Code-switching and cognitive models of the process of simultaneous interpreting

Won, Jong-Hwa 한국통역번역학회 2007 통역과 번역 Vol.9 No.2

Won, Jong-Hwa. (2007). Code-switching and cognitive models of the process of simultaneous interpreting. Conference Interpretation and Translation, 9(2), 89-112. Bilingual code-switching has long been recognized as an important linguistic phenomenon worthy of serious investigation. Code-switching is a special skill possessed by bilinguals which allows them to switch from one language to another in the course of a communicative exchange without slowing down speech delivery. The process involves the integration of the morphological, phonological, and syntactic structures of the two codes or languages in real time. Code-switching is a particularly vital aspect of the behavior of the simultaneous interpreters. Indeed, one of the major defining characteristics of simultaneous interpreting is that it inevitably involves code-switching in which switches occur moment by moment not only by the speakers but by the interpreters themselves. Code-switching can also be said to occur when interpreters listen in one language and delivers in another. Few interpreting models formulated so far, however, have incorporated the code-switching process, with the result that simultaneous interpreting is presented as a strict, linear, one-way process. This paper asks the question “To what extent should the theory of code-switching be drawn upon in describing and explaining the process of simultaneous interpreting?” and a tentative answer is offered by integrating the switching process into Setton’s (1999) simultaneous interpreting model. Keywords: Code-switching, mental lexicon, parsing, executive, frame

Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Optical CDMA를 위한 Extended Hadamard Code

지윤규(Yoon Kyoo Jhee) 大韓電子工學會 2010 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.47 No.5

Hadamard code를 이용한 spectral-amplitude-coding optical code-division multiple-access(OCDMA)는 효율적인 시스템을 구성할 수 있으나 2ⁿ개의 code length만을 갖는 특성을 지닌다. 이의 한계성을 극복할 수 있는 extended Hadamard codes를 제안하고 주된 잡음인 phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN)를 분석하여 향상된 시스템의 특성을 보인다. Good performance of spectral-amplitude-coding optical CDMA can be obtained using codes based upon Hadamard matrices, but Hadamard codes have very restrictive code lengths of 2ⁿ. In this paper a new code family, namely extended Hadamard code, is proposed to relax the code length restriction and the number of simultaneous users. The improved performance of the proposed system is analysed with the consideration of phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN).

Spectral-Amplitude-Coding Optical CDMA를 위한 Modified Hadamard Code

지윤규(Yoon Kyoo Jhee) 大韓電子工學會 2011 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.48 No.8

Hadamard code를 이용한 spectral-amplitude-coding optical code-division multiple-access(OCDMA) 시스템은 2<SUP>n</SUP>개의 code length만을 갖는 특성을 지니어 최대 사용자 수의 조절이 어렵고 phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN)가 커서 효율적인 시스템 구성이 어렵다. 이의 한계성을 극복할 수 있는 modified Hadamard codes를 제안하고 잡음 분석을 통하여 향상된 시스템 특성을 보인다. Spectral-amplitude-coding optical CDMA systems using codes based upon Hadamard matrices have very restrictive code lengths of 2<SUP>n</SUP> and high phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN). In this paper a new code family, namely modified Hadamard code, is proposed to relax the code length restriction and the number of simultaneous users. The improved performance of the proposed system is analysed with the consideration of noise.

Code authorship identification using convolutional neural networks

Abuhamad, Mohammed,Rhim, Ji-su,AbuHmed, Tamer,Ullah, Sana,Kang, Sanggil,Nyang, DaeHun Elsevier 2019 Future generation computer systems Vol.95 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although source code authorship identification creates a privacy threat for many open source contributors, it is an important topic for the forensics field and enables many successful forensic applications, including ghostwriting detection, copyright dispute settlements, and other code analysis applications. This work proposes a convolutional neural network (CNN) based code authorship identification system. Our proposed system exploits term frequency-inverse document frequency, word embedding modeling, and feature learning techniques for code representation. This representation is then fed into a CNN-based code authorship identification model to identify the code’s author. Evaluation results from using our approach on data from Google Code Jam demonstrate an identification accuracy of up to 99.4% with 150 candidate programmers, and 96.2% with 1,600 programmers. The evaluation of our approach also shows high accuracy for programmers identification over real-world code samples from 1987 public repositories on GitHub with 95% accuracy for 745 C programmers and 97% for the C++ programmers. These results indicate that the proposed approaches are not language-specific techniques and can identify programmers of different programming languages.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We proposed three CNN-based code authorship identification systems. </LI> <LI> We explained various source code representations and our feature learning technique. </LI> <LI> We then fed the code representations into a CNN-based code authorship model. </LI> <LI> Large-scale code authorship process of different programming languages is conducted. </LI> <LI> Our technique identified a large number of programmers (1,600) with 99.5% accuracy. </LI> </UL> </P>

관심기반 채택모형(CBAM)에 기반한 초등교사의 코딩교육 관심도 분석

이철현 한국실과교육학회 2018 한국실과교육학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Coding education occupies an important position in elementary school software education. It is important to find what kind of concerns the elementary school teachers in charge of software education at elementary school have on the coding education. In this study, we analyzed 419 elementary school teachers’ stage of concerns about coding education based on Concerns-Based Adoption Model(CBAM). In the research, the stage of concerns in coding education of elementary school teachers showed characteristics most similar to nonuser profiles. Male teachers were more interested in coding education than female teachers, showed more concerns in exploring alternative aspects of coding education and the interests of teacher groups. Teachers with experiences of training have higher concerns in coding education than teachers without experiences of training, and they were interested in the influences on students and the cooperation with coworker teachers. The lower the coding ability and coding preference, the less concerned in coding education, the uncertainty, and the less concerns in the influences of coding education. Therefore, in order to eliminate the uncertainty of the coding education that elementary school teachers possess, the educational authorities have to guide what they should prepare, and have to clarify what they can offer to teachers. Research on the effectiveness of coding education should been expanded and it is necessary to be widely known to teachers. and coding education training curriculum must be made that includes sufficient methods and informations for coding education management. Training course for improving teachers’ coding ability should be expanded, and it is necessary to make effective use of teachers love and be good at coding. 코딩교육은 초등학교 소프트웨어교육에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 초등학교에서 소프트웨어교육을 담당할 초등교사가 코딩교육에 대해 어떤 관심도를 갖고 있는지 파악하는 일은 중요하다. 이 연구는 CBAM에 기반하여 초등교사 419명을 대상으로 코딩교육 관심도를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 초등교사의 코딩교육 관심도는 비사용자의 프로파일과 가장 유사한 특성을 보였다. 남자 교사가 여자교사보다 코딩교육의 관심도가 더 높았고, 코딩교육의 대안적 측면과 교사집단의 이익을 모색하는데 더 많은 관심을 보였다. 연수경험이 있는 교사가 없는 교사보다 코딩교육 관심도가 높았고, 학생들에게 미치는 영향과 동료 교사와의 협력에 더 관심이 많았다. 코딩역량과 코딩선호도가 낮을수록 코딩교육에 무관심하고, 불확실해 하며, 코딩교육이 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 낮았다. 따라서 초등교사들이 갖고 있는 코딩교육의 불확실성을 해소하기 위하여 무엇을 준비해야 하는지 안내해야 하고, 교육당국이 무엇을 제공할 수 있는지 명확하게 해야 한다. 코딩교육의 효과에 대한 연구가 확대되어 널리 알려질 필요가 있고, 코딩교육 운영 방법과 정보가 충분히 포함된 코딩교육 연수교육과정이 만들어져야 한다. 코딩역량 향상을 위한 연수가 확대되어야 하고, 코딩을 좋아하고 잘하는 교사를 유용하게 활용하는 방안이 필요하다.

OQMCAR: An enhanced network coding-aware routing algorithm based on queue state and local topology

( Cunbo Lu ),( Song Xiao ),( Yinbin Miao ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.8

Existing coding aware routing algorithms focused on novel routing metric design that captures the characteristics of network coding. However, in packet coding algorithm, they use opportunistic coding scheme which didn`t consider the queue state of the coding node and are equivalent to the conventional store-and-forward method in light traffic load condition because they never delay packets and there are no packets in the output queue of coding node, which results in no coding opportunity. In addition, most of the existing algorithms assume that all flows participating in the network have equal rate. This is unrealistic since multi-rate environments are often appeared. To overcome above problem and expand network coding to light traffic load scenarios, we present an enhanced coding-aware routing algorithm based on queue state and local topology (OQMCAR), which consider the queue state of coding node in packet coding algorithm where the control policy is of threshold-type. OQMCAR is a unified framework to merge single rate case and multiple rate case, including the light traffic load scenarios. Simulations results show that our scheme can achieve higher throughput and lower end-to-end delay than the current mechanisms using COPE-type opportunistic coding policy in different cases.

Design of Learning Process with Code Reconstruction Principle for Non-computer Majors

Hye-Wuk Jung 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.10 No.4

To develop computational thinking skills, university students are learning how to solve problems with algorithms, program commands and grammar, and program writing. Because non-computer majors have difficulty with computer programming-related content, they need a learning method to acquire coding knowledge from the process of understanding, interpreting, changing, and improving source codes by themselves. This study explored clone coding, refactoring coding, and coding methods using reconstruction tools, which are practical and effective learning methods for improving coding skills for students who are accustomed to coding. A coding learning process with the code reconstruction principle was designed to help non-computer majors use it to understand coding technology and develop their problem-solving ability and applied the coding technology learning method used in programmer education.

개별 언론사 언론윤리강령 현황 분석과 개선방안 검토

조소영 (사)한국언론법학회 2022 언론과 법 Vol.21 No.3

The establishment of the ethical code of the media company itself can be evaluated as part of an effort to overcome the crisis of journalism, and it can play a shielding role to protect the independence and autonomy of the press by excluding government interference in advance. For this reason, the necessity of analyzing the press ethics code of the press is recognized. This study examines the adequacy of the self-regulatory system by analyzing the current state of the ethical codes of domestic media companies in consideration of the necessity of a code of ethics in the press under the premise of the diagnosis of the crisis of the press, and examines improvement measures to secure effectiveness. First, the codes of ethics established by the media-related organizations were examined in the national sense, and the codes of ethics of individual media companies collected as analysis subjects were compared and analyzed in terms of form, content, and operation. As a result of the analysis, inconsistency in the names was seen in the formal aspect of the code of ethics regulations of individual domestic media companies, and the existence or non-existence of the organization that judges whether the regulations were violated was different. In terms of content, the specific details are somewhat different, but the protection of freedom of the press and the social responsibility of the press are given priority, and the order of reporting, reporting ethics, professional ethics, protection of rights, relieving damage or minimizing damage, and maintaining dignity as a journalist, They had in common that they were regularized in that order. The differences in content between the codes of ethics of the press can be found in the types of grounds for prohibition of discrimination, the scope of a person subject to the code, the presence or absence of content of internal democratic regulations・political/religious neutrality・prohibition of political activities. And in terms of operation, there were differences and problems in the existence and content of periodic education on ethics codes, detailed provisions on the functions and authority of the ethics committee, and revision of the ethics codes. Since the essence of the code of ethics for journalism is true voluntary self-regulation, I proposed measures to improve the code of ethics based on the recognition that it is important to secure the relevance of the contents of the code and to secure the effectiveness of the code. The Code of Ethics is a guideline to be implemented in the field. Therefore, I proposed measures to ‘reorganize clear and concrete ethical provisions for effectiveness’, ‘disclosure of the press ethics code’, and ‘introduction and institutionalization of an internal control system’. This was a study to suggest an opinion for the Korean media to carry out their duties based on professional ethics and to make efforts to strengthen the ethical check system through the improvement of the self-regulatory system. 언론사 자체의 윤리규범 확립은 저널리즘 위기를 극복하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 평가될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 정부의 간섭을 미연에 배제함으로써 언론의 독립과 자율성을 지킬 수 있는 방패 역할을 할 수 있다는 점에서, 언론사의 언론윤리강령에 대한 분석의 필요성이 인정된다. 본 연구는 언론의 위기라는 시대적 진단을 전제로 언론윤리강령의 이러한 필요성을 고려하여 국내 언론사들의 윤리강령 현황을 분석함으로써 자율규제 시스템의 적절성을 살펴보고, 실효성을 확보하기 위한 개선방안에 대해 검토하였다. 먼저 언론유관조직에서 제정한 전국적 의미의 윤리강령을 살펴보고, 분석대상으로 수집된 개별 언론사의 언론윤리강령을 형식상, 내용상, 운영상의 면에서 비교분석하였다. 분석 결과, 국내 개별 언론사들의 윤리강령 규정의 형식적인 면에서는 명칭이 통일되지 않았고 규정 위반 여부를 심사하는 기구의 존부가 달랐다. 내용적인 면에서 구체적인 상세한 내용들은 다소간 차이가 있지만, 언론의 자유 수호와 언론의 사회적 책임을 우선적으로 규정하고 취재・보도 윤리・직업윤리・권리보호・피해구제 또는 피해 최소화・언론인으로서의 품위 유지의 순으로 규정하고 있다는 점에 공통점이 있었다. 내용상의 차이점은 차별금지사유의 종류, 수범자의 범위, 사내민주주의 규정・정치적・종교적 중립이나 정치활동 금지 규정 유무 등에서 찾아볼 수 있었다. 그리고 운영상의 면에서는 윤리규정에 대한 주기적 교육실행 규정, 윤리위원회의 기능과 권한 등에 관한 구체적인 규정, 윤리규정의 개정 규정 등의 유무와 내용의 차이와 문제점이 있었다. 언론윤리강령의 본질은 진정한 자발적 자율규제라는 점에서 규정내용 자체의 적실성 확보와 규정의 실효성 확보가 중요하다는 인식을 바탕으로 언론윤리강령 개선 방안을 제안했다. 윤리강령이 현장에서 실행되어야 할 행동지침이라는 점에서 ‘실효성을 위한 명확하고도 구체적인 윤리규정 정비’ 방안, ‘언론윤리강령의 공개’ 방안, ‘내부통제 시스템 도입 및 제도화’ 방안을 제안하고 정리했다. 이 연구는 우리 언론이 전문직업군의 직업윤리에 입각한 책무를 수행하고, 자율규제시스템 개선을 통한 윤리점검 시스템을 강화하는 노력을 하기 위한 하나의 의견을 제시하고자 한 연구였다.

Design and Implementation of a Low-Code/No-Code System

Chang Young Hyun 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.8 No.4

This paper is about environment-based low-code and no-code execution platform and execution method that combines hybrid and native apps. In detail, this paper describes the Low-Code/No-Code execution structure that combines the advantages of hybrid and native apps. It supports the iPhone and Android phones simultaneously, supports various templates, and avoids developer-oriented development methods based on the production process of coding-free apps and the produced apps play the role of Java virtual machine (VM). The Low-Code /No-Code (LCNC) development platform is a visual integrated development environment that allows non-technical developers to drag and drop application components to develop mobile or web applications. It provides the functions to manage dependencies that are packaged into small modules such as widgets and dynamically loads when needed, to apply model-view-controller (MVC) pattern, and to handle document object model (DOM). In the Low-Code/No-Code system, the widget calls the AppOS API provided by the UCMS platform to deliver the necessary requests to AppOS. The AppOS API provides authentication/authorization, online to offline (O2O), commerce, messaging, social publishing, and vision. It includes providing the functionality of vision.

On LCD codes over finite chain rings

Ylmaz Durgun 대한수학회 2020 대한수학회보 Vol.57 No.1

Linear complementary dual (LCD) codes are linear codes that intersect with their dual trivially. LCD cyclic codes have been known as reversible cyclic codes that had applications in data storage. Due to a newly discovered application in cryptography, interest in LCD codes has increased again. Although LCD codes over finite fields have been extensively studied so far, little work has been done on LCD codes over chain rings. In this paper, we are interested in structure of LCD codes over chain rings. We show that LCD codes over chain rings are free codes. We provide some necessary and sufficient conditions for an LCD code $C$ over finite chain rings in terms of projections of linear codes. We also showed the existence of asymptotically good LCD codes over finite chain rings.