엘리트 운동선수의 성격유형이 긍정심리자본과 운동성과에 미치는 영향

장태석(Chang, Tai-seok),윤서진(Youn, Seo-jin),박종철(Park, Jong-Chul) 한국사회체육학회 2021 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.85

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the five personality factors of elite athletes and their effects on positive psychological capital and athletic performance. Method: The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 25.0. The significant level of hypothesis verification is set-up as α=.05. Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1. It was found that the personality of domestic elite athletes had a partial significant effect on positive psychological capital. In detail, the extraversion of the 5 personality factors had a positive effect on the self-efficacy of positive psychological capital, and affinity had a negative effect on hope, optimism, and resilience of positive psychological capital. Also, neuroticism had a positive effect on optimism, and conscientiousness had a positive effect on self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience. Openness was found to have a positive effect on self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience. 2. It was found that the personality of domestic elite athletes had a partial significant effect on athletic performance. In detail, the extraversion of the 5 personality factors was found to have a positive effect on athletic life performance and athletic performance, and neurosis was found to have a negative effect on athletic life performance and athletic performance. Also, sincerity and openness were found to have a positive effect on athletic life performance. However, the affinity of the 5 personality factors did not have a statistically significant effect on the athletic life performance and athletic performance. 3. It was found that the positive psychological capital of domestic elite athletes had a partially significant effect on athletic performance. In detail, the self-efficacy and resilience of positive psychological capital were found to have a positive effect on athletic life performance and athletic performance, and hope was found to have a positive effect on athletic life performance. Also, it was found that optimism had a positive effect on athletic performance. Conclusion: In summary, it was confirmed that the personality of elite athletes is an important variable that can predict positive psychological capital and athletic performance, and it is judged that this can be used as basic data to emphasize the importance of personality.

Relationships between Leadership, Exercise Flow, and Athletic Performance as Perceived by Female Taekwondo Players

( Eun Ji Kim ),( Myung Kyu Jung ),( Shin Ja Lim ) 국제태권도학회 2017 International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies Vol.2017 No.-

Purpose: Multi-precedent studies report that Exercise Flow has a positive effect on athletic performance, and the level of Exercise Flow can be determined by leadership that leaders show. Given this fact, it is anticipated that leadership, Exercise Flow, athletic performance would have correlative associations. Yet, there have been few researches about the validity test of all of the relationships. In this regard, the purpose of the current study is to determine the right leadership for female Taekwondo players and to develop the best method for enhancing their athletic performance. To achieve the purpose, this study is going to investigate the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Leaders’ leadership as perceived by female Taekwondo players influences Exercise Flow. Hypothesis 2: Leaders’ leadership as perceived by female Taekwondo players influences athletic performance. Hypothesis 3: Female Taekwondo players’ Exercise Flow influences athletic performance. Methods: As the population group, this research study selected female Taekwondo players who were attending middle and high schools, targeting the player participants in the 46th National Association of Taekwondo Competition and the 25th Minister of Defense of Taekwondo Championship. We limited the number of research subjects to 362. The research tools utilized in this study were modified and complemented based on the questionnaire tested through precedent studies. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions (3 questions of demographic features, 16 leaders’ leadership questions, 8 Exercise Flow questions, and 3 athletic performance questions) with a Likert scale of 5 points. Specifically, Taekwondo leaders’ leadership was studied with the tool of Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS) devel-oped by Chelladurai and Saleh (1980). Exercise Flow activities were studied by modifying and complementing a questionnaire developed by Jeong (1997). Lastly, athletic performance was studied by modifying and complementing questions devised by Fiedler and Bil-lo (1973). In order to test the validity and reliability of the research tools, we implemented convergent validity and internal consistency with the use of confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s α coefficient. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation were conducted with PASW/PC 23 and AMOS 18.0. The significance of the indirect effect was tested with Bootstrapping. Results: This research study conducted causal relations of each variable by establishing research hypothesis (H1~ H3). First, Hypothesis 1 assumed that leaders’ leadership perceived by female Taekwondo players would have effects on Exercise Flow. This hypothesis was proved statistically significant with a 0.721 path coefficient (t = 6.828, p = 0.000) and adopted. Second, Hypothesis 2 assumed that leaders’ leadership perceived by female Taekwondo players would have effects on athletic performance. This hypothesis was proved statistically significant with a 0.227 path coefficient (t = 1.969, p = 0.050) and adopted. Third, Hypothesis 3 assumed that Exercise Flow in female Taekwondo players would have effects on athletic performance. This hypothesis was proved statistically significant with a 0.671 path coefficient (t = 7.503, p = 0.000) and adopted. According to the causal effects analysis of research models, the total effect of leaders’ leadership perceived by female Taekwondo players on Exercise Flow reached 0.721, while that of Exercise Flow on athletic performance accounted for 0.711. Lastly, regarding the influences of leaders’ leadership on athletic performance perceived by players, the direct, indirect, and total effects reached 0.227, 0.484, and 0.671, respectively. The indirect effect measured with the use of Bootstrapping was significant. Also, it was found that the causal effect of the all the research models was measured as 2.103. Conclusions: There were correlations between athletic performance of female Taekwondo players, leaders’ leadership, and players’ Exercise Flow. In this context, it is considered that leadership and Exercise Flow perceived by female Taekwondo players are the important factors for improving athletic performance. Taking this into account, the method for enhancing players’ athletic performance should be pursued by understanding and applying the type of leadership suitable for female Taekwondo players and should consider the specific differences between female and male Taekwondo players to achieve a higher level of Exercise Flow. *

Social Support of Taekwondo Athletes on Exercise Stress and Athletic Performance

( Sun Mun Park ),( Jae Eun Lee ) 국제태권도학회 2017 International Symposium for Taekwondo Studies Vol.2017 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social support of Taekwondo athletes on exercise stress and athletic performance. Methods: The subjects were sampled by using cluster random sampling after setting the population for Taekwondo athletes in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gwangju, and the region in 2015. There were 358 participants (200 men and 150 women) selected for the study. Frequency, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0 for Windows. Results: First, Taekwondo athletes' social support exercise stress factors had a significant effect on team related stress, performance related stress, and life related stress. It also had 3.5%, 4.1%, and 5% explanatory power, respectfully. Second, the social support of Taekwondo athletes had a significant effect on the performance of sports performance and athletic performance. Also, 10.7% and 29.8% of the respondents have explanatory power, respectfully. Third, exercise stress of Taekwondo athletes had a significant effect on the performance of sports performance and athletic performance. Also, it showed 13.2% and 10.4% explanatory power, respectively. Conclusions: First, social support of Taekwondo athletes partially affects exercise stress. In other words, the higher the instrumental support, the higher the stress related to team, performance, and personal life. Second, social support of Taekwondo athletes partially affects the athletic performance. In other words, the higher the emotional and material support, the higher the performance. The higher the emotional, material, and instrumental support, the higher the performance of the athletic life. Third, exercise stress of Taekwondo athletes partially affects their athletic performance. Thus, the lower the environmental stress, the higher the performance of team related, performance related, and personal life related stress.

학생선수의 학습 실태 및 학업 성적과 운동 성적과의 관계에 대한 탐색적 연구

이쌍철(Lee ssang cheol) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.10

본 연구는 대회 성적 및 운동 성적 향상을 위해 훈련 중심의 학교 일과가 이루어지고 있는 학생선수 교육 실태에 주목하고, 운동 성적에 따른 학습 실태는 어떠한 차이가 있는지, 훈련 시간과 운동 시간이 운동 성적에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 분석하였 다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 운동 성적에 따른 학습 실태의 차이를 분석한 결과 운동 성적 상위권 학생의 정규 수업 참여 비율이 중위권, 하위권 학생보다 높았으며, 수업 시간 집중도, 과제 제출 충실도 역시 운동 성적 상위권 학생이 높았 다. 둘째, 학업 성적이 운동 성적에 주는 영향을 분석한 결과 학업 성적이 좋은 학생이 운동 성적도 높았다. 셋째, 훈련 시간이 운동 성적에 주는 영향을 분석한 결과 훈련 시간은 운동 성적에 영향을 주지 않았다. 이상의 연구 결과는 훈련 시간뿐만 아니 라 학업 능력이 운동 성적에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다는 점을 밝히고 있다는 점에서 의미를 가지며, 향후 경기력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석함에 있어 체력적, 심리적 요인뿐만 아니라 인지적 요인도 고려해야할 필요성을 제시한다. This study was conducted to improve the athletic performance of student atheles by focusing on the reality where students right to learn is not guaranteed, and examine how their atheletic performance improves with increased training hours and how their academic performance influences their athletic performance. For such purpose, analyses were performed on student athletes learning conditions, as well as the effects of academic performance and training hours on their athletic performance, in which the results are as follows. First, class absence varies significantly according to different types of sports, and the learning rights were relatively well-guaranteed in Jokgu . Second, student athletes class absence was more severe in high school than middle school. Third, no evidence was found that longer training hours led to better athletic performance. Fourth, better academic performance leads to better athletic performance. Such results implies that academic ability may have greater influence on athletic performance than training hours, unlike the traditional belief, and suggests the need to consider the cognitive factors in analyzing the factors that influence athletic performance, as well as physical and psychological factors.

Gymnastic Student Athletes` Perspectives on Debased Athletic Performance

( Daeeun Kim ),( Ooksang Cho ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: The present study focused on why student athletes meet debased athletic performance phenomenon and how they overcome this obstacle. The previous research studies have highlighted the reason why a large number of student athletes experience debased athletic performance utilizing psychological theoretical background. But it is hard to find studies that were conducted in order to investigate student athletes’ potentials and possibilities. Method: The participants of the study were selected by considering student athletes’ athletic performance level and their attitudes toward gymnastic training. Seven gymnastic student athletes were selected as participants of the study and they had ranked in the highest level in the domestic gymnastic events a few years ago. However, currently they have experienced a slump. Participants of the study attended an in-depth interview twice and the interview data were analyzed by inductive analysis method. Trustworthiness was constructed by member check of researchers and participants. Result: According to analysis of participants’ interview data the study found significant reasons for their slump and their problem solving strategies. In terms of the reasons for slump, their physical injury and psychological break were significant. It worked as obstacles to maintain and improve their athletic performance. Physical injury occurred accidently and psychological break came from lower self-esteem and indifference of coaches. But they strongly believed that they can overcome a current situation and suggested their own strategies for a bright future. Conclusion: Participants of the study have fallen into a long period slump. Currently, they could not attend any gymnastic events because of lower athletic performance. But they still wanted to continue their life as a gymnastic athlete and had concrete objectives. They realized that both their gymnastic skills and fitness level were not reach to a standard level yet. However, participants did not abandon their life as a gymnastic athlete and have constructed strategies for improving their athletic performance.

검도선수들이 지각한 변혁적 리더십, 팀 내 커뮤니케이션 및 운동수행 간의 관계: 팀 응집력의 조절된 매개효과 검증

박동훈,양명환 대한무도학회 2020 대한무도학회지 Vol.22 No.3

This study aimed to find out the relationship between transformational leadership and athletic performance through a series of two studies. In Study 1, we tried to find out whether the relationship between transformational leadership and athletic performance can be significantly mediated by intrateam communication. In study 2, we tried to find out if the mediating effect of study 1 was differently moderated by team cohesion. The participants of study 1 were 300 high school kumdo players, and study 2 was 232 university and professional team players. The participants were sampled using purposive sampling. All measurement tools used in this study were produced through standardized procedures, and tools with proven validity and reliability were used. For the data processing of this study, SPSS 18.0, AMOS 18.0, and PROCESS Macro statistical programs were used to perform factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, mediating effect, and moderation effect analysis. Through the above analysis, the following major findings were obtained. First, transformational leadership had a positive effect on athletic performance, but there was no statistical significance. Second, transformational leadership had a significant effect on intrateam communication. Third, intrateam communication had a significant effect on athletic performance. Fourth, transformational leadership had a significant indirect effect on athletic performance through intrateam communication. Fifth, transformational leadership had a positive effect on athletic performance. Sixth, transformational leadership caused negative indirect effects on athletic performance through overall intrateam communication, distinctiveness, and negative conflict communication, and significant positive indirect effects through acceptance and positive conflict. Seventh, the mediating effect of transformational leadership→intrateam communication→athletic performance had different moderating effects depending on the level of team cohesion. 본 연구는 일련의 2편의 연구를 통하여 변혁적 리더십과 운동수행의 관계를 구명하고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 변혁적 리더십과 운동수행의 관계가 팀 내 커뮤니케이션에 의해서 유의하게 매개될수 있는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구 2에서는 연구 1의 매개효과가 팀 응집력에 따라 다르게 조절되는지 여부를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 연구 1의 연구대상자들은 고등학교 검도선수 300명을 선정하였으며, 연구 2에서는 대학, 실업팀 선수 232명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 본 연구의 자료처리는SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0, PROCESS Macro 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계분석, 매개효과 및 조절효과 분석을 실시하였고, 조절변인이 어떠한 조건에서 상호작용효과를 나타내는지에 대한 자세한 설명을 하기 위해 조절변인의 특정 조건 값(평균±표준편차)을 대입하여 상호작용 효과가 어떻게 나타나는지 Daniel Soper의 Interaction 프로그램을 이용하여 그래프로 제시하였다. Johnson-Neyman 기법을 이용하여 조건부 효과의 유의성 영역을 검증하였다. 연구 1, 2의 주요연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변혁적 리더십은 운동수행에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 둘째, 변혁적 리더십은 팀 내 커뮤니케이션에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 팀 내 커뮤니케이션은 운동수행에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 변혁적 리더십은 팀 내 커뮤니케이션을 경유하여 운동수행에 유의한 간접영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 변혁적 리더십은 운동수행에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 여섯째, 변혁적 리더십은 전체 팀 내 커뮤니케이션, 특수성 및 부정갈등 커뮤니케이션을통해서 운동수행에 부(-)의 간접효과를 유발하였고, 수용성과 긍정갈등을 통해서는 유의한 정(+)의간접효과를 유발하였다. 일곱째, 변혁적 리더십→팀 내 커뮤니케이션→운동수행의 매개효과는 팀 응집력 수준에 따라서 상이한 조절효과가 있었다. 커뮤니케이션→운동수행의 매개효과는 팀 응집력 수준에 따라서 상이한 조절효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 스포츠 현장에서 선수들의 커뮤니케이션, 팀응집력이 향상될 수 있도록 지도자의 변혁적 리더십 유형을 적극적으로 활용해야 될 것이다.

중학교 축구선수들이 지각한 부모의 사회적지지와 자아존중감 및 경기력의 관계

한충희(ChungHee Han),천훙(Hong Chen),김주영(JuYoung Kim),정구인(KooIn Jung) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.10

본 연구는 중학교 축구선수들이 지각한 부모의 사회적지지와 자아존중감 및 경기력의 관계를 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 대한축구협회에 등록된 중학교 남자 축구선수를 연구 참여모집단으로 선정하였으며, 그 중 206명의 중학교 축구선수가 본 연 구의 연구 참여자로 선정되었다. 자료 수집은 2018년 7월 20일에서 7월 31일까지였으며, 자료 분석은 SPSS 21을 이용하여 빈도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관 관계분석을 실시하였고, AMOS 21을 이용하여 구조방정식모형 분석을 사용하였 다. 이상과 같은 연구방법과 연구모형 검증을 기초로 본 연구에서 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 중학교 축구선수들이 지각한 부모의 사회적지지가 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중학교 축구선수들이 지각한 부모의 사회적지지가 경기력에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중학교 축구선수들의 자아존중감이 경기력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The objective of this study was to empirically find out middle school soccer players’ difference by figuring out difference in grade and career by general feature and relationship among parental support, self-esteem and athletic performance in order to verify mediator effect of self-esteem in relationship between parental support and athletic performance perceived by middle school soccer player. The subjects of analysis were middle school soccer players who are registered in Korea Football Association. We distributed questionnaire to 210 middle school soccer players who are in Seoul, Cheonan, and Pohang and used 206 survey result which is valid. To analyze result, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted by using SPSS 21. And structural equation model analysis was conducted by using AMOS 21. Based on those analytical methods and models, we drew following conclusions. First, it was shown that parental support has an effect on middle school soccer player’s self-esteem. Second, parental support did not have effect on middle school soccer player’s athletic performance. Third, middle school soccer player’s self-esteem had effect on athletic performance. Fourth, parental support did not have direct effect on athletic performance of middle school soccer player, but had indirect effect on athletic performance through a medium which is self-esteem. Seeing this study result, we could conclude that parental support has indirect effect rather than direct one on athletic performance through self-esteem, which is mediating factor. So, it implies that raising self-esteem can be effective to improve middle school soccer player’s athletic performance. Based on this study result, we suggested way for related further studies.

청소년 축구선수들이 지각한 지도자의 코칭역량과 코치-선수 상호작용이 운동성과에 미치는 영향

조우리,김지태 한국웰니스학회 2024 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.19 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 청소년 축구선수가 지각하는 코칭역량과 코치-선수 상호작용이 운동성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 관계를 규명하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 경기도 및 경상남도 지역의 중·고등학교 축구선수를 모집단으로 선정한 뒤 할당표집에 의해 2개의 권역에 각각 5개소 중·고등학교에서 학교당 30명씩 총 300명을 대상으로 표본을 추출하였으며, 이 중 응답의 일관성이 결여되는 11명의 자료를 제외한 289명의 자료를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료의 처리는 가설을 검증하기 위해 SPSS 26.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 코칭역량(지도역량, 관계역량, 의사소통 역량, 자기개발 역량)은 코치-선수 상호작용의 하위요인인 대화, 기술지도, 믿음, 격려, 노하우에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 코칭역량(지도역량, 관계역량, 의사소통 역량, 자기개발 역량)은 운동성과의 하위요인인 경기력 성과와 운동생활 성과에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 코치-선수 상호작용(대화, 기술지도, 믿음, 격려, 노하우)은 운동성과의 하위요인인 경기력 성과와 운동생활 성과에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결론은 청소년 축구 지도자의 코칭역량에 대한 제고 및 체계화와 아울러 청소년 축구선수들의 운동성과를 향상시킬 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study was to the effects of youth soccer players perceived coaching competence of coaches and coach-athlete interaction on athletic performance The subjects of this study were selected 300 as middle and high schools in Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. Five middle and high schools in each of the two regions were selected using the quota sampling method, and a total sample of 300 students was drawn, 30 per school. Among them, 11 players data was excluded due to inconsistent or missing data. As a result, a total of 289 players data was used for the final analysis. The acquired data was analyzed through the correlation and multiple regression analyses from the SPSS 26.0 program. The results were as follows. First, coaching competency (competency in supervising, relationship, communication, and self-development) was shown to partially affect sub-factors of coach-athlete interaction such as conversation, skills guidance, faith, encouragement, and know-how. Second, coaching competency (competency in supervising, relationship, communication, and self-development) was shown to partially affect sub-factors of athletic performance such as in-game performance and athletic life performance. Third, coach-athlete interaction (conversation, skills guidance, faith, encouragement, and know-how) was found to partially affect sub-factors of athletic performance such as in-game performance and athletic life performance. Based on the conclusion above, it is meaningful to provide the basic data to improve and systematize the coaching competencies of youth soccer leaders and provide a basis for improving the athletic performance of youth soccer players.

지방자치단체 직장운동경기부 선수경기력 평가기준 개선연구

이용식 한국체육정책학회 2016 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this research was to develop athlete performance’s evaluation indicator of athletic department at local governments. Research result are as follow. First, athlete performance’s evaluation indicator of athletic department at local governments needed to individual performance and effort degree at training process together. Second, individual performance needed to include set-up of performance evaluation event, reflection weight of performance evaluation event. Third, individual performance needed to set-up team event and doubles performance’s evaluation score of an individual game and racket game like archery & tennis, individual effort degree like playing time & individual contribution in team at team sport like handball. The suggestion was to needed additionally extension to all sports event of study subject, comprehensive survey towards many executives of sport Federations and coach of athletic department at local governments, correlation of individual performance evaluation and athlete salary.

육상선수의 경기력 발달주기와 단계별 심리경험

김덕현 ( Deok-hyeon Kim ),윤영길 ( Young-kil Yun ) 한국스포츠정책과학원 2023 체육과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

[목적] 본 연구는 육상선수의 경기기록을 토대로 경기력발달단계를 구획하고 발달단계의 연속체인 경기력발달주기를 도출한 후 경기력발달주기의 심리경험을 추출할 목적으로 진행하였다. [방법] 본 연구에서는 은퇴 육상선수 56명이 경기기록을 제공하였으며, 10명이 심층면담에 참여하였다. 비율기록에 장단기 이동평균과 회귀식기울기를 활용해 경기력발달단계를 구획하고, 연속체인 경기력발달주기를 도출하였다. 경기력 발달주기 심리경험 추출을 위하여 심층면담 후 주제분석을 진행하였다. [결과] 첫째, 육상선수의 경기력발달단계는 비율기록에 장단기 이동평균을 산출하고, 장기이동평균이 산출되지 않는 초기 20% 출전비율의 회귀식기울기 평균차를 토대로 입문기, 상승기, 절정기, 쇠퇴기로 구획하였다. 둘째, 경기력발달주기는 경기력발달단계의 연속체로 입문기는 0<비율기록≤7로, 경기기록이 급상승하는 시기이다. 상승기는 7<비율기록≤60으로, 선수가 성장하는 선순환 시기이다. 절정기는 60<비율기록≤74로, 절정의 기록이 유지되는 시기이다. 쇠퇴기는 74<비율기록≤100으로, 경기기록이 하락하는 시기이다. 셋째, 경기력발달주기에 걸쳐 육상선수의 신체지능은 타고난 신체적 우월성을 토대로 기술력이 상승하다 정점에 이루러 유지되다 하락 추세에 진입한다. 경기지능은 경기운영능력과 종목지식이 미숙한 상태에서 점차 성숙하면서 자기화를 지향한다. 심리지능은 초기 심리적 위축을 극복해 자신감을 형성하며 정점에서 심리적 부담을 경험하다 이내 자신감이 하락한다. 환경 맥락에서 경기기록은 초기 급상승하다 완만한 상승을 이어가며 정점에 이르러 유지되다 하락 추세에 진입한다. [결론] 육상선수의 경기력발달주기는 입문기, 상승기, 절정기, 쇠퇴기의 연속체로 구현되고, 경기력발달주기 심리경험은 신체지능, 경기지능, 심리지능, 환경맥락이 주기를 형성한다. 경기력발달주기에 대한 육상계의 관심을 기대한다. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to section the stages of performance development based on the track and field athletes' performance records, derive the performance development span, which was a continuum of the development stages, and extract the psychological experience of the performance development span. METHODS In this study, 56 retired track and field athletes were provided with competition records, and 10 athletes participated in in-depth interviews. With the stage of performance development partitioned using long and short-term moving averages and regression slope in PRR, a continuous of performance development span was derived. To extract psychological experiences in the performance development span, a subject analysis was conducted after an in-depth interview. RESULTS First, the track and field athletes' performance development stage calculated short and long-term moving averages in the PRR. Based on the average difference in the regression slope of the initial 20% CPR in which the long-term moving average was not calculated, it was divided into beginning, rising, peak, and decline periods. Second, the performance development span was a continuum of the stage was of performance development, and the beginning period was 0 < PRR ≤ 7, it was a time when the competition record rises sharply. The rising period was 7 < PRR ≤ 60, which was a virtuous cycle time of growth athlete. The peak period was 60 < PRR ≤ 74, which was a time when the peak record was maintained. The decline period was 74 < PRR ≤ 100, which was a time when the competition record was downward. Third, throughout the performance development span physical intelligence of track and field athletes was based on their natural physical superiority, the technical skills rises and remains at its peak and then enters a downward trend. Competitional Intelligence aims to become personalization as it matures gradually while its competition management capability and game knowledge are immature. Psychological intelligence overcomes the initial psychological atrophy to form confidence, and after experiencing psychological burden at the peak, confidence decreases. In the environmental context, the competition record rises in the early stages, continues to rise, peaks, and enters a downward trend. CONCLUSIONS Track and field athletes' performance development span was implemented as a continuum of beginning, rising, peak, and decline periods, and the psychological experience of the performance development span formed a span of physical intelligence, competitional intelligence, psychological intelligence, and environmental context.