기성 지대주와 맞춤형 CAD-CAM 지대주의 적합 및 나사 안정성 비교

김종욱,허유리,김희중,정재헌,Kim, Jong-Wook,Heo, Yu-Ri,Kim, Hee-Jung,Chung, Chae-Heon 대한치과보철학회 2013 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.51 No.4

연구 목적: 본 연구에서는 기성 지대주와 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주의 적합성 및 나사 사이의 안정성 대해 알아보고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 오스템 임플란트 시스템을 이용하였다. 동일회사에서 제작된 기성 지대주(Transfer abutment, Osstem Implant Co. Ltd, Busan, Korea) 및 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주(CustomFit abutment, Osstem Implant Co. Ltd, Busan, Korea)와 국내 외주 제작된 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주(Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea)를 5개씩 선택, 제작하였으며 나사는 각 회사에서 제공되는 것을 사용하였다. 제조사의 지시에 따라 고정체와 지대주를 30 Ncm으로 조인 후 초기 풀림 토크를 3회 반복 측정한 후 통계 분석하였다(${\alpha}=.05$). 고정체-지대주 연결체를 에폭시 레진에 매몰 후 습식 절삭 및 연마하여 계면 사이의 적합성을 FE-SEM으로 관찰하였다. 결과: 지대주의 초기 풀림 토크 값은 각각 기성 지대주(Transfer abutment)에서 $26.0{\pm}0.30Ncm$, 동일 회사에서 제작된 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주(CustomFit abutment)에서 $26.3{\pm}0.32Ncm$, 외주로 제작된 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주(Myplant abutment)에서 $24.7{\pm}0.67Ncm$였다. 국내 외주 제작된 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주에서 유의적으로 낮은 초기 풀림 토크 값을 보였으며(P=.027), 고정체-지대주 계면에서 변연 간극이 관찰되었다. 결론: 본 실험의 한계 내에서 국내 외주 제작된 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주는 동일 회사에서 제작된 기성 지대주나 맞춤형CAD-CAM 지대주에 비해 더 낮은 나사 안정성 및 적합성을 보인다고 볼 수 있다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the fit and screw joint stability between Ready-made abutment and CAD-CAM custom-made abutment. Materials and methods: Osstem implant system was used. Ready-made abutment (Transfer abutment, Osstem Implant Co. Ltd, Busan, Korea), CAD-CAM custom-made abutment (CustomFit abutment, Osstem Implant Co. Ltd, Busan, Korea) and domestically manufactured CAD-CAM custom-made abutment (Myplant, Raphabio Co., Seoul, Korea) were fabricated five each and screws were provided by each company. Fixture and abutments were tightening with 30Ncm according to the manufacturer's instruction and then preloding reverse torque values were measured 3 times repeatedly. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis of the preloading reverse torque values (${\alpha}=.05$). After specimens were embedded into epoxy resin, wet cutting and polishing was performed and FE-SEM imaging was performed, on the contact interface. Results: The pre-loading reverse torque values were $26.0{\pm}0.30Ncm$ (ready-made abutment; Transfer abutment) and $26.3{\pm}0.32Ncm$ (CAD-CAM custom-made abutment; CustomFit abutment) and $24.7{\pm}0.67Ncm$ (CAD-CAM custom-made abutment; Myplant). The domestically manufactured CAD-CAM custom-made abutment (Myplant abutment) presented lower pre-loading reverse torque value with statistically significant difference than that of the ready-made abutment (Transfer abutment) and CAD-CAM custom-made abutment (CustomFit abutment) manufactured from the same company (P=.027) and showed marginal gap in the fixture-abutment interface. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present in-vitro study, in domestically manufactured CAD-CAM custom-made abutment (Myplant abutment) showed lower screw joint stability and fitness between fixture and abutment.

치과기공의 디지털화에 대한 치과기공사의 인식에 관한 연구 - 대구·경북지역 치과기공소를 중심으로 -

이종도,박광식 대한치과기공학회 2011 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this survey research was to investigate the Perception level of CAD/CAM of dental techique. Methods: This survey was carried out in the metropolitan areas of the cities of Daegu and Gyeong-buk. Surveys were filled out by consenting dental technicians. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 for Windows. As for the analysis methods, the study used the frequency analysis, Ttest, F-test. Results: Perception of CAD/CAM showed differences in General characteristics associated with education level, monthly salary. Perception of CAD/CAM showed differences in professional characteristics associated with working area, working part. Perception of CAD/CAM showed differences in understanding of CAD/CAM associated with CAD/CAM operating experience, CAD/CAM educational experience. Conclusion: In order to improve the Perception level of CAD/CAM of dental technician, A variety education and follow-up research is need.

국내 CAD/CAM의 동향과 적용 사례에 관한 연구

김성겸 한몽경상학회 2006 한몽경상연구 Vol.17 No.2

컴퓨터의 이용한 설계의 자동화(CAD)에서 생산 제작(CAM)의 자동화까지 발전하여 설계와 제작을 통합한 CIM에서 생산 전반의 공정 자동화를 추구하는 PDM으로 발전하였다. 이용된 컴퓨터는 워크스테이션 4~8개를 1 unit로 네트워크에 연결한 호스트 컴퓨터를 주로 사용하고 있다. CAD/CAM의 도입이 필요한 금형 업계의 그 활용도는 소규모 기업이 45%, 40인 이상의 기업이 겨우 70%정도이다. 그러나 CAD와 CAM이 서로 연결하여 활용하는 곳은 적은 편이며, 사용되는 소프트웨어는 AutoCAD, CAD맥스, 기타 워크스테이션 용 소프트웨어의 순이다. 이 밖에 가공, 보석, 의류 디자인에 이용되고 있으나 선진국과 같이 PDM이나 ERP로 발전하여 영업, 설계, 물류 등을 결합한 완전한 CAD/CAM시스템의 구현이 절실한 실정이다.

치과기공 CAD/CAM 사용에 대한 실태변화

나정숙 대한치과기공학회 2015 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the usage of CAD/CAM, which is one of dental technologist duties, in an effort to look for any possible changes in the usage of CAD/CAM. It's specifically meant to compare the results of this study with those of Lee Jong-do, Park Kwang-Sig(2011)'s study in March, 2011, to determine if there were any changes over the past four years. The selected variables that were investigated were the ownership of CAD/CAM, awareness of it, the route of acquiring the first information on it, the merits and demerits of its usage, usage experience and educational experience about it. Methods: An online survey was conducted on the dental technologists who worked in urban communities including metropolitan cities to find out the usage of CAD/CAM in 2015 from July 15 to 31, 2015, after existing questionnaire items were modified. The collected data were analyzed by IBM SPSS statistics 22.0, and statistical data on frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation for each item were obtained. To figure out the characteristics of the subjects and the relationship between their occupational characteristics and the usage of CAD/CAM, crosstabs, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized. As for the usage of CAD/CAM in 2011, the results of Lee Jong-do, Park Kwang-Sig(2011)'s study were selected, and then a comparative analysis was made. The level of significance was all set at .05. Results: As a result of analyzing the usage of CAD/CAM that was one of dental technologist duties, there was a great increase in the ownership of CAD/CAM in their workplaces from 2.4 percent in 2011 to 71.7 percent in 2015, and there was an improvement in awareness about it and the necessity of its usage as well. In 2011, the Internet and mass media were the most common route that they got to know about it. They had a strong tendency to acquire related knowledge through education in 2015, and there were some changes in the products that they used or preferred. In both years, the great merit of CAD/CAM was the simplified manufacturing process of restoration, and it had another great advantages in 2015 such as the improved quality of restoration or improved environments for dental technology. Concerning disadvantages, high price was a big problem in 2011. In 2015, not only price but the burden of material costs, frequent breakdown, poor demand among dental clinics and a lack of CAD/CAM professionals were pointed out a lot. In the future, this researcher intends to make research to seek ways of improving CAD/CAM professionals. Conclusion: There was more awareness of CAD/CAM in 2015 than in 2011 when the changes in awareness of it were analyzed, and the finding suggest the necessity of sustained education and concern.

A Feasibility Study into the Application of CAD/CAM in a Traditional Industry Sector

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,하중규 한국디자인지식학회 2008 디자인지식저널 Vol.8 No.-

This work provides feasibility of computer aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) for a small company in a traditional industry sector. To establish, to what extent would CAD/CAM be a viable option for a small company using traditional methods? The implementation of this research carried out via a questionnaire to a selected number of companies, interviewed with companies operations directors and sales representative that supplies CAD/CAM systems. In order to insure that literature reviewed the new technology of CAD/CAM to see a suitable option, which would offer improvements to the organisation and work force. Many companies felt the need to implement CAD/CAM was the only way to face the future and ensure competitiveness. Financial constraints within a small company affected the choice of CAD/CAM implemented. Result of implementing new technology was the affect on the employee and employer. As a result all of the companies that have implemented CAD/CAM have all been trading between 40 and 65 years and have had this technology for over 3 years, with the exception of 1 which had only been trading for 7 years and had only used the technology for under a year. The three interviews gave further evidence to support points suggested by the literature review particularly with regard to how CAD/CAM affects the individual employee and employer. High maintenance costs was a reason given for not using CAD/CAM in the questionnaire. The reason why a small fabrication company want to implement CAD/CAM was increasing its production of bespoke products, production of components. A good maintenance program should be in place to ensure continued production and minimal downtime is needed to implement CAD/CAM successfully.

한국 귀금속산업 활성화 방안분석

박승철(Seung-Chul Park) 한국콘텐츠학회 2009 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.9 No.12

1980년대 이전의 한국귀금속산업은 전통 공예와 디자인의 발달사를 제외하면 마케팅 및 사업적인 측면에서는 의의는 거의 없었다. 재화의 가치에서 장신구의 가지로 변화 되어온 국내 주얼리 시장은 1980년대 이후 해외여행자유화 및 86아시안게임과 88서울올림픽을 계기로 주얼리 제조 산업에 중요한 전환점을 맞이하게 되었다. 1990년대 이전 제품의 대량 생산을 가능하게 정밀 주조기법의 도입으로 급성장하게 된 주얼리 시장은 1990년대 이후 CAD/CAM의 도입과 함께 주얼리 제조 산업은 새롭게 변화하기 시작하였다. 주얼리 제조 산업은 과거 핸드메이드라고 불리던 수 가공 작업에서 대량 생산을 위한 마스터를 기본으로 하는 정밀 주조 산업으로 변화되어 왔다. 이에 마스터의 개발은 디자인 개발과 함께 주얼리 생산업체에 중요한 과제로 제시 되어 왔고 CAD/CAM의 도입으로 디자인과 마스터 개발에 다각화를 가져오게 되었다. 본 연구는 먼저 국내 주얼리 시장의 현주소와 CAD/CAM에 대한 이해와CAD/CAM의 장점 및 활용방법을 알아보고 이를 통해서 주얼리 시장의 활성화 방안을 제시해 보고자 한다. Except for traditional industrial art and history of design development, Korea jewelry industry before 1980‘s, had little meaning in the aspect of marketing and business. Domestic jewelry market which have changed from the value of goods to value of ornaments, faced important transition point for jewelry industry by the chance of in Asian Game held in 1986, and money of overseas traveler after 1980s. The rapidly-grown Jewelry field by the introduction of detail casting method to make it possible mass-production of the products before 1990's, began to change into new system, with introducing CAD/CAM after 1990's. Jewelry industry has changed from manual work called handmade to the detail casting industry based on master for mass-production. For this, the development of master, with the design development, have been suggested as important task to jewelry industry firms, and by the introduction of CAD/CAM, the diversification of design and master development has been made up. In this study, we would try to find out current status of domestic jewelry field and to understand CAD/CAM, and advantage of CAD/CAM, and through this, suggest good solution to precipitate domestic jewelry market.

3D CAD/CAM 방식을 활용한 주얼리 디자인에 관한연구

이형규(Lee, Hyung Kyu),윤지영(Yoon, Jiyoung) 한국디자인지식학회 2014 디자인지식저널 Vol.31 No.-

주얼리 산업분야에서 3D CAD/CAM 시스템의 활용은 1990년 대 후반 Jewel CAD 와 JCAD CAD PRO의 도입으로 시작되었다. 현재 RHION 3D, MATRIX 3D 등 다양한 소프트웨어와 CNC 및 RP장비의 보급으로 주얼리 산업분야에서의 3D CAD/CAM의 활용은 안정화 단계에 있다. 반면 학계에서는 소프트웨어에 대한 학술적 연구나 교육에 있어서 활용하고 있으나 고가의 장비 보유가 어려워 장비의 활용 및 연구가 다소 미약한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 주얼리 디자인에 있어서 3D CAD의 필요성을 살펴보고 CAM장비의 활용성 부분에서 CNC 및 RP장비의 이해와 각 장비의 특징과 활용, 주얼리 업계에서 대중적으로 사용되고 있는 장비에 대하여 알아본다. 또한 CNC 및 RP장비를 활용한 작품을 살펴보고 작품 설명을 통하여 연구의 이해를 높였다. 이에 현재 3D CAD/CAM 시스템의 발전과 향후 3D 프린팅의 대중화로 인한 주얼리 업계의 산업 구조의 변화를 살펴보고 긍정적인 측면과 함께 동반된 부정적 측면, 나아가 주얼리 업계가 해결해 나가야하는 문제점의 해결 방안을 제시해본다. 또한 향후 장비 기술의 발전이 주얼리 업계에 미칠 영향력과 발전 방향을 제시해 보고자한다. The utilization of 3D CAD/CAM system in jewelry industry fields started with the introduction of CAD and JCAD CAD PRO in the late 1990"s. At present, with the propagate of RHION 3D, MATRIX 3D etc. including various softwares and CNC and the RP equipment, the utilize of 3D CAD/CAM in jewelry industry fields are in stabilization stage. Whereas, the academia uses scientific research or education on softwares. However, retaining high priced equipment is difficult, therefore, uses of equipments and studies are tenuous. In this study, the necessity of 3D CAD in jewelry design is examined and the understanding of equipment in CNC and RP, the feature and utilize of each and the equipment, which is being used public in jewelry industries are examined. The work which the equipment of CNC and RP is applied, is shown demonstratively as well. The understanding of this research is raised through the explanation of the work. Accordingly, due to the popularization of the development of 3D CAD/CAM at the present and the future 3D printing, the change of industrial structure in jewelry industries is examined and both positive and negative sides, furthermore, the solution plan to the problems that needs to be solved in jewelry industries are suggested. The effects and direction of improvements which the development of future equipment technique will influence in jewelry industries are suggested as well.

A Feasibility Study into the Application of CAD/CAM in a Traditional Industry Sector

Page, Tom,Thorsteinsson, Gisli,Ha, Joong Gyu 한국디자인지식학회 2008 디자인지식저널 Vol.8 No.-

This work provides feasibility of computer aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) for a small company in a traditional industry sector. To establish, to what extent would CAD/CAM be a viable option for a small company using traditional methods? The implementation of this research carried out via a questionnaire to a selected number of companies, interviewed with companies operations directors and sales representative that supplies CAD/CAM systems. In order to insure that literature reviewed the new technology of CAD/CAM to see a suitable option, which would offer improvements to the organisation and work force. Many companies felt the need to implement CAD/CAM was the only way to face the future and ensure competitiveness. Financial constraints within a small company affected the choice of CAD/CAM implemented. Result of implementing new technology was the affect on the employee and employer. As a result all of the companies that have implemented CAD/CAM have all been trading between 40 and 65 years and have had this technology for over 3 years, with the exception of 1 which had only been trading for 7 years and had only used the technology for under a year. The three interviews gave further evidence to support points suggested by the literature review particularly with regard to how CAD/CAM affects the individual employee and employer. High maintenance costs was a reason given for not using CAD/CAM in the questionnaire. The reason why a small fabrication company want to implement CAD/CAM was increasing its production of bespoke products, production of components. A good maintenance program should be in place to ensure continued production and minimal downtime is needed to implement CAD/CAM successfully.

CAD/CAM 전문 인력 양성을 위한 교육 및 업무의 필요성

나정숙 대한치과기공학회 2016 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to ascertain the need to reform curriculums for digital experts in a way that include the practical and educational aspects of dental labs by determining why educational reforms are needed to comply with changes in dental technology business that are brought by the applications of digital scanning and what changes are being actually brought by the use of CAD/CAM. Methods: This study analyzed the need of education and practice in relation to CAD/CAM by using the independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA. in accordance with the participants demographic characteristics and job-related variables and factors related to CAD/CAM, and provided only some of the analysis results that were found statistically significant. Concerning the need of education and practice in relation to CAD/CAM, the study also used the independent sample t-test to measure difference in the perception of that need within each of the three groups, or those of job performance, job efficiency and knowledge gain at the signficance level of α=.05. Results: Dental technologists surveyed here were perceiving that the use of CAD/CAM would bring changes in their job performance, job efficiency and knowledge gain. They were expecting that the biggest changes would be made in work climate and product quality as sub-areas of job performance. However, they said that in terms of job efficiency, the use of CAD/CAM would change job contribution, job satisfaction and job efficiency, but not lead to staffing. These results suggest that more special programs for CAD/CAM education are needed to bring up CAD/CAM experts who are more specialized. Conclusion: Among 13 skills related to CAD/CAM, what is most needed to be educated to dental technologists was molding the occlusal surface (M=4.19), followed by designing the 3-D work (M=4.17), final shape modification (M=4.16), molding the border (M=4.15) and checking the fit of prothesis (M=4.14) in order.

멀론 파절 시험 모델을 이용한 치과용 CAD/CAM왁스 블록의 절삭 가공성 및 가공 정확성 평가

정창섭 대한치과재료학회 2023 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.50 No.3

본 연구는 ISO 18675:2022에 명시된 멀론(Merlon) 파단 시험 모델을 이용하여 치과용 CAD/CAM 왁스 블록의 가공성및 가공 정확성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 3종의 CAD/CAM 왁스 블록(WAX DISK α, CASTING WAX, and MAZIC Wax)을 사용하였다. 멀론 파절 시험 시편을 준비하기 위해 세 가지 두께(0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm)로 CAD 참조데이터(CRD)를 설계하였다. 밀링 머신을 사용하여 90개의 시편을 제작하였다. 가공된 시편의 가공성 점수는 육안검사를 통해 계산되었다. CAD 참조 데이터와 CAD 시편 데이터를 중첩하고, 중첩된 데이터의 RMS 값을 계산하여가공 정확성을 확인하였다. 결과 값은 one-way ANOVA(α= 0.05)로 평가하였고, 사후 분석은 Tukey HSD test를 이용하였다. 가공성과 가공 정확성 결과에서 치과용 CAD/CAM 왁스 블록은 종류와 관계없이 0.4 mm 두께에서 가장 우수한가공성을 나타내었다. 또한, 0.4 mm 실험군의 가공 정확성은 HCW군(28.74±2.11 µm)과 VMW군(32.23±3.45 µm)이YWD군(36.94±4.31 µm) 보다 우수하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 이러한 결과는 정확한 보철물 제작을 위한 사전 지식과효율적인 가공 방안에 대한 객관적인 지표를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study evaluated the machinability and machining accuracy of dental CAD/CAM wax blocks using the merlon fracture test model specified in ISO 18675 (2022). Three types of CAD/CAM wax blocks (WAX DISK α, CASTING WAX, and MAZIC Wax) were used in this study. The merlon fracture test specimens were prepared using the CAD reference data with three different thicknesses (0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm). Ninety samples were fabricated by using a milling machine. The machinability score of the fabricated sample was counted by visual inspection. The machining accuracy was estimated by overlapping the CAD reference data and the CAD specimen data and calculating the RMS value from the overlapped data. The values of the result were evaluated by one-way ANOVA (α=0.05), and post-hoc analysis was performed using the Tukey HSD test. As a result of machinability and machining accuracy, dental CAD/CAM wax blocks showed the best machinability at a thickness of 0.4 mm regardless of type. Additionally, in the machining accuracy of the 0.4 mm experimental group, the HCW group (28.74±2.11 µm) and the VMW group (32.23±3.45 µm) were superior to the YWD group (36.94±4.31 µm) (P<0.05). Therefore, these results are expected to provide objective indicators for prior knowledge and efficient processing plans for accurate dental prostheses.