화력발전소 배연탈황설비

김병남(Byung-Nam Kim) 대한기계학회 2003 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2003 No.11

The purpose of this paper is to present the principle of desulfurization and composition of major equipments to understand the flue gas desulfurization system in coal fired power plant. Wet limestone-gypsum process is chosen as a optimum method to reach high SOx removal efficiency. The values described here as liquid to gas ratio, stoichiometric ratio of limestone, pH, gypsum quality are from the experimental and numerical studies. Especially, the optimum efficiency of SOx removal requires adequate residence time to ensure. The FGD system consists of absorber. mist eliminator, spray nozzle, oxidation system, recirculation pump, limestone storage & handling system, gypsum dewatering & storage system and waste water treatment system. To achieve the best efficiency, FGD system shall be designed in consideration of economical point of view and systematic operation of components.

제철 산업부산물인 석회석 슬러지의 배연탈황 공정 적용에 관한 연구

서성관,추용식,심광보,이종규,송훈,윤영민,Seo, Sung Kwan,Chu, Yong Sik,Shim, Kwang Bo,Lee, Jong Kyu,Song, Hun,Yun, Young Min 한국세라믹학회 2014 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.51 No.6

The flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process is currently the most effective process utilized to remove sulfur dioxide from stack gases of coal-fired plants. However, FGD systems use a lot of limestone as desulfurizing agent. In this study, we use limestone sludge, which is a by-product of the steel industry, to replace the desulfurizing agent of the FGD system. The limestone particle size is found to be unrelated to the desulfurizing rate; the gypsum purity, however, is related. Limestone sludge mixes with limestone slurry delivered at a constant rate in a desulfurizing agent with organic acid are expected to lead to a high desulfurization efficiency and high quality by-product (gypsum).

탈황설비환경에서 Cu , Sb가 첨가된 저합금강과 409L 스테인리스강의 부식 거동 비교 연구

박선아 ( Sun-ah Park ),신수빈 ( Su-bin Shin ),김정구 ( Jung-gu Kim ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2016 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.54 No.7

The corrosion behavior of low alloy steel containing Cu, Sb and 409L stainless steel was investigated for application in the low-temperature section of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. The electrochemical properties were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization testing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 16.9 vol% H2SO4 + 0.35 vol% HCl at 60 ℃. The inclusions in these steels were identified by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The corrosion products of the steels were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corrosion rate of the low alloy steel containing Cu, Sb was about 100 times lower than that of 409L stainless steel. For stainless steel without passivation, active corrosion behavior was shown. In contrast, in the low alloy steel, the Cu, Sb compounds accumulated on the surface improved the corrosion resistance by suppressing the anodic dissolution reaction. †(Received July 30, 2015; Accepted February 22, 2016)

도시가스 용 바이오 가스 정제 시스템 개발

이현진,고상욱,이인동,정인희,고재욱 한국가스학회 2019 한국가스학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Korea is natural gas importer which imports a lot quantities which 20% of the volume of US exports in 2018. Biogas which can satisfy gas demand and respond effectively to climate change, will be an alternative. However, only 20% of biogas production is sold, which is also not efficient and difficult to use. The purpose of this study develops an optimal purification system for supplying biogas as city gas. We develope an optimal system by analyzing biogas for system selection, finding cases for system design, developing scenario, and developing a cost - benefit tool. 우리나라는 천연가스 수입국으로 2018년 미국이 수출한 물량의 20%를 수입할 정도로 많은 양을 수입하고 있다. 이에 가스 수요를 만족시키며, 기후변화 대응에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 바이오가스는 대체제가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 바이오가스의 생산량의 20%만이 판매되고 있고, 이 역시 효율이 좋지 못해 활용하기 어려운실정이다. 본 연구에서는 바이오가스를 도시가스로 공급 할 수 있는 최적의 정제 시스템을 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 시스템 선정을 위한 바이오가스에 대한 분석, 시스템 설계를 위한 사례 발굴, 시나리오 구성, 비용편익 툴을 개발하고 사례 적용하여 최적의 시스템을 개발하고자 하였다.

배연탈황설비의 에너지 절약형 트레이 흡수탑에 대한 수치 해석적 연구

황재민(Jae Min Hwang),최쌍석(Ssang Suk Choi),정진택(Jin Taek Chung) 대한기계학회 2010 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.34 No.8

본 연구는 대형 석탄 화력 발전소 탈황설비 내 흡수탑의 성능향상을 위하여 Tray 설치 가능성을 검토하기 위한 연구로 전산 유체역학(CFD) 기법을 이용하여 탈황설비 내 흡수탑의 내부유동을 전산해석하였다. 흡수탑 내의 Gas와 Slurry의 거동에 대한 사실적 묘사를 위해 Euler-Lagrangian 기법을 이용한 전산해석을 수행하였다. 기존 흡수탑 내에 Tray를 설치함에 따라 탈황설비 내에서 Slurry의 체공시간 증가로 인한 펌프동력 절감과 압력강하 증가로 인한 Fan의 소요동력 증가에 대하여 중점적으로 비교 및 고찰하였다. 그 결과 Tray를 설치함에 따라 흡수탑 내에 Slurry의 체공시간과 배기가스의 압력강하가 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 체공시간 증가로 인하여 절약된 동력이 압력강하에 의한 동력 소모량 증가보다 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. This study is performed to study the effect of the tray in the absorber of a flue-gas desulphurization (FGD) system by using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique. Stagnant time of slurry and the pressure drop in the FGD absorber increase when a tray is used in the absorber. Stagnant time of slurry results in an increase in the desulfurization effect and a decrease in the power of the absorber recirculation pump; however, increased pressure drop requires more power of booster fan in the FGD system should be increased. The gas and slurry hydrodynamics inside the absorber is simulated using a commercial CFD code. The continuous gas phase has been modeled in an Eulerian framework, while the discrete liquid phase has been modeled by adopting a Lagrangian approach by tracking a large number of particles through the computational domain. It was observed that the power saved upon increasing the stagnant time of slurry was more than increased power with pressure drop.

안내깃 형상에 따른 배연탈황 시스템 배관 내 유동 특성에 관한 전산수치해석

김형래(Hyeong Rae Kim),황인식(In Sik Hwang),박상신(Sang Shin Park),민지은(Jee Eun Min),황정호(Jungho Hwang) 대한기계학회 2018 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.42 No.3

최근 초미세먼지(PM2.5)로 인하여 국민건강이 위협을 받고 있어 이에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 석탄화력발전소는 초미세먼지의 주요 배출원으로 지목되고 있으며 특히 연소 과정에서 배출되는 황산화물은 화학반응을 통해 초미세먼지를 2차적으로 발생시킨다. 따라서 석탄화력발전소에서는 배기가스 중 황산화물을 제거하기 위하여 배연탈황 설비를 운영 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 여수화력 1호기 탈황설비의 안내깃 형상에 따른 배관 내 유동 특성을 전산해석을 통해 예측하였다. 운전조건은 115% BMCR을 사용하였으며, 초기 설계된 안내깃과 이를 변경한 3가지 추가 안내깃에 대하여 배기가스의 유속 분포와 속도균일도 등을 비교 하였다. 이를 통해 배관 내 유동 충돌을 최소화하고 속도 균일도가 최대가 되는 설계안을 도출하였다. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the ultrafine particle (PM2.5), because public health has been threatened. Gas-phase sulfur oxides discharged from the coal-fired power plants are designated as the main source of ultrafine dust. Therefore, coal-fired power plants are operating flue gas desulfurization facilities to remove gas-phase sulfur oxides from the exhaust gas. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for Yeosu thermal power plant Unit 1 desulfurization system were performed. Specifically, the effect of guide vane shape on duct flow characteristics was studied. The operating conditions were 115% BMCR, and the flow velocity distribution and velocity uniformity of the exhaust gas were compared for the initially designed, and the three additional guide vane shapes. Considering minimum fluid collision and maximum velocity uniformity, the optimal design case of the guide vane was suggested.

탈황설비용 탄소강 코팅조성물의 내산성에 관한 연구

김인기,유정근,Kim, In-Ki,Ryu, Jeong-Koon 한국결정성장학회 2006 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.16 No.6

발전소의 탈황설비에 적용하기 위한 B-H 코팅조성물을 탄소강에 코팅하여 $65^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$에서 경화시켰다. 이들 시편을 $100^{\circ}C$와 $120^{\circ}C$의 70 wt% $H_2SO_4$ 용액에 접촉시킨 후 코팅조성물의 조성, 비이커스 경도, SEM에 의한 미세구조 등을 분석하였다. 황산에 대한 내산성은 내산성 시험후 코팅 조성물의 $SO_3$양과 관련이 있었다. 경화온도가 높을수록, 경화시간이 짧을수록 내산성이 좋았으나 고온일 경우에는 균열이 더 많이 발생하여 내산성을 떨어뜨렸다 B-H 코팅 조성물의 고온 내산성을 향상시키기 위한 조건은 경화온도 $65^{\circ}C$이상, 경화시간 12시간 이상이었다. Coating mixtures of the resin B-H for the application to the desulfurization system of power plant were coated on carbon steels and cured at the temperature of $65^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$. After being contacted with 70wt% $H_2SO_4$ solution of $100^{\circ}C\;and\;120^{\circ}C$ for several hours, their composition, Vicker's hardness and microstructures by SEM were examined. Corrosion resistance of the coating mixtures to $H_2SO_4$ solution was related to the content of $SO_3$ in the coated specimens after corrosion test. The lower curing temperature and the shorter curing time the coated specimens went through, the higher corrosion resistance to acid they showed, but the more cracks were developed at higher temperature. It was realized that the corrosion resistance to sulfaric acid solution was increased on the condition of curing temperature above $65^{\circ}C$ and curing time above 12 hours at least.

직접 황 회수 공정으로 유입되는 재생가스에 함유된 미량산소의 촉매활성저하 원인 규명

최희영(Hee-Young Choi),박노국(No-Kuk Park),이태진(Tae Jin Lee) 한국청정기술학회 2014 청정기술 Vol.20 No.3

재생공정에서 황화 된 탈황흡수제의 재생을 위하여 산소는 산화제로 사용되었다. 재생공정에서 미량의 미 반응 산소는 직접 황 회수 공정으로 유입된다. 그러나, SO₂ 환원을 위한 반응성은 미 반응 산소의 다양한 이유에 의해서 저하된다. SO₂ 환원을 위한 반응성 실험을 위해 Sn-Zr계 촉매가 사용되었으며, SO₂와 O₂는 각각 5.0 vol%와 4.0 vol%로 고정하였고 300-450 ℃와 1-20 atm에서 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 고온건식 탈황공정의 직접 황 회수공정에 유입되는 미 반응산소에 의한 촉매반응성 저하에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. SO₂ 환원으로 생성된 원소 황은 미 반응산소에 의해서 재산화되고, redox반응기구에서 Sn-Zr계 촉매의 빈 격자 산소자리가 미 반응산소에 의해서 재산화되므로 SO₂ 전화율은 감소되는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 환원제로써 공급된 CO는 미 반응산소에 의해서 산화되어 연소열에 의해 촉매 충전 층 온도가 상승되기도 한다. 결과적으로 충전 층의 빠른 온도상승은 활성 물질을 소결시켜 촉매의 비활성화를 초래하게 된다. In order to regenerate the sulfidated desulfurization sorbent, oxygen is used as the oxidant agent on the regeneration process. The small amount of oxygen un-reacted in regeneration process is flowed into direct sulfur recovery process. However, the reactivity for SO₂ reduction can be deteriorated with the un-reacted oxygen by various reasons. In this study, the deactivation effects of un-reacted oxygen contained in the off-gas of regeneration process flowed into direct sulfur recovery process of hot gas desulfurization system were investigated. Sn-Zr based catalysts were used as the catalyst for SO₂ reduction. The contents of SO₂ and O₂ contained in the regenerator off-gas used as the reactants were fixed to 5.0 vol% and 4.0 vol%, respectively. The catalytic activity tests with a Sn-Zr based catalyst were for SO₂ reduction performed at 300-450 ℃ and 1-20 atm. The un-reacted oxygen oxidized the elemental sulfur produced by SO₂ catalytic reduction and the conversion of SO₂ was reduced due to the production of SO₂. However, the temperature for the oxidation of elemental sulfur increased with increasing pressure in the catalytic reactor. Therefore, it was concluded that the decrease of reactivity at high pressure is occurred by catalytic deactivation, which is the re-oxidation of lattice oxygen vacancy in Sn-Zr based catalyst with the un-reacted oxygen on the catalysis by redox mechanism. Meanwhile the un-reacted oxygen oxidized CO supplied as the reducing agent and the temperature in the catalyst packed bed also increased due to the combustion of CO. It was concluded that the rapidly increasing temperature in the packed bed can induce the catalytic deactivation such as the sintering of active components.

탈황 설비용 유기 라이너의 평가

송요승(Yo Seung Song),권현옥(Hyun Ok Kwan),조남인(Nam In Jho) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2012 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.29 No.11

The organic linings at flue gas desulfurization systems (FGD system) in power plant have the excellent chemical properties but, lose the anticorrosive properties according to the aging with environment conditions. The properties of the organic linings depend on the manufacturing company. Therefore, the basic properties of organic linings for the preestimate of life time should be examined by conducting the aging and the bond strength test according to temperature. The pre-aging samples were compared with the post-aging samples. The temperature conditions of the aging process were 70, 150 and 200 ℃. The bond strength was calculated and the cross sections of fracture surface were examined by optical microscope and SEM. The T_g was examined by DSC, DTA and TGA.

배연탈황시설 폐수에서 아황산에 의한 수은의 환원: 동역학 및 화학종 모델링

커트루이스솔리스 ( Kurt Louis B. Solis ),남고운 ( Go Un Nam ),홍용석 ( Yongseok Hong ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

The re-emission of mercury (Hg), as a consequence of the formation and dissociation of the unstable complex HgSO₃, is a problem encountered in flue gas desulphurization (FGD) treatment in coal-fired power plants. A model following a pseudo-second-order rate law for Hg²⁺ reduction was derived as a function of [SO₃ ^2-], [H⁺] and temperature and fitted with experimentally obtained data to generate kinetic rate values of (0.120 ± 0.04, 0.847 ± 0.07, 1.35 ± 0.4) mM^-1 for 40°, 60°, and 75℃, respectively. The reduction of Hg²⁺ increases with a temperature increase but shows an inverse relationship with proton concentration. Plotting the model-fitted kinetic rate constants yields ΔH = 61.7 ± 1.82 kJ mol^-1, which is in good agreement with literature values for the formation of Hg0 by SO₃ ^2-. The model could be used to better understand the overall Hg²⁺ re-emission by SO₃ ^2- happening in aquatic systems such as FGD wastewaters.