노인장기요양보험 이용자 특성에 따른 자원사용량 차이

이수형,신호성 한국보건행정학회 2010 보건행정학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Fee for long-term care insurance in Korea are determined in proportion to resources utilized according to severity rather than based on categorization of beneficiaries in consideration of the characteristics of resource utilization. This adoption is based on the assumption that as beneficiaries of long-term care insurance, characteristically, demands social services rather than needs medical treatments, the characteristics of beneficiaries and the quality of utilized resources are comparatively homogenous. Therefore, the proposition is that the size of resource consumed by beneficiaries in the same grade is identical. However, even in the same grade, the level of utilized resources is different depending on the characteristic of beneficiaries. In this regard, this study is to examine whether there are differences in the volumes of utilized resources depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries evenin the same grade. We analyzed time study data for 2003, 2005, 2006 which conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. To look at differences in the volumes of utilized resources, we identified characteristics of beneficiaries that influence utilized resource volumes and categorized services provided by facilities into the rehabilitation treatment category, the problematic behavior category, and the physical malfunction category. Then, we examined each service in consideration of service difficulty levels and wage weights. The result of examination showed that differences in utilized resource volumes exist in all three grades depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries. Especially, in the first grade with a high level of seriousness, utilized resource volumes were different for those three service categories and the problematic behaviour category considered dementia was found to consume the largest volume of resources. Moreover, there was the inversion phenomenon of utilized resources volumes between the grades. This result indicates that utilized resource volumes are different even in the same grade depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries and it is required to consider case-mix for reflection of the volumes of utilized resources depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries.

Support Vector Machine Algorithm Application in the Sustainable Utilization of Regional Water Resources

Yuepeng Li,Haiyan Liu,Weibo Zhou 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.11

With the shortage of water resources and water pollution, a series of global water problems have become more and more serious. The development and utilization of traditional water resources can no longer meet the needs of human and social economic development. In this paper, the authors analyze support vector machine algorithm application in the sustainable utilization of regional water resources. We describe the research status of support vector machines and water resources sustainable utilization, and establish the evaluation model of sustainable utilization of water resources based on SVM. By making quantitative analysis and evaluation on the current regional sustainable utilization of water resources, we can understand the existing problems in the development and utilization of water resources, and provides a new basis for the new situation of the development of water resources protection and utilization planning.

Research on Determining Resource Utilization Rates of Regional Construction and Demolition Waste from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance

Ling Shen,Zhaokun Zhang,Lingyi Tang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.1

How to achieve diversified and cooperative management of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) has always been a difficult problem for the government and the public. To achieve collaborative governance, it is necessary to coordinate the conflicting interests among multiple subjects and reasonably determine the collaborative goals. This study aims to illustrate the necessity and feasibility of collaborative governance, determine the phased resource utilization rate target from the perspective of balance of interests, and design a dynamic adjustment mechanism for local government's collaborative governance target, regional C&DW resource utilization rate and rewards and punishments from a quantitative perspective. From the perspective of maximizing social benefits and balancing the interests shared by three stakeholders: construction and demolition enterprises, waste resource treatment enterprises and the government, the system dynamics (SD) and multi-objective planning (MOP) coupling model (SD-MOP) are constructed. The MOP model is used to solve the optimal solution that satisfactory to all parties, and the SD model simulates the internal and external environmental changes of the C&DW management system under the optimal solution to provide dynamic parameters for the MOP model. This paper takes Jiangbei New Area in Nanjing, China as an example to verify the validity of the proposed SD-MOP model. The calculation results show that the three stakeholders with relevant interests can achieve a win-win situation by integrating resources and optimizing resource allocation, while promoting the goal of collaborative governance, that is, improving the utilization rate of C&DW resource utilization. In addition, the model also gives the specific time for the establishment and realization of the phased target of resource utilization in Nanjing Jiangbei New Area, with resource utilization rate targets of 75%, 79% and 84% in 2024, 2029 and 2036, respectively.

Utility-based Virtual Cloud Resource Allocation Model and Algorithm in Cloud Computing

Zhu Jianrong,Li Jing,Zhuang Yi 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.2

How to satisfy the users’ QoS requirements while improving the resource utilization is one of the key technologies in cloud computing environment. In our work, a virtual cloud resource allocation model VCRAM-U (Utility-based Virtual Cloud Resource Allocation Model) is proposed. In our model, the problem of virtual cloud resources allocation is abstracted as a utility-maximization problem, taking tradeoffs between the utility of the data center and the performance of the applications into account, and maximizing the utility on the premise of meet user’s performance. We design a local decision algorithm and a global decision algorithm to solve our model. Experimental results show that the virtual cloud resources can be managed and allocated efficiently by our model and algorithms. In addition, our model can get a higher utility of the data center compared with other models.

상세 자원 이용률에 기반한 병렬 가속기용 스레드 블록 스케줄링

반효경,조경운,Bahn, Hyokyung,Cho, Kyungwoon 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2022 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.22 No.5

With the recent widespread adoption of general-purpose GPUs (GPGPUs) in cloud systems, maximizing the resource utilization through multitasking in GPGPU has become an important issue. In this article, we show that resource allocation based on the workload classification of computing-bound and memory-bound is not sufficient with respect to resource utilization, and present a new thread block scheduling policy for GPGPU that makes use of fine-grained resource utilizations of each workload. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed policy reduces scheduling overhead by separating profiling and scheduling, and maximizes resource utilizations by co-locating workloads with different bottleneck resources. Through simulations under various virtual machine scenarios, we show that the proposed policy improves the GPGPU throughput by 130.6% on average and up to 161.4%.

산업화 측면에서의 농촌어메니티자원의 활용성 평가

정휘,이상문 대한국토·도시계획학회 2006 國土計劃 Vol.41 No.4

Recently, there has been a new discussion on the subject regarding rural areas not as merely focused on the function of production, but as the spaces that are not only for local residents' lives but also leisure and rest areas for towners. This new notion of rural areas promotes awareness and evaluation toward existing resources in the perspective of the value of rural amenity, and merchandising and Industrialization are in progress based on the new notion. However, there are the issues such as draining resources or failing in marketing, due to the the restricted ways of collecting themes and developments in the fact of utilization of resource, as well. This study analyzes the intrinsic and potential values of rural amenity resources through prior researches and an investigation into the current distribution of related products. Moreover, it classifies rural resources into four main resources: a resource which makes manufactural possibilities, a visiting resource, a material resource of culture and knowledge based industry, and a resource that creates new values. Also, these resources are investigated about the utilization by a professional questionnaire. As results of the study, the potential as an environmental resource is the most highly evaluated among the rural resources, and the potential of their utilization as a visiting resource is marked the highest of the overall rural resources. 키 워 드 농촌어메니티, 자원활용성 평가, 산업화, 가치창출경로Keywords Rural Amenity, Assessment of Resources Utilization, Industrialization, Value Creating Route

스포츠자원의 효율적 배치와 관련법의 분석

김은경 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2017 스포츠와 법 Vol.20 No.3

스포츠산업진흥법 제2조에 따르면 스포츠란 건강한 신체를 기르고 건전한 정신을 함양하며 질 높은 삶을 위하여 자발적으로 행하는 신체활동을 기반으로 하는 사회문화적 행태라고 한다. 사회적 행태로서의 스포츠는 이를 향유하는 대상이 전문가뿐만 아니라 일반 시민에까지 미치므로 산업적 관점에서 스포츠는 그 범위가 매우 넓다. 스포츠는 심신을 아우르는 분야이므로 이러한 성질에 기반한 산업으로서의 영역 확장성이 매우 크다. 산업적인 관점에서의 스포츠산업이 안정적 발전과 일자리 창출을 하기 위해서는 스포츠 인적자원과 물적자원이 효율적으로 배치되어야 하며, 효율적 배치 과정과 그 효과로서 긍정적인 결과가 나타날 수 있다. 스포츠 인적자원으로 가장 중심이 되는 것은 선수이다. 선수는 프로선수와 아마추어를 모두 포함한다. 선수를 중심으로 필요한 인력 모두 스포츠 인적자원이다. 스포츠 인적자원의 효율적 배치방법 중 하나가 선수계약에서의 대리제도의 허용 및 활성화하는 방안이다. 이는 스포츠 인적자원의 효율적인 배치와 직결하는 동시에 스포츠산업의 외연확장과 관련된 것이어서 적극적으로 주장하는 바이다. 또한 스포츠시설관리자의 배치는 시설의 안전성 확보나 관리 등을 위하여 필요한 부분이다. 그 외 스포츠(체육)지도사의 적절한 활용은 초고령화 사회로의 진입에 대한 대비로서 의미가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 고령화 속도가 빠르게 진행되는 현시점에서 특히 고려해볼만한 스포츠산업모델이기도 하다. 노인스포츠지도사를 제대로 양성하여 실제로 배치하는 것을 포함하여 제4차 산업혁명시대에 부합하는 융합적인 비즈니스모델을 도입하여 전 생애를 기준으로 생애주기별 단계에 맞게 제공할 헬스케어서비스를 모델로 한 건강관리 전문가를 양성하는 것 역시 스포츠 인적자원의 시대적인 요구와 부합하는 것이다. 스포츠 물적자원에는 체육시설과 같은 유형자원과 스포츠산업을 활성화시키는 무형자원인 스포츠금융이 있다. 물적자원인 체육시설을 효율적으로 활용하기 위해서 무엇보다도 시설의 안전 확보가 중요하고 이에 대한 법적 근거가 되는 스포츠산업진흥법과 체육시설의 설치・이용에 관한 법률 등에 법적 근거 등을 구체적으로 설정하고 완비하여야 한다. 또한 체육시설을 지역스포츠클럽과 연계해 활성화할 필요성도 시설의 효율적 활용과 관계되는 부분이다. 스포츠산업을 부흥시키고 관련 분야 일자리를 창출하기 위해서는 물적 재원의 확보가 절실하다. 국민체육기금의 확보방안 외에 스포츠모태펀드, 클라우딩펀드 등과 같은 스포츠펀드를 통하여 스포츠금융의 방법으로 물적인 재원이 확보될 수 있다. 스포츠 분야에서 물적자원과 인적자원이 합리적이고 효율적으로 배치되었을 때에 스포츠산업의 발전이 기대될 수 있다. 이를 위해서 스포츠분야의 다양한 수요(needs)를 확인하고 그에 부합하는 전문적인 스포츠자원을 개발하는 등 스포츠산업의 외연을 확장할 수 있도록 다각도로 그 발전방안을 살펴야 한다. According to the Sports Industry Promotion Act Article 2, the term "sports" means any sociocultural behavior, mainly featuring physical activities conducted on a voluntary basis to maintain a healthy body and develop a sound mind for the purpose of improving the quality of life. Sports as a social behavior is enjoyed not only by experts but also by the general public and therefore, its scope is very broad from the industrial perspective. For the stable development and job creation of sports industry from the industrial perspective, the process and effect of efficient arrangement of human and material sport resources are crucial. The center of sports human resources is occupied by the athlete. The athlete includes both professionals and amateurs. All necessary manpower with the athlete as the center belongs to sports human resources. One type of efficient arrangements of sport human resource is the allowance and vitalization of agency system in case of athlete contract. As it is directly related to the efficient arrangement of sports human resources as well as to the external extension of sports industry, this system is strongly recommended. Moreover, the arrangement of sports facility manager is necessary in order to secure and manage facility safety. In addition, proper utilization of sports instructors has not only become a practical problem of provision for entry into an ultra aging society, but is also a sports industry model to be considered at this rapidly aging stage. The proper training and practical arrangement of elder sports instructors and the training of health care experts based on the model of lifelong health care service provided according to the stages of the life cycle by adopting a convergent business model corresponding to the 4th industrial revolution age also meets the needs of times in sports human resources. Sports material resources include tangible resource such as sports facility and intangible resource which vitalizes sports industry such as sports finance. For efficient utilization of the sports facility as material resource, securing facility safety and its legal ground, which is the concrete establishment and complete equipment of the installation and utilization of Sports Facilities Act, is vital. Furthermore, the connection between sports facility and local sports clubs and their utilization are also related to efficient use of facility. In order to revive sports industry and create related job positions, the securement of financial resources is urgent. Besides the national sports promotional funds, financial resources can be procured by such means as sports fund including sports fund of funds and crowd-funding. When material and human sports resources are effectively managed, sports industry can be expected to advance. For this purpose, measures from various angles, such as confirming various demands in the sports field and developing corresponding professional sports resources, need to be considered.

「유전자원의 접근·이용 및 이익 공유에 관한 법률」의 환경법적 의의와 한계

박종원 ( Park Jong Won ) 한국환경법학회 2018 環境法 硏究 Vol.40 No.2

이 글은 나고야의정서의 국내이행을 위한 「유전자원의 접근·이용 및 이익 공유에 관한 법률」(이하 “유전자원법”이라 한다)의 본격 시행을 목전에 두고 있는 시점에서, 유전자원법이 국내 유전자원에 대한 주권적 권리를 제대로 보장하고 있는 것인지, 그리고 나고야의정서에 따른 당사국으로서의 의무를 제대로 준수하기 위한 제도적 장치를 갖추고 있는지 등의 두 가지 측면에서, 유전자원법의 주요내용을 분석·평가함으로써 그 한계를 지적하고 앞으로의 법적 과제를 제시하고 있다. 유전자원법의 제정은 국내 생물유전자원에 대한 주권적 권리를 행사하기 위한, 그리고 나고야의정서의 국내이행을 통하여 국제법상의 의무를 준수할 수 있기 위한 제도적 기틀을 마련하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 이는 국내 생물 다양성의 보전은 물론 전지구적 생물다양성 보전에도 기여할 수 있는 통로임에 틀림없다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 동법은 다음과 같은 점에서 적지 않은 한계를 안고 있는바, 이에 관한 입법적 해결을 적극적으로 검토하여야 할 것이다. 국내 유전자원에 대한 접근·이용 및 이익 공유와 관련하여, (i) PIC, 즉 사전통 고승인이 아니라 신고제를 택하고 있고 이것이 수리를 요하지 않는 신고로 해석될 가능성이 크다는 점, (ii) 상호합의조건 체결 의무가 법적 강제성을 결여하고 있다는 점, (iii) 국가책임기관 및 관계법령의 분산으로 국내 유전자원에 대한 접근 및 이익 공유가 저해될 수 있다는 점, (iv) 기금 등 재원확보수단을 제대로 갖추고 있지 못하고 제한·금지 대상 유전자원의 불법 이용에 따른 이익을 몰수할 수 있는 근거가 없다는 점 등은 유전자원법이 과연 국내 유전자원에 대한 주권적 권리의 행사, 그리고 이를 통한 국내 생물다양성 보전에 있어서 적지 않은 한계를 안겨주고 있다. 해외 유전자원에 대한 접근·이용 및 이익 공유에 관련해서도, (i) 국내 이용자의 절차준수나 이익공유의 강제성이 결여되어 있고 절차준수신고 의무위반에 대한 제재가 충분하지 못하다는 점, (ii) 절차준수조사가 비권력적 조사에 머물러 있다는 점, (iii) 절차준수조사 결과에 따른 유일한 조치가 권고뿐이라는 점, (iv) 국가 점검기관이 과도하게 분산 지정되어 있다는 점 등은 우리나라가 나고야의정서에 따른 당사국으로서의 의무를 성실히 이행하는 데 상당한 장애로 작용할 수 있다. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity(“Nagoya Protocol”) became effective on 12 October 2014. In 2017, Korea ratified the Protocol and enacted the Act on Access to, Utilization and Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources for domestic implementation of the Protocol. This study made a legal analysis of main contents and issues of the Act and showed its significance and limitations in terms of the exercise of sovereign rights over biological resources and compliance of obligation under the Protocol. With regard to access to, utilization and benefit-sharing of domestic genetic resources, the following limitations are found in the Act: First, it requires prior notification, rather than prior informed consent; Second, the establishment of mutually agreed terms is not legally binding; Third, there are multiple national competent authorities, and the relevant laws are fragmented; Fourth, it lacks sufficient funding for biodiversity. With regard to access to, utilization and benefit-sharing of foreign genetic resources, the following limitations are found in the Act: First, the compliance with procedures that required by the country providing such genetic resource and the sharing of benefits arising from utilization of foreign genetic resource is not legally binding, and the sanctions on breach obligation to report are not strict enough; Second, the investigation of compliance with procedures has no legal force; Third, the only thing the checkpoints can do after the investigation is recommending to compliance with procedures; Fourth, there are multiple checkpoints.

「자원순환기본법」의 평가와 향후 과제

김홍균 ( Hongkyun Kim ) 한국환경법학회 2017 環境法 硏究 Vol.39 No.1

최근에 제정된 「자원순환기본법」은 바로 자원순환형 사회에 부합하는 선진적인 법체계를 구축하는 것이라고 평가할 수 있다. 그러나 동법은 기본법적 성격과 함께 집행적인 성격을 공유함으로써 다른 폐기물 관련 개별법과의 체계성과 연계성이 약하고, 순환자원을 폐기물의 하부 개념으로 설정하고 있어 자원순환이 제품의 설계, 생산, 폐기 전 단계에 걸친 기본원리로서 적용되기에는 한계가 있다. 말하자면 자원순환사회를 구현하기 위해 명실상부한 포괄적이고 기본적인 법률의 제정에는 실패하였다고 평가할 수 있다. 이러한 한계는 기본법이 개별법보다 나중에 제정됨으로써 혼란을 자초한 측면이 있다. 명실상부한 기본법이 만들어지고 여기에 맞추어져 순차적으로 하위 개별법이 만들어졌다면 이러한 부작용과 왜곡현상은 쉽게 발생하지 않았을 것이다. 제정된 지 얼마 되지 않은 지금 이 시점에서 동법의 개정없이 이러한 문제를 해결하기는 쉽지 않아 보인다. 그러나 그 부작용을 최소화하기 위해서는 법개정을 포함한 다각적인 노력이 필요하다. 우선 법체계성을 높이고 그 적용상 혼란을 최소화하기 위해서는 동법과 관련 법령 전반에 대한 정비를 검토할 필요가 있다. 이 경우 「자원순환기본법」은 명실상부한 상위법, 기본법의 성격을 유지하도록 하고, 그 하부에 위치하는 「폐기물관리법」은 폐기물처리법으로, 「자원의 절약과 재활용촉진에 관한 법률」은 재활용관리법으로 자리매김하도록 법체계를 개선ㆍ보완하는 것이 필요해 보인다. 장기적으로는 「자원순환기본법」의 개정도 검토하여야 한다. `순환자원`이 자원순환형 사회에서 핵심적인 개념이 될 수밖에 없으며, 순환자원의 인정은 폐기물의 지위를 배제함으로써, 규제의 안팎을 가르는 중요한 역할을 하기 때문에 그 기준을 객관화ㆍ명확화하여 순환자원의 체계적인 이용ㆍ관리를 도모하여야 할 것이다. 한편, 동법의 적용대상인 순환자원 개념이 폐기물을 전제로 하고 있는데, 현재의 폐기물 개념이 불명 확한 개념이며, 자원순환사회에 부합하는, `자원`이라는 개념을 찾아 볼 수 없다는 점 등을 고려할 때, 폐기물 개념의 객관화를 포함한 개념의 확대ㆍ수정이 필요하다. 아울러 동법이 자원순환형 사회의 촉진을 위해 의욕적이고 핵심적인 수단으로 제시하고 있는 순환이용성 평가와 중복성 논란이 제기될 수 있는 기존 자원순환 성과관리제도, 지정부산물배출자제도 등과 명확한 관계를 설정한다는 차원에서 통합 또는 폐지 등을 적극 검토할 필요가 있다. The Framework Act on Resource Circulation is certainly a step forward to an advanced legal system in accord with resource circulation society. However, the Act has a limit in several aspects. The Act lacks systematic connection to other waste-related laws because it has both characteristics of a framework act and an execution law. There is also a limit to apply the Act as a basic principle to the entire process of design, production, and disposal of product because it merely defines circular resources as a subordinated concept under waste. In other words, the Act has failed to become a comprehensive and fundamental law to establish resource circulation society In order to minimize the side effects, there must be a multilateral approach. First, there is a need to improve the legal system and to re-examine the entire waste related laws so as to minimize the confusion that may arouse as the Act is applied to the real world. In such case, the Act should be the higher, basis law, while the Waste Management Act and the Act on the Promotion of Saving and Recycling of Resources should be placed as lower ranking laws each on waste disposal and recycling field. In the long term, we must even consider revising the Act. The concept of circular resources is the key to a society that can circulate its resources well. Because the procedure of `admitting circular resources` deprives of the status of waste and thus excludes from regulation, there is a need to make more objective and clear standard of it for more systematic use and management of circular resources. Meanwhile, there is a need to clarify, expand, and modify the definition of waste itself because the current definition of it is unclear, and the meaning of waste does not encompass the concept of resource. In addition, the existing `resources circulation achievement management system` and `designated by-product discharger system` should either be abolished or integrated with the Assessment of Circular Utilization which is a key device to manage circular resources provided in the Act, as it overlaps with one another.

무선 셀룰러 망에서 QoS 보장을 위한 신경망 예측을 이용한 대역폭 예약 및 할당방법

이진이(Jinyi Lee) 한국정보기술학회 2009 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.7 No.1

There are some bandwidth(channel) allocation schemes using resource prediction and reservation in wireless cellular networks, in which the resource for satisfying QoS requirements of handoff calls is reserved in advance by prediction. But these schemes result in low resource utilization efficiency because of an inexact resource's reservation. In this paper, we propose a three layered feedforward neural network based-bandwidth allocation scheme in order to satisfy a desired handoff QoS, as well as to improve resource utilization efficiency through exact prediction of required resources. This scheme predicts the amount of resource required by future handoff calls by using a neural network prediction, and then the amount is reserved. Simulation shows that our scheme outperforms the existing fixed resource allocation scheme in both handoff call's QoS and resource utilization efficiency.