3분과 : 가선집재작업에서의 작업 생산성 및 비용 분석

한원성 ( Won Sung Han ),한한섭 ( Han Sup Han ),김남훈 ( Nam Hun Kim ),차두송 ( Du Song Chu ),조구현 ( Koo Hyun Cho ),민도홍 ( Do Hong Min ),권기철 ( Ki Cheol Kwon ) 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1

본 연구에서는 임목수확작업에 사용되는 집재기계의 작업효율성을 분석하여 경사가 급한(20° 이상) 작업조건에 적합한 가선계 집재기계를 선정하는데 기초 정보를 제공하고자, 타워야더(RME-300T), 트랙터부착형 집재기(일명: 춘천집재기), 트랙터윈치(FARMI) 등에 의한 집재작업에서의 작업생산성 및 비용을 비교 분석하였다. 평균 흉고직경이 20 cm, 집재거리 60 m, 가로집재거리 10 m, 그리고 기계이용률이 70%인 동일한 작업 조건에서 작업이 이루어질 경우, 타워야더의 1일 집재작업 생산성은 33.04 m3/일, 트랙터부착형 집재기는 38.47 m3/일, 그리고 트랙터윈치는 14.17 m3/일으로 분석되었으며, 이에 따른 집재작업비용은 각각 25,105원/m3, 20,520원/m3, 37,835원/m3으로 나타났다. 동일한 작업조건에서 집재거리에 따른 각 집재기계별 작업효율성을 비교하였을 경우, 집재거리가 40 m 이내로 짧을 경우에는 트랙터윈치에 의한 집재작업이 효율적이며, 40~140 m의 집재거리에서는 춘천집재기가, 140 m 이상의 장거리 집재작업에서는 타워야더가 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to provide field-based harvesting study information which can be used to select an optimal cable system for certain work conditions on steep grounds (>20° ground slope) in Korea. Toaccomplish this study objectives, we evaluated three cable yarding systems (RME-300T tower-yarder, Chuncheontower-yarder, FARMI tractor winch) working in typical work conditions for their yarding productivity and operational efficiency. Those yarders are commonly used for removing logs or trees on steep grounds in Korea. Under the same work conditions (average DBH of tree to be cut, 20 cm; yarding distance, 60 m; lateral yardingdistance, 10 m; and machine utilization rate, 70%), the average productivities were 33.04 m3/day, 38.47 m3/day, and 14.17 m3/day for RME-300T, Chuncheon tower-yarder, and FARMI, respectively. Our standardized cost comparison study also showed that the yarding cost was highest at 37,835 won/m3 with FARMI, followed byRME-300T at 25,105 won/m3 for the same work conditions. We found the lowest yarding cost with the Chuncheon tower-yarder at 20,520 won/m3 which was resulted primarily from high yarding productivity at theyarding distance (60 m). Our analysis suggested that a small machine such as FARMI could be a low-costyarding machine option for a cable yarding job with a short yarding distance (40 m or less). The Chuncheontower-yarder is well suited for a mid-range yarding distance job in Korea, ranged between 40 to 140 m. Ifyarding distance were longer than 140 m, the RME-300T tower yarder appears to be most cost-effective.

The Characteristics of Residual Stand Damages Caused by Skyline Thinning Operations in Mixed Conifer Stands in South Korea

Sang-Kyun Han,Min-Jae Cho,Seung-An Baek,Ju-Ung Yun,Du-Song Cha 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2019 Journal of Forest Science Vol.35 No.3

A tree-length harvesting system using the HAM300, which is mounted on a farm tractor prototype machine, have been recently introduced in South Korea for thinning old (>30 years) forests. However, no research has previously been conducted on the characteristics of residual stand damage associated with cable yarding systems on thinning treatment stands in South Korea. Therefore, there were assessed on the degree and quantity of residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding process to broaden the knowledge of residual stand damage on semi-mechanized skyline thinning operations. This study investigated scar size, direction, area, shape type and their distribution on the residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding operations. Damage to residual trees was generated for 7.4% and 6.9% of residual trees in felling and yarding operations, respectively. Damaged direction of scars was located in front-side (38.9%) and up-side (34.7%) for felling operations while the highest scar damage was found on down-side (44.6%) for yarding operations. Scar heights of felling damage were higher than those of yarding damage. In yarding operation, the most of the scars was located within l0m from the center of the skyline corridor. These results should be useful information for forest managers and landowners to reduce residual stand damages and retain valuable timber volume from thinning treatments.

Productivity and Cost of Tree-length Harvesting Using Cable Yarding System in a Larch (Larix leptolepis) Clear-cutting Stand

Jeong, Eungjin,Cho, Koohyun,Cho, Minjae,Choi, Byoungkoo,Cha, Dusong Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine productivity and cost of tree-length harvesting using cable yarding system in a larch (Larix leptolepis) clear-cutting stand located in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. We used tree-length harvesting method using cable yarding system with a tower yarder HAM300. The productivity was $17.6m^3/hr$ for felling, $12.4m^3/hr$ for delimbing, $4.2m^3/hr$ for yarding, and $8.1m^3/hr$ for processing. The total cost of the harvesting system was $48,381won/m^3$, which was majorly composed of yarding operation cost, at $40,169won/m^3$ (79.3%), while felling had the lowest cost at $1,154won/m^3$ (4.1%). Major factors affecting felling and processing productivity was tree volume and the number and thickness of branches for delimbing productivity. In addition, we suggest that training and education for machine operators were critical to improve yarding productivity.

Productivity and Cost of Tree-length Harvesting Using Cable Yarding System in a Larch (Larix leptolepis) Clear-cutting Stand

정응진,조구현,조민재,최병구,차두송 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine productivity and cost of tree-length harvesting using cable yarding system in a larch (Larix leptolepis) clear-cutting stand located in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. We used tree-length harvesting method using cable yarding system with a tower yarder HAM300. The productivity was 17.6 m3/hr for felling, 12.4 m3/hr for delimbing, 4.2 m3/hr for yarding, and 8.1 m3/hr for processing. The total cost of the harvesting system was 48,381 won/m3, which was majorly composed of yarding operation cost, at 40,169 won/m3 (79.3%), while felling had the lowest cost at 1,154 won/m3 (4.1%). Major factors affecting felling and processing productivity was tree volume and the number and thickness of branches for delimbing productivity. In addition, we suggest that training and education for machine operators were critical to improve yarding productivity.

Productivity and Cost of Tree-length Harvesting Using Cable Yarding System in a Larch (Larix leptolepis) Clear-cutting Stand

Eungjin Jeong,Koohyun Cho,Minjae Cho,Byoungkoo Choi,Dusong Cha 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine productivity and cost of tree-length harvesting using cable yarding system in a larch (Larix leptolepis) clear-cutting stand located in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do. We used tree-length harvesting method using cable yarding system with a tower yarder HAM300. The productivity was 17.6 m3/hr for felling, 12.4 m3/hr for delimbing, 4.2 m3/hr for yarding, and 8.1 m3/hr for processing. The total cost of the harvesting system was 48,381 won/m3, which was majorly composed of yarding operation cost, at 40,169 won/m3 (79.3%), while felling had the lowest cost at 1,154 won/m3 (4.1%). Major factors affecting felling and processing productivity was tree volume and the number and thickness of branches for delimbing productivity. In addition, we suggest that training and education for machine operators were critical to improve yarding productivity.

2중 무선 클램프 반송기를 이용한 굴삭기 기반 타워야더의 생산성 및 비용 분석

최윤성 ( Yun-sung Choi ),조민재 ( Min-jae Cho ),문호성 ( Ho-seong Mun ),김대현 ( Dae-hyun Kim ),차두송 ( Du-song Cha ),한상균 ( Sang-kyun Han ),오재헌 ( Jae-heun Oh ) 한국산림과학회(구 한국임학회) 2018 한국산림과학회지 Vol.107 No.3

본 연구에서는 모두베기 작업지에서 2중 무선 클램프 반송기를 적용한 굴삭기 기반 타워야더의 집재작업 생산성 및 비용을 분석하였다. 집재작업의 생산성은 6.2 ㎥/SMH(기계이용률 80.4%)이고, 비용은 13,705 won/㎥으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 기존 연구결과에 비해 최대 집재거리가 길었음에도 불구하고 가선설치용 견인줄(Straw line)을 이용한 가선설치로 집재선 가선설치 시간이 단축되었으며, 2중 무선 클램프 반송기 적용으로 인해 생산성이 향상되고 비용이 절감된 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 원료재급과 임목축적 137 ㎥/ha 기준으로 집재작업의 생산재적에 따른 최소작업량과 최소작업면적은 리기다소나무의 경우 각각 558.3 ㎥ 및 4.1 ha였고 , 신갈나무의 경우 433.7 ㎥ 및 3.2 ha로 나타났다. 향후, 다양한 작업현장에서 집재기계별 최소작업량 및 최소작업면적에 관한 데이터를 구축하면, 집재작업에 효율적인 집재기계를 선정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted in clear cutting stands. For the whole-tree yarding operation, a tower-yarder based on excavator with a radio-controlled double clamp carriage was applied to analyze yarding productivity and cost. The productivity and cost of yarding operation was 6.2 ㎥/SMH(machine utilization rate, 80.4%) and 13,705 won/㎥, respectively. Although the maximum yarding distance was longer than the previous studies, the setting up time of the tower-yarder was decreased as used straw line. The application of the radio-controlled double clamp carriage improved productivity and reduced costs. Based on the fuel log and growing stock(137.0 ㎥/ha), the minimum production(㎥) and area(ha) were 558.3 ㎥ and 4.1 ha for Pinus rigida stands and 433.7 ㎥ and 3.2 ha for Quercus mongolica stands, respectively. Based on the this study, it will be possible to select an efficient yarding machine by accumulation of data on minimum production and area for many machines in various harvesting sites.

The Characteristics of Residual Stand Damages Caused by Skyline Thinning Operations in Mixed Conifer Stands in South Korea

한상균,조민재,백승안,윤주웅,차두송 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2019 Journal of Forest Science Vol.35 No.3

A tree-length harvesting system using the HAM300, which is mounted on a farm tractor prototype machine, have been recently introduced in South Korea for thinning old (>30 years) forests. However, no research has previously been conducted on the characteristics of residual stand damage associated with cable yarding systems on thinning treatment stands in South Korea. Therefore, there were assessed on the degree and quantity of residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding process to broaden the knowledge of residual stand damage on semi-mechanized skyline thinning operations. This study investigated scar size, direction, area, shape type and their distribution on the residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding operations. Damage to residual trees was generated for 7.4% and 6.9% of residual trees in felling and yarding operations, respectively. Damaged direction of scars was located in front-side (38.9%) and up-side (34.7%) for felling operations while the highest scar damage was found on down-side (44.6%) for yarding operations. Scar heights of felling damage were higher than those of yarding damage. In yarding operation, the most of the scars was located within l0m from the center of the skyline corridor. These results should be useful information for forest managers and landowners to reduce residual stand damages and retain valuable timber volume from thinning treatments.

The Characteristics of Residual Stand Damages Caused by Skyline Thinning Operations in Mixed Conifer Stands in South Korea

Han, Sang-Kyun,Cho, Min-Jae,Baek, Seung-An,Yun, Ju-Ung,Cha, Du-Song Institute of Forest Science 2019 Journal of Forest Science Vol.35 No.3

A tree-length harvesting system using the HAM300, which is mounted on a farm tractor prototype machine, have been recently introduced in South Korea for thinning old (>30 years) forests. However, no research has previously been conducted on the characteristics of residual stand damage associated with cable yarding systems on thinning treatment stands in South Korea. Therefore, there were assessed on the degree and quantity of residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding process to broaden the knowledge of residual stand damage on semi-mechanized skyline thinning operations. This study investigated scar size, direction, area, shape type and their distribution on the residual stand damage caused by felling and yarding operations. Damage to residual trees was generated for 7.4% and 6.9% of residual trees in felling and yarding operations, respectively. Damaged direction of scars was located in front-side (38.9%) and up-side (34.7%) for felling operations while the highest scar damage was found on down-side (44.6%) for yarding operations. Scar heights of felling damage were higher than those of yarding damage. In yarding operation, the most of the scars was located within l0m from the center of the skyline corridor. These results should be useful information for forest managers and landowners to reduce residual stand damages and retain valuable timber volume from thinning treatments.

자주식 반송기를 이용한 가선집재작업의 안정성분석

오재헌 ( Jae Heun Oh ),박문섭 ( Mun Seub Park ),김재원 ( Jae Won Kim ),차두송 ( Du Song Cha ) 한국산림과학회 2006 한국산림과학회지 Vol.95 No.4