연초의 세균성마름병 저항성 유전에 관한 연구

정석훈 한국연초학회 2000 한국연초학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Bacterial wilt(Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the major diseases of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in the world. This study was conducted to investigate degree of dominance, selection, and correlation between leaf shape and degree of bacterial wilt resistance in flue-cured tobacco. The degree of disease caused by bacterial wilt was evaluated in parents, F$_1$, F$_2$ and F$_3$ populations of two crosses, BY 4 x NC 95 and BY 4 x Coker 86, in the infected field. The leaf shape index was also measured in parents and F$_2$ population of BY 4 x NC 95. The incidence of bacterial wilt was observed in the middle of June and peaked in late July, when the highest value of pathogen density reached 1.0 x 10$^{6}$ colony forming unit per gram. It was concluded that the inheritance mode of risestance to bacterial wilt in the above two crosses of susceptible and resistant varieties was recessive and polygenic. The resistance to bacterial wilt was significantly correlated with leaf shape in F2 generation of BY 4 x NC 95. But certain plants having narrower leaves were also resistant to bacterial wilt. It is considered that the bacterial wilt resistant lines having narrower leaves could be selected. The selection for bacterial wilt resistance in the F$_2$ population might be effective.

토마토 대목용 품종 ‘파워가드’ 육성

최학순,양은영,조명철,채영,김옥례,정효봉 한국국제농업개발학회 2020 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

‘파워가드’는 ‘6TS72S’ב07-9-47’ 교배조합에서 계통 분리 하여 선발하였다. 2007년 풋마름병 저항성 대목 품종인 ‘B 바리아(다끼이)’와 ‘B블로킹(다끼이)’ 간 교배를 실시하여 F1 조합을 작성하였고, 여기에 시듦병 저항성 유전자를 집적하기 위해 저항성 자원인 ‘07-9-47’과 다시 교배하였다. 매년 2세대씩 풋마름병 인공 접종을 실시하여 저항성 개체를 선발하였으며, 시듦병 저항성은 분자표지를 이용하여 확인하였다. 후대검 정으로 우수계통을 선발하고 2009년과 2010년 1년 2세대 진전으로 형질을 고정하였다. 2011년 풋마름병과 시듦병 등에 저항성을 보이며 균일성과 안정성이 확보된 F6세대의 고정계통을 최종적으로 육성하였고 이를 ‘파워가드’라고 명명하였다. ‘파워가드’는 풋마름병 뿐만 아니라 시듦병(I3), 고구마 뿌리혹 선충(Rex), 토마토 모자이크 바이러스(ToMV), 줄기 마름병 (Asc1), TYLCV(Ty3)에 복합내병성을 가지고 있다. ‘파워가드’의 생장형은 무한형이며 과형은 원형이며 평균과중 40 g 정도, 당도는 4.2 oBrix 정도이다. ‘Powerguard’ was developed from three-way crosses between two bacterial wilt resistant cultivars and a Fusarium wilt resistant line. In 2007, a F1 hybrid, ‘6TS72S’ was obtained from a cross between ‘B-barrier’ (Takii Seed Co.) and ‘B-blocking’ (Takii Seed Co.). Both parental lines were resistant to bacterial wilt. To stack Fusarium wilt resistance gene, ‘6TS72S’ was crossed with ‘07-9-47’. Two generations were proceeded per year by selecting individuals resistant to both bacterial and Fusarium wilt. For selection, bacterial wilt inoculation, and Fusarium wilt molecular marker tests were applied. Superior progenies were selected through progeny tests and the resistance characteristics were fixed through generation advancement during 2009 (F2~F3) and 2010 (F4~F5). In 2011, an inbred line (F6) with bacterial and Fusarium wilt resistance along with uniformity and stability were obtained and designated as ’Powerguard’. The cultivar ‘Powerguard’ is resistant not only to bacterial wilt and but to Fusarium wilt (I3), root knot nematode (Rex), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), alternaria stem canker (Asc1) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Ty3). ‘Powerguard’ shows indeterminate growth and has round-shaped fruits with average 40 g weight and 4.2oBrix sugar content.

Reduced Tomato Bacterial Wilt by Ferrous Chloride Application

Kim Hyeon Ji,Kim Su Min,Kim Yeon Hwa,Park Jeong Hoon,Kang Dong Ki,Yun Jae Gill,Shin Ryoung,Hong Jeum Kyu 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.1

Exogenous ferrous chloride (FeCl₂) suppressed in vitro growth of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, causing bacteria for tomato bacterial wilt. More than 50 μM of FeCl₂ reduced the in vitro bacterial growth in dosedependent manners. Two to 200 μM of FeCl₂ did not affect the fresh weight of detached tomato leaves at 3 and 5 days after the petiole dipping without the bacterial inoculation. The bacterial wilt of the detached tomato leaves was evaluated by inoculating two different inoculum densities of R. pseudosolanacearum (10⁵ and 10⁷ cfu/ml) in the presence of FeCl₂. Bacterial wilt in the detached leaves by 10⁵ cfu/ml was efficiently attenuated by 10–200 μM of FeCl₂ at 3 and 5 days post-inoculation (dpi), but bacterial wilt by 10⁷ cfu/ml was only reduced by 200 μM of FeCl₂ at 3 and 5 dpi. These results suggest that iron nutrients can be included in the integrated disease management of tomato bacterial wilt.

Chemical Pesticides and Plant Essential Oils for Disease Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Lee, Young-Hee,Choi, Chang-Won,Kim, Seong-Hwan,Yun, Jae-Gill,Chang, Seog-Won,Kim, Young-Shik,Hong, Jeum-Kyu The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.1

Efficacy of different control methods was evaluated for disease management of tomato bacterial wilt caused by $Ralstonia$ $solanacearum$. All six chemical pesticides applied to the bacterial suspension showed $in$ $vitro$ bactericidal activities against $R.$ $solanacearum$. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of copper hydroxide (CH), copper hydroxide-oxadixyl mixture (CH+O), and copper oxychloride-dithianon mixture (CO+D) were all 200 ${\mu}g/ml$; MIC of copper oxychloride-kasugamycin (CO+K) mixture was 100 ${\mu}g/ml$; MICs of both streptomycin- validamycin (S+V) and oxine copper-polyoxine B mixture (OC+PB) were 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. Among these chemical pesticides, treatment of the detached tomato leaves with the 5 pesticides (1 mg/ml), except for OC+PB delayed early wilting symptom development caused by the bacterial inoculation ($10^6$ and $10^7$ cfu/ml). Four pesticides, CH, CH+O, CO+K and S+V, showed disease protection in pot analyses. Six plant essential oils, such as cinnamon oil, citral, clove oil, eugenol, geraniol and limonene, differentially showed their antibacterial activities $in$ $vitro$ against $R.$ $solanacearum$ demonstrated by paper disc assay. Among those, cinnamon oil and clove oil exert the most effective activity for protection from the wilt disease caused by the bacterial infection ($10^6$ cfu/ml). Treatment with cinnamon oil and clove oil also suppressed bacterial disease by a higher inoculum concentration ($10^7$ cfu/ml). Clove oil could be used for prevention of bacterial wilt disease of tomato plants without any phytotoxicity. Thus, we suggest that copper compounds, antibiotics and essential oils have potency as a controlling agent of tomato bacterial wilt.

Chemical Pesticides and Plant Essential Oils for Disease Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt

이영희,최창원,김성환,윤재길,Seog Won Chang,김영식,홍점규 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.1

Efficacy of different control methods was evaluated for disease management of tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. All six chemical pesticides applied to the bacterial suspension showed in vitro bactericidal activities against R. solanacearum. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of copper hydroxide (CH), copper hydroxide-oxadixyl mixture (CH+O), and copper oxychloride-dithianon mixture (CO+D) were all 200 μg/ml; MIC of copper oxychloride-kasugamycin (CO+K) mixture was 100 μg/ml; MICs of both streptomycin-validamycin (S+V) and oxine copper-polyoxine B mixture (OC+PB) were 10 μg/ml. Among these chemical pesticides, treatment of the detached tomato leaves with the 5 pesticides (1 mg/ml), except for OC+PB delayed early wilting symptom development caused by the bacterial inoculation (106 and 107 cfu/ml). Four pesticides,CH, CH+O, CO+K and S+V, showed disease protection in pot analyses. Six plant essential oils, such as cinnamon oil, citral, clove oil, eugenol, geraniol and limonene,differentially showed their antibacterial activities in vitro against R. solanacearum demonstrated by paper disc assay. Among those, cinnamon oil and clove oil exert the most effective activity for protection from the wilt disease caused by the bacterial infection (106 cfu/ml). Treatment with cinnamon oil and clove oil also suppressed bacterial disease by a higher inoculum concentration (107 cfu/ml). Clove oil could be used for prevention of bacterial wilt disease of tomato plants without any phytotoxicity. Thus, we suggest that copper compounds, antibiotics and essential oils have potency as a controlling agent of tomato bacterial wilt.

고추 풋마름병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정법 확립

황성민,장경수,최용호,김헌,최경자 한국식물병리학회 2017 식물병연구 Vol.23 No.4

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease in cultivation of chili pepper, causing plant death and significant yield losses. Cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is the most suitable measure to control bacterial wilt of chili pepper. To establish an efficient screening method for resistant chili pepper to R. solanacearum, six resistant or susceptible cultivars to the R. solanacearum were selected and the development of bacterial wilt on the cultivars according to several conditions was investigated. Drenching bacterial suspension into the cut roots using a scalpel was more simple and effective to distinguish resistant and susceptible cultivars than inoculation methods of root-dipping or soil-drenching without wounding. A resistant pepper, ’MC4’ to R. solanacearum showed high resistance under the developed conditions which were 21- to 28-day-old pepper inoculated with 1×108 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension. On the other hands, the susceptible cultivars represented high disease severity under the conditions. These results indicated that we developed an efficient method to evaluate resistance of chili pepper cultivars against bacterial wilt. In addition, we successfully evaluated resistance degree of 140 commercial chili pepper cultivars to R. solanacearum using the developed method.

Induced Systemic Resistance by Bacillus vallismortis EXTN-1 Suppressed Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

Park, Kyung-Seok,Paul, Diby,Kim, Yong-Ki,Nam, Ki-Woong,Lee, Young-Kee,Choi, Hyo-Won,Lee, Sang-Yeob The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.1

Biocontrol activity of five strains of selected rhizo-bacteria were tested in tomato against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. After root bacterization the plants were grown in a perlite-hydroponic system. Upon challenge inoculation with the pathogen, all of the rhizobacterial strains efficiently suppressed the bacterial wilt in tomato in various rates, at maximum by the strain, Bacillus vallismortis strain EXTN-1. While the percent of infected plants in the non-bacterized control plants were 95%, it was only 65% in plants pre-treated with EXTN-1. It was also demonstrated that the movement of R. solanacearum within the stem was significantly hampered when the plants were root bacterized. As EXTN-1 has no antagonistic properties against R. solanacearum, the bacterial wilt was probably suppressed by a mechanism other than antibiosis. Previously, the strain had been proven to produce an efficient elicitor for inducing systemic resistance in many crops. As the present study confirmed that EXTN-1 has the ability for reducing the pathogen spread in tomato, the strain could be effectively used as a potential biocontrol agent against bacterial wilt.

Evaluation of Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Genetic Resources at Seedling Stage

Kim, Sang Gyu,Hur, On-Sook,Ro, Na-Young,Ko, Ho-Cheol,Rhee, Ju-Hee,Sung, Jung Sook,Ryu, Kyoung-Yul,Lee, Sok-Young,Baek, Hyung Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.1

Bacterial wilt of tomatoes caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease that limits the production of tomato in Korea. The best way to control this disease is using genetically resistant tomato plant. The resistance degree to R. solanacearum was evaluated for 285 tomato accessions conserved in the National Agrobiodiversity Center of Rural Development Administration. These accessions of tomato were originated from 23 countries. Disease severity of tomato accessions was investigated from 7 days to 14 days at an interval of 7 days after inoculation of R. solanacearum under greenhouse conditions. A total of 279 accessions of tomato germplasm were susceptible to R. solanacearum, resulting in wilt and death in 70 to 90% of these plants. Two tomato accessions were moderately resistant to R. solanacearum. Only four accessions showed high resistance against R. solanacearum. No distinct symptom of bacterial wilt appeared on the resistant tomato germplasms for up to 14 days after inoculation of R. solanacearum. Microscopy of resistant tomato stems infected with R. solanacearum revealed limited bacterial spread with thickening of pit membrane and gum production. Therefore, these four resistant tomato germplasms could be used in tomato breeding program against bacterial wilt.

First Report of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 Race 1 on Tomato in Egypt

Mohamed A. A. Seleim,Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,Kenawy M. Abd-El-Moneem,Farag A. Saead 한국식물병리학회 2014 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.30 No.3

This study aims to isolate and identify the causal pathogenof tomato bacterial wilt in Egypt. In 2008, tomato plants showing typical symptoms of bacterial wilt diseasewith no foliar yellowing were observed in Minia, Assiut and Sohag governorates, Egypt. When cut stems of symptomatic plants were submerged in water, whitishooze was evident and longitudinal sections showed a brown discoloration in the vascular tissues. Bacteria were isolated on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium and fifteen isolates shown typical morphological and cultural characteristics were confirmed as Ralstonia solanacearumbiovar 2 race 1. Pathogenicity tests showed that all isolates proved to be pathogenic to tomato plants, varied from 52 to 97% wilting. This is the first report of  R. solanacearum  biovar 2 race 1 causing bacterialwilt in tomato crop in Egypt.

First Report of Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 Race 1 on Tomato in Egypt

Seleim, Mohamed A.A.,Abo-Elyousr, Kamal A.M.,Abd-El-Moneem, Kenawy M.,Saead, Farag A. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2014 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.30 No.3

This study aims to isolate and identify the causal pathogen of tomato bacterial wilt in Egypt. In 2008, tomato plants showing typical symptoms of bacterial wilt disease with no foliar yellowing were observed in Minia, Assiut and Sohag governorates, Egypt. When cut stems of symptomatic plants were submerged in water, whitish ooze was evident and longitudinal sections showed a brown discoloration in the vascular tissues. Bacteria were isolated on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium and fifteen isolates shown typical morphological and cultural characteristics were confirmed as Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 race 1. Pathogenicity tests showed that all isolates proved to be pathogenic to tomato plants, varied from 52 to 97% wilting. This is the first report of R. solanacearum biovar 2 race 1 causing bacterial wilt in tomato crop in Egypt.