Monitoring of acaricide resistance of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Korean apple orchards

Sang-Hyun Koh,JeongJoon Ahn,임재성,정철의,이시혁,이준호 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.1

Tetranychus urticae populations were collected from ten commercial apple orchards and their susceptibilities to 12 acaricides were tested using a leaf disc bioassay. The resistance of each T. urticae population was reported as the LC50 value, the resistance ratio (RR) and the slope of the probit– concentration regression. Cross resistances of T. urticae populations were estimated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Most local populations showed low resistance levels (RR≤10). Development of resistance to METI and pyrethroid acaricides differed among local populations. The highest RR value (154.6) was found in the Uiseong population to tebufenpyrad. The Geochang population was highly resistant, especially to METI and pyrethroid acaricides. T. urticae populations collected from Suwon, Chungju, Yeongju and Geochang showed moderate resistance (10bRR≤40) to more than two acaricides. Resistance ratios to abamectin, chlorfenapyr, fenbutatin-oxide and milbemectin were low (RR≤10) in all populations. The LC50 values of abamectin, chlorfenapyr, fenbutatin-oxide and milbemectin ranged from 0.06 to 0.2 mg/l, from 0.67 to 3.38 mg/l, from 10.12 to 40.85 mg/l and from 0.47 to 3.01 mg/l, respectively.We discuss possible cross-resistance to acaricides using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

경남 지방의 장미원으로부터 채집된 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae)의 지역별 살비제 감수성

김우룡,김정수,김정부 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1999 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.12 No.-

Susceptibities of Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) collected at 5 locations were assessed to 10 acaricides. The response to acaricides were almost similar in female adults and eggs. There were considerable difference in susceptibility depending on the acaricide treated and the region from which the population was collected. The population showing resistance ratio of more than 20 with respect to certain acaricide was regarded as a resistant population to the acaricide. The resistant population in terms of female adult were as follows : Kimhe population to azocyclotin, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin-oxide ; Changweon population to dicofol and fenbutatin-oxide ; Tongyeong population to dicofol ; Chinju population to cyhextin, dicoful and fenbutatin-oxide ; Haman population to cyhextin and azocyclotin. The resistant populations in terms of egg were as follows : Kimhe population to bifenthrin, hexythiazox and tetradifon ; Changweong population to bifenthrin and amitraz : Tongyeong population to dicofol and tetradifon ; Chinju population to amitraz, clofentezine, and bifenthrin ; Hamang population to hexythiazox, dicofol, and bifenthrin. However, the female adults and eggs of all field population were susceptible to abamectin only. This tendency was also reported previously in the susceptible strain from laboratory.

Toxicity of plant essential oils to acaricide-susceptible and -resistant Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Jun Han,Byeoung-Ryeol Choi,Sang-Gyeu Lee,Young-Joon Ahn 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

The toxicity of 10 plant essential oils to adults of acaricide-susceptible, chlorfenapyr-resistant (CRT-53), fenpropathrin-resistant (FRT-53), pyridaben-resistant (PRT-53), and abamectin-resistant (ART-53) strains of Tetranychus urticae Koch and to female Neoseiulus californicus McGregor was examined using spray or vapor-phase mortality bioassays. In bioassay with the susceptible adults, strong toxicity was produced by lemon eucalyptus, peppermint, citronella Java, thyme red, caraway seed, pennyroyal, and clove leaf essential oils (LC50, 0.0193-0.0327 mg/cm3). The toxicity of these essential oils was almost identical against adults from either of the susceptible and resistant strains, even though CRT-53, FRT-53, PRT-53, and ART-53 adults exhibited high levels of resistance to chlorfenapyr [resistanc ratio (RR), >9140], fenpropathrin (RR, 94), pyridaben (RR, >390), and abamectin (RR,85), respectively. Against female N. californicus was 1.0 to 1.9 times more tolerant than T. urticae to the test essential oils. Thus, these essential oils merit further study as potential acaricides for the control of acaricide-resistant T. urticae populations as fumigants because of their lower toxicity to N. californicus.

Residual Contact Vial Bioassay for the Selection of Effectiv Acaricides against the Two-spotted Spider Mite

Deok Ho Kwon,Ji Hyun Park,Taek Jun Kang,Si Hyeock Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Emergence of resistant two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) can induce the over usage of standard amount of acaricides and result in various side effects. Rapid resistance monitoring is essential step for the efficient management of resistant populations by enabling the selection of appropriate acaricides. Here, we evaluated the 10 acaricides to determine its suitability on residual contact vial bioassay (RCV) by using PyriF strain as standard. Five acaricides (Abamectin, monocrotophos, tebufenpyrad, bifenazate and cyflumetofen) revealed the dose-dependent mortality within 8 h, whereas other remaining acaricides (Fenbutatin oxide, fenpyroxymate, flufenoxuron, spiromesifen and etoxazole) did not. This finding suggests that the application of RCV method is limited depending on the mode of action and physicochemical properties of each acaricide. Resistance levels to five acaricides (Abamectin, monocrotophos, tebufenpyrad, bifenazate and cyflumetofen) were determined for four field populations of TSSM by using RCV diagnostic kit. All TSSM populations showed the highest sensitivity to cyflumetofen, indicating that it would be most effective in controling field populations. RCV diagnostic kit would enable to provide crucial information for choosing the most appropriate acaricides in the field.

Detoxification Enzymes Activities to Five Acaricide-resistant Strains of the Two-spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch

Seon-Woo Lee,Seung-Hwan Yun,Hyun-Na Koo,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04

The detoxification enzymes activities were investigated to Tetranychus urticae Koch using five acaricide-resistant strains. Activities of detoxification enzymes which are glutathione S-transferase (GST), general esterases (α-naphthyl acetate and β-naphthyl acetate), and cytochrome C oxidase were determined to each resistant strain mite. Acequinocyl-resistant strain and bifenazate-resistant strain of T. urticae were showed 2.1 folds and 1.6 folds higher relative activity (RA) level of GST than susceptible strain. Other three resistant strain mites were not significant different to susceptible strain mite. General esterases and cytochrome C oxidase were not significant to all the strain of T. urticae. Acaricidal activities of acequinocylresistant strain and bifenazate-resistant strain of T. urticae showed cross-resistant both acequinocyl and bifenazate. However, other strain mites were showed susceptible acaricidal activities to two acaricides. In this result suggests that resistance of two acaricides (acequinocyl and bifenazate) might be influenced by glutathione S-tansferase activity.

Expression of sIx Glutation S-Transferase Genes in Seven Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch Strains

Hyunah Kim,Hyun Kyung Kim,Hyun-Na Koo,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

The two spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a global pest, and has developed severe resistance to several types of acaricides. Acequinocyl-resistant strain and bifenazate-resistant strain of T. urticae showed higher relative activity level of glutathion-S-transferases (GSTs) than susceptible strain. Studies of resistance in T. urticae have focused on classical detoxifying enzyme system, such as GSTs. We examined the expression of six GSTs genes in T. urticae belong to five different cytosolic classes, including two in delta, one in omega, one in mu, one in zeta, and one mitochondrial GSTs class, kappa. RT-qPCR results showed that, among these six GSTs genes, the relative expression level of delta 1 was significantly higher in bifenazate-resistant strain than in other strains (susceptible, abamectin, acequinocyl, etoxazole and pyridaben strain). Expression level of the delta 2 was also higher in acequinocyl-resistant strain than in other strains. The elevated GSTs gene transcripts following exposure to acequinocyl, bifenazate might be one of the mechanisms involved in detoxification of these acaricide. These results may be caused by different mechanisms in the resistance development of T. urticae to these two different types of acaricides.

Chemical Control Monitoring of Acaricide Resistance in Two-Spotted Spider Mite(Tetranychus urticae) Populations from Rose Greenhouses in Korea

Lee, Young-Su,Song, Myoung-Hui,Ahn, Ki-Su,Lee, Ki-Yul,Kim, Jeong-Wha,Kim, Gil-Hah Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2003 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.6 No.1

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of six acaricides on the eight field populations of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, collected from rose greenhouse. There were considerable differences in susceptibility depending on the acaricides treated and on the regions from which the population was collected. The local resistance ratios in the egg stage were lower than those of female adults. The population with a resistance ratio higher than 10 with respect to an acaricide was regarded as the resistant population to the acaricide. The resistant populations in female adult stage include 'Buyo' and 'Chilgok' populations to abamectin, 'Buyo' and 'Gimhae' populations to acequinocyl, 'Buyo' and 'Jeju' populations to bifenazate, and 'Gimhae' population to emamectin benzoate. All populations to milbemectin showed small susceptibilities variation (RR <10). The resistant populations in egg developmental stage include six populations except for 'Koyang' and 'Gumi' populations to abamectin, all populations to acequinocyl and etoxazole, seven populations except 'Buyo' population to bifenazate, seven populations except for 'Gimhae' population to emamectin benzoate, and 'Jeju', 'Chilgok' and 'Gimhae' populations to milbemectin. However, 'Jincheon' and 'Buyo' populations were more susceptible to both milbemectin and bifenazate than susceptible strain. The eggs and adults of all field populations showed low resistance to milbemectin among the acaricides tested

Comparison of Bacterial Diversity Isolated from the Twospotted Spider Mite Resistant to Acaricide

P. Indiragandhi,Changmann Yoon,Yoo-Lee Ju,Suwon Cho,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

This study was performed to investigate the bacterial diversity isolated from the twospotted spider mite and to interpret their correlation between insect bacteria and acaricide resistance. Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae was used the resistance strains, which developed over eight years to the six acaricides such as abamectin, acequinocyl, bifenozate, etoxazole, fenpropathrin, and pyridaben, respectively. After cultivating the bacteria from body maceration, bacterial colony was selected and identified through 16S rRNA gene sequences. We are identified six genus from Pyridaben resistant strain, five genus from acequinocyl, three genus from abamectin, bifenozate, etoxazole, and two genus from fenpropathrin. However, we could not found correlation between bacterial density and diversity (phylotypes) among these resistant strains. By analyzing the diversity of population microorganisms, fenpropathrin was showed 40% of Cs value (Similarity coefficient) with susceptible strain, however, abamectin and pyridaben were perfectly different (0%) with susceptible strain. It remains to be learned about how microorganisms co-evolutionary developed with their host insect correlating to the resistance and how microorganisms play role in acaricide resistant mite.

Cloning and different expression of ATP synthase genes between propargite resistant and susceptible strains of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

Shu-Jun Wei,Jing Ni,Kuanyu Zheng,Zhenguo Yang,Daoyan Xie,Aisi Da,Jianping Chai,Xiujun Jiang,Shaoxiang Li 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1

The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), is a serious phytophagous mite damaging importantcrops and can rapidly develop resistance to acaricides. Mitochondrial ATP synthase (F1F0 ATP synthase)is an important target site of acaricides. The role of ATP synthase in acaricide resistance remains unclear at themolecular level. In this study, twelve full-length cDNAs of ATP synthase genes were cloned and characterizedfrom T. cinnabarinus and their expression levels were determined for both progargite-resistant and susceptiblestrains. The effect of propargite exposure on gene expression was also evaluated. Analyses of gene expressionrevealed that TcATPsynU-2, TcATPsynF0-2 and TcATPsynF0-4 were significantly down-regulated in the progargite-resistant strain. TcATPsynF0-2 and TcATPsynF0-4 had a strong response to progargite exposure. Theresults suggest that lower levels of TcATPsynU-2, TcATPsynF0-2 and TcATPsynF0-4 expression might be related topropargite-resistance observed in the resistant T. cinnabarinus. This is the first attempt to identify specific ATPasegenes involved in propargite resistance in T. cinnabarinus.

Cross Resistance and Synergistic effect of Acequinocyl Resistance in Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

Kyu-Ri Lee,Sang-Rae Moon,Jeong-Eun Lee,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae was collected from the rose greenhouse in Gimhae, Gyeongnam province in Jan, 2001. Resistant strain was reared over nine years treated with Acequinocyl (over 400 times), and increased 614 folds as compared to susceptible strain (S). Cross resistance of acequinocylresistant strain adults to eight acaricide was showed high in Cyflumetofen (108 folds) and expressed low in Abamectin (16 folds), Tebufenpyrad (7.6 folds), Fenpyroximate (6.1 folds). Against Chlorfenapyr (0.5 folds), however, showed negatively correlated cross resistance. Synergistic effects with PBO (piperonyl butoxide), an oxygenase inhibitor, DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate), an esterase inhibitor, and DEM (diethymaleate), an inhibitor of glutathion S-transferase were also investigated. Synergistic effect showed low in DEM (4.2 folds) but showed high in PBO (12 folds) and DEF (23 folds).