큰땅빈대와 애기땅빈대의 라디칼 소거, 세포독성 억제 및 항염증 활성 비교

임태진 ( Tae-jin Rhim ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.8

This study was conducted to compare the antioxidant, anticytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties of Euphorbia maculata ethanol extract with those of E. supina ethanol extract. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and superoxide scavenging activities of E. maculata at 50 μg/mL were 38.3 ± 3.7 and 21.5 ± 1.2%, respectively, whereas those of E. supina at the same concentration were 109.4 ± 0.9 and 59.5 ± 4.8%, respectively. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of E. maculata and E. supina at 10 μg/mL were 14.70 ± 0.63 and 26.17 ± 1.36 nmol/mL Trolox, respectively. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacities of E. maculata and E. supina at 10 μg/mL were 10.22 ± 0.97 and 62.99 ± 5.28 nmol/mL Trolox, respectively. Total phenolic contents of E. maculata and E. supina at 50 μg/mL were 29.03 ± 0.14 and 87.89 ± 0.20 nmol/mL gallic acid, respectively. E. maculata and E. supina were reported to prevent supercoiled DNA breakage induced by peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals in a concentration-dependent manner, where protection against the supercoiled DNA breakage provided by E. supina was greater than that provided by E. maculata. E. maculata and E. supina at 100 μg/mL inhibited tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by 49.4 ± 4.3 and 87.3 ± 4.5%, respectively. E. maculata and E. supina at 500 μg/mL inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells by 63.1 ± 7.0 and 85.2 ± 1.6%, respectively. The antioxidant capacities including DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance, and cupric reducing antioxidant activity were found to be highly correlated with total phenolic content (0.896 < r < 0.983, p < 0.01) and anticytotoxic activities (0.915 < r < 0.960, p < 0.01). However, the superoxide scavenging activity was not significantly correlated (r = 0.604, p > 0.05) with the anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, these findings demonstrated that the radical scavenging, anticytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory capacities of E. supina were more potent than those of E. maculata. Further studies are needed to elucidate the properties of polyphenolic constituents in E. supina responsible for these effects and the underlying mechanisms.

C-4 Euphorbia maculata 엽육조직 내 탄닌물질의 축적 양상

김인선,Kim, In-Sun 한국현미경학회 2003 Applied microscopy Vol.33 No.3

유액을 형성하는 대극과 C-4 식물 Euphorbia maculata의 엽육조직은 유관속초와 엽육세포 두 유형의 유세포로 분화되는데, 본 연구에서는 이들 세포 내에 축적되는 2차 대사물질인 탄닌의 발달양상을 형태 구조적으로 연구하였다. 탄닌의 축적은 엽육조직 발달초기 상태에서부터 시작되어 유관속초세포에서 뚜렷하게 진행되었고, 분화를 마친 성숙한 잎의 유관속초세포와 인접한 엽육세포에는 현저하게 다른 양상으로 축적되었다. 일부 미분화 유관속초세포는 발달초기에 일어난 액포융합현상으로 세포용적의 대부분을 차지하는 거대한 탄닌액포를 형성하여 세포질에는 영향을 미치지 않으나, 이후 엽육조직이 발달하면 유관속초세포 내 액포에는 소과립상에서부터 소구체, 구체 및 비교적 커다란 탄닌액포에 이르기까지 다양한 형태로 집적되었다. 특히, 탄닌이 세포소기관들 사이로 침투하여 소기관들의 경계를 따라 분포되거나, 침착이 더욱 진행되어 세포질 내 거의 모든 세포소기관에 영향을 미친 경우에는 세포질의 전자밀도를 매우 높게 나타났다. 반면, 엽육세포층 내에서는 탄닌의 축적현상이 드물게 일어나 대부분의 세포들은 거의 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 유관속초세포 내 탄닌의 축적현상이 할발하게 일어난 경우에는 이들과 바로 인접한 엽육세포의 세포질에도 탄닌의 축적이 야기되어 일부 세포소기관의 전자밀도는 높게 나타났다. Euphorbia maculata는 식물체 전체에 망상으로 분포하는 유관에 다량의 알카로이드성 유액이 분비되는데, 액포 및 세포질에 축적되는 이러한 탄닌은 이들 알카로이드성 물질과 밀접한 관계를 유지하며 병충해 및 초식동물로부터의 보호 등 식물체 방어기작에 중요한 기능을 수행할 것으로 추정된다. Patterns of tannin accumulation in leaves of C-4 Euphorbia maculata have been examined using electron microscopy. Tannins, which are secondary metabolite phenolic compounds, were found to be deposited conspicuously in vacuoles of certain tissues regardless of their stage in development. However, patterns of deposit accumulation were distinguishable by their cell type during leaf differentiation. The deposits appeared most concentrated in the concentric bundle sheath cells enclosing veins, while little or no density was detected mostly in the mesophyll cells close to the epidermis. An ultrastructural study revealed that the deposits were restricted to the vacuoles at an early stage of leaf development; during which the vacuoles were almost completely filled with the tanniferous substances. The deposits themselves took different forms ranging from granules to huge globules while expanding leaf blade. As the leaf matured, the deposits accumulated either centripetally adjacent to the inner tangential tonoplast or by penetration into the cytoplasm amongst various cellular organelles, resulting in an extremely dense cytoplasm. Electron micrographs frequently showed the delineation of each organelle by the presence of dense deposits within the cytoplasm. Some large depository vacuoles filled with tannins had a corrugated appearance on the sectioned surface. The pattern and potential role of the deposits have been discussed.

한국산 대극속 3분류군의 분류학적 재검토

지성진,오병운 한국식물분류학회 2009 식물 분류학회지 Vol.39 No.2

The morphological characters and scientific names on 3 taxa of Korean Euphorbia were reviewed. Growing pattern of stems, arrangement of leaves, the presence of appendages, the presence of ovary's hairs, shape of seeds and the presence of caruncles were valuable characters in identifying the taxa. The correct names of Nang-dok, Keun-ttang-bin-dae and Ae-gi-ttang-bin-dae based on the morphological characters, the type specimens and the original descriptions were E. fischeriana, E. hypericifolia and E. maculata, respectively. Keys to the taxa were provided for the accurate identification. 한국산 대극속 3분류군에 대한 외부형태 형질과 학명을 재검토하였다. 줄기의 생장양상, 잎의 배열, 부속체의 유무, 자방 털의 유무, 종자의 형태 및 종침의 유무 등이 분류군들을 식별하는데 유용한 형질임이 확인되었다. 외부형태 형질, 기준표본 및 원기재문 등에 근거하여 낭독, 큰땅빈대 및 애기땅빈대의 정명은 E. fischeriana, E. hypericifolia 및 E. maculata로 밝혀졌으며, 정확한 종 동정을 위해 검색표를 제시하였다.

Ultrastructure and Development of Nonarticulated Laticifers in Seedlings of Euphorbia maculata L.

Lee, Kyu Bae,Mahlberg, Paul G. 한국식물학회 1999 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.42 No.1

The ultrastructure of nonarticulated laticifers in the seedlings of Euphorbia maculata was studied at various developmental stages. The apical regions of the seedling laticifers growing intrusively contained large nuclei with mainly euchromatin and dense cytoplasm possessing various and many organelles such as rich ribosomes, several small vacuoles, giant mitochondria with dense matrices, rough endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, and proplastids. This result suggested that the apical regions of laticifers were metabolically very active. Laticifers in seedlings at the first-leaf developmental stage did not contain latex particle. In seedlings at second-leaf growth stage, the laticifer cells contained numerous and elongated small vacuoles. These vacuoles appeared to arise by dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and frequently possessed osmiophilic or electron-dense latex particles. The small vacuoles fused with the large vacuole occupying the central portion of the subapical region of laticifers, and then the latex particles were released into the large central vacuole. The latex particles varied in size and were lightly or darkly stained. Proplastids with a dense matrix and a few osmiophilic plastoglobuli were filled with an elongated starch grain and thus were transformed into amyloplasts. Latex particles were initially produced in the laticifers after seedlings had developed their second young leaves. In seedlings at forth-leaf stage, latex particles with an alveolated rim were found in the laticifers.

Development of the Kranz Structure during Leaf Growth in C_4 Enphorbia maculata

Kim, InSun,Pak, Jae-Hong,Seo, Bong-Bo,Song, Seung-Dal 한국식물학회 2000 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.43 No.4

The development of the Kranz structure was investigated in leaves of C_4 Euphorbia maculata using electron microscopy. Four leaf stages, i.e., primordial, immature, young, and mature, were examined, based on the photosynthetic tissue that surrounded the veins. The examination revealed how cells differentiated into distinct bundle sheath cells (BSCs) and mesophyll cells (MCs). Specialization of the BSCs was invariably associated with the development of the veins as well as the MCs. Precursors for BSC and MC were recognizable fairly early, at the immature stage, according to their position and differential enlargement Once these precursors were delimited from the procambial area, differentiation into each cell type occurred synchronously, in a coordinated manner. All cells enlarged as they were displaced from the Kranz precursor area, but the BSC precursors were initially larger and remained relatively larger than the other cell types throughout leaf development The developmental changes sharply distinguished BSCs from the adjacent MCs at the onset of Kranz formation and continued until maturity. Chloroplast enlargement also occurred during cell displacement, but the rate of enlargement was greater in BSCs, resulting in larger chloroplasts at later stages. However, no significant structural differences were detected among the chloroplasts of BSC and MC in the early stages. Most of the specialized features appeared at the young-leaf stage; structural dimorphism became prominent at the later stages. This enhanced development of the BSC chloroplasts was correlated with asymmetric distribution of cellular components. In addition, the BSC formed thin primary pit fields with numerous plasmodesmata. Peripheral reticulum was present, but generally was not conspicuous. We also discuss the characteristics of leaf anatomy and ultrastructure in E. maculata as they relate to the C_4 photosynthetic pathway.

Evaluation of the Anti-osteoporosis and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Euphorbia maculata

Bui Thi Thuy Luyen,BUIHUU TAI,Nguyen Phuong Thao,이상현,장해동,이영미,김영호 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.5

Antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis activities of extractsand chemical constituents from the whole plant of Euphorbiamaculata were investigated. The MeOH extract, as well as EtOAcand H2O fractions (10.0 μg/mL), exhibited potent antioxidantactivities. Their oxygen radical absorbance capacity and cupricion reducing antioxidant capacity values were 27.07±0.31 to28.47±0.36 and 43.86±0.26 to 46.67±0.34 fold higher than thoseof 1.0 μM Trolox, respectively. The MeOH extract and EtOAcfraction (at 10.0 μg/mL) also significantly suppressed excessivebone resorption by osteoclasts with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) activity values of 154.90±4.25 and 163.95±9.77%,respectively. Bioassay guided isolation of the EtOAc and H2Ofractions afforded 19 known compounds (1−19). Of these,compounds 18, and 13−15 showed good antioxidant activitybased on peroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing capacity assays,whereas compounds 1, 4, 7, and 14 showed the most significantinhibitory effect with TRAP activity values ranging from 121.31±1.41 to 110.00±3.74% relative to the control.