increased, and the proportion of insectivores decreased. This phenomenon indicated the changes of biotic compositions in the system by the weir construction. Applications of SIBI and LEHA models to the system showed that the two model values decreased at the same time after the weir construction (AWC), and the region became more like lentic-lotic hybrid system, indicating the degradation of ecosystem health. The model values of SIBI were 19 and 16, respectively, in the BWC and AWC, and the health conditions were both "C-rank". In the mean time, the LEHA model analysis showed that the values was 28 in the BWC and 24 in the AWC, thus the health was turned to be "B-Rank" in the BWC and "C-Rank" in the AWC. indicating a degradation of ecological heath after the weir construction.

PhATE^TM 모형을 적용한 금강수계 중 의약물질 농도 추정

임득순,박정임,Lim, Deuck-Soon,Park, Jeong-Im 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.1

In recent years, pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment have become a matter of increasing public concern. Environmental risk assessment (ERA), including an exposure assessment, is considered the best scientifically based approach for evaluating the potential effects of pharmaceuticals on ecosystems. Computerized exposure models constitute an important tool in predicting environmental exposures of pharmaceuticals. This paper presents the applicability of an exposure model by comparing measured data of selected pharmaceuticals with predicted environmental concentrations from an exposure model. $PhATE^{TM}$ (Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation) model developed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) was adapted to run simulations for the Keum River. A set of 7 pharmaceuticals of high production in Korea was modeled. The PECs generated by the $PhATE^{TM}$ model that were then compared to the measured concentrations. The $PhATE^{TM}$ model predicted concentrations for 7 pharmaceuticals including acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, erythromycin, ibuprofen, lincomycin, mefenamic acid, and naproxen were in good agreement with actual measured concentrations, which demonstrated the utility of $PhATE^{TM}$ as a predictive tool. In conclusion, $PhATE^{TM}$, although it does not intend to accurately represent reality, could be utilized for rapid predictions of the environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals.

포스터 발표 : 수질관리 ; 금호강 수계에서 생물학적 하천 건강도 및 이화학적 특성에 대한 비교평가

권영수 ( Young Soo Kwon ),안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ) 대한상하수도학회 2005 공동추계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

금강수계의 수질관리를 위한 QUAL2E 모델의 적용 (I) : 모델입력인자 산정 및 자생 BOD 평가 Estimation of Model Input Parameter and Autochthonous BOD

김종구,이지연 한국환경과학회 2001 한국환경과학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The Keum river is one of the important river in Korea and has a drainage area of 9,873 ㎦. The Keum river is deepening pollution state due to development of the lower city and construction of a industrial complex. The water quality of the Keum river come to eutrophication state and belong to Ⅲ grade of water quality standard. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The purpose of this study was to survey the characteristics of water quality in summer and to estimate reaction coefficient. Also, we studied to correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) for estimation of the autochthonous BOD. The correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) were obtained through the culture experiment of phytoplankton in the laboratory. The results of this study may be summarized as follows ; The characteristics of water quality in summer were belong to Ⅲ∼Ⅳgrade of water quality standard as BOD and nutritive condition is very high. The BOD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate loadings in Miho stream which inflowing untreated sewage from Chungju city was occupied with 64.07%, 26.36%, 46.08%, respectively. Maximum nutrient uptake (Vmax) was 0.4400 μM/hr as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 0.1652 μM/hr as substrate of phosphate. Maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 1.2525 hr^-1 as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 1.5177 hr^-1 as substrate of phosphate. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and BOD by the culture experiment were found to be 0.911∼0.935 and 0.942∼0.947 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and COD through the culture experiment were found to be 0.918∼0.977 and 0.880∼0.931 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The autochthonous BOD(COD) was estimated to the relationship between BOD(COD) and chlorophyll a. The regression equation were found to be autochthonous BOD=(0.045∼0.073)×chlorophyll a and autochthonous COD=(0.137∼0.182)×chlorophyll a.