Optimization of Construction Material Cost through Logistics Planning Model of Dragonfly Algorithm – Particle Swarm Optimization

Pham Vu Hong Son,Nguyen Huynh Chi Duy,Pham Ton Dat 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.7

Managing a construction project is challenging because of cost, time, safety, and quality considerations. In the most projects, the cost of construction is one of the most critical aspect because material cost alone accounts for significant ratio of the total project. Therefore, the cost of construction materials should be controlled. In this study, we proposed the use of material requirements planning (MRP) to control the cost of construction materials. After determining the demand for the materials required for construction, we estimated both the quantity of materials required and time taken to deliver the materials to the construction site. Although economic order quantity models have been applied to analyze construction material costs, they do not accurately reflect concerns related to material cost. Therefore, we used the material supply chain model (construction logistics planning) to analyze material costs. To optimize MRP according to the current progress of a project, a novel approach combining the dragonfly algorithm (DA) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was proposed. To verify the advanced searchability of the DA–PSO algorithm, the algorithm was compared with the gray wolf and the genetic algorithms.

Incompetent Construction Technologies and Resources in the Construction Industry of Yemen

Sultan, Basil,Alaghbari, Wa'el Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2014 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.4 No.1

The Construction industry in Yemen confronts many development constraints, such as the inadequate implementation of appropriate building materials and labour construction technologies. Thus, this research looks over building materials and labour construction technologies used on the local housing construction projects by verifying the percentage of construction expenditure consumed by the main construction components (Materials, Labour and Overhead and Profit), along with the implemented construction technologies. The paper conducts a survey to acquire the cost distribution of the construction main components. The outcomes of the survey were discussed; the discussion was supported by literature on similar issues from some countries. The outcomes confirmed the relatively limited percentage in labour cost and profit, and the elevated percentage of construction materials cost, which are because of the excessive and inappropriate use of materials. What's more, established that the excessively redundant unskilled labours are not effectively engaged in the construction activities, this is due to the tendency of the market in using labour-base technologies. This paper is to recommend a suitable policies and strategies has to be used to decrease cost by using efficiently appropriate construction practice and local materials, moreover take advantage of excessive labour to reduce unemployment.

Problems Related to Construction and Building Materials in Libya

Salah, Abuzaid,Bloomer, Steve Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2014 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.4 No.4

The broad aim of this paper is to provide a detailed understanding of the post-war problems associated with materials for reconstruction in Libya, and to identify key problems and obstructions. Theoretical and empirical studies are being conducted in Libya. The theoretical study focuses on materials for construction and the key issues such as sources, transport and storage of materials, as well as their impact on the national economy, the nation's socio-economic development and the environment. This empirical study employed questionnaires, observations and a series of interviews with researchers, academics, suppliers and manufacturers, supported by the researcher's three decades of experience of working in the construction industry and its associated processes and operations. The empirical study illustrated that materials for post-disaster reconstruction in Libya suffer from external problems related to policies and decision-making in terms of availability of materials, fluctuation of prices of materials, specifications, building codes, legislation and regulations, and internal problems related to the construction and building material's key players: construction companies, consultancy firms, manufacturers and suppliers.

공동주택 방수공사 품질관리 방안 마련에 관한 연구

김광기,김병일 한국건축시공학회 2024 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.24 No.1

For successful waterproofing construction, it is very important to secure construction quality as wellas material performance of waterproofing materials used in construction. Due to the long-term costreduction policy following the economic downturn in the construction market, most constructioncompanies are using general low-priced waterproof materials rather than high-quality waterproofmaterials without clear quality control standards. Without clear education on construction, constructionis being carried out with meaning only on construction activities. In addition, the waterproofingmethod applied in combination is a situation where water leakage occurs due to waterproofing failuredue to insufficient construction quality because the construction method is complicated. Therefore, itis necessary to review the quality control measures(design, materials, construction) for successfulwaterproofing work and improve problems that are derived so that stable waterproofing work can bedone. In order to expect the leakage prevention effect of a building, first, it is required to selectappropriate materials for each part of the building and environment in the design stage, and theselected materials must satisfy all items of the Korean Industrial Standard(KS). Second, to secure thequality of waterproofing construction, sincere construction by workers is required. In this paper, wetried to describe “review of waterproof design”, “constructor education”, “site inspection”, and“criticism(correction/supplementation)” as quality control measures after material selection.

Approaching Green Buildings Using Eco-Efficient Construction Materials: A Review of the state-of-the-art

Aghdam, Karim Aligholizadeh,Rad, Alireza Foroughi,Shakeri, Hamed,Sardroud, Javad Majrouhi Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2018 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.8 No.3

Since the protection the of human being from natural disaster and atmospheric factors have become an essential requirement, some attempts have been taken place to provide shelter and create a safe environment to a more comfortable life with welfare. For this purpose, using existing resources in nature and exploiting them in a different manner have been taken into account. Initially, the performed exploitations for construction had the least damage to the environment, but over time and as a result of population growth, aggressive exploitation of nature has led to destroying effects on the environment and resulted in consequences such as pollution and environmental destruction. Thus, the construction industry has been identified as the top pollutant factors of the environment. Among various construction factors, the building materials used in this industry are considered as the most important effective factors on the environment, as they have direct influences on the environment from the beginning of construction of the final steps. This research focuses on the review of the most of the existing green materials definitions and various approaches towards using eco-efficient construction materials. It presents and discusses possible ways of reducing the destructive effects on the environment by selecting and using green materials, review current literature and highlight the necessity of applying such materials in future constructions in all communities. This paper provides a base for this purpose that sustainable development communities and environment is realized by elimination of environmental pollution and approaching the criteria of green building by using sustainable materials.

건축자재에 발생되는 라돈/토론 농도측정

김창복 ( Chang Bok Kim ),주용진 ( Yong Jin Ju ),동경래 ( Kyung Rae Dong ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2014 공학기술논문지 Vol.7 No.3

The annual average dose of radiation exposure to Korean people is 3.6 mSv and 50% of this amount is known to be by the exposure to radon gas. Such radiation exposure to radon has been known to be caused by the inflow of radon gas mainly through the cracks in buildings but the recently reported cause of radiation exposure to radon inside buildings even such as high-rise apartments is the radiation from construction materials. In this study, in order to investigate the current situation through measuring the radon radiation from the construction materials on sale through construction material shops in Gwangju Metropolitan, two acrylic boxes in 5T thickness and 216L volume were produced using a movable successive radon monitoring device RTM 1688-2 in silicon surface barrier type which could measure the concentration of radon and thoron simultaneously. After putting the construction materials bought in construction material shops in Gwangju to the boxes and sealing them, radon concentration was measured and recorded for 10 hours from the 91st hour to the 100th hour from 3.8 days which would be required to reach 50% of Rn-222 concentration against Ra-226 concentration. In the radon concentration radiated from the sample materials, plaster-tex (K) showed the highest value of 39.6 Bq/kg and followed by plaster-tex (L) of 23.6 Bq/kg and plaster-tex (B) of 17.4 Bq/kg. The result of the measurement showed that an effective reduction of radiation had been achieved through the Korean authority``s continuous regulation and management on the usage of phospho-gypsum as plaster-tex and the mixture usage of fly-ash cement. From this result, the construction materials on sale in Gwangju Metropolitan could be deemed to be somewhat safe but the radon radiation amount should be traced and observed continuously because there could be different amount of radiation according to the difference of mixture depending on the manufacturing period of construction materials in the aspect of their characteristic.

건설재료의 안전적 제어를 위한 표준물질 (Standard Reference Materials) 도출

이동규,이건우,최명성,Lee, Dong Kyu,Lee, Keon Woo,Choi, Myoung Sung 한국안전학회 2017 한국안전학회지 Vol.32 No.5

The purpose of this study is to develop standard reference materials for safety control of construction materials considering the required performance of standard materials including flow performance incorporating particles. The flow characteristics of concrete are very complicated depending on mixing proportions of constituent materials, admixtures, amount of mixing, type of mixer, time of mixing, temperature and so forth. Uncertainties and multidimensional properties of concrete have been evaluated through various studies but there are few researches for the development of standard reference material. In this study, based on the rheological concept, the flow performance of construction materials was evaluated to understand the properties of standard reference materials and was finally obtained representing materials which simulate the standard reference materials.

디지털 패브리케이션을 적용한 재료디자인 표현과 공간 구축 방식의 관계 탐색

임우창 ( Lim Woo Chang ),이재규 ( Lee Jae Kyu ) 한국기초조형학회 2020 기초조형학연구 Vol.21 No.6

오랜 기간 공간 구축 방식의 변화는 다른 분야보다 크지 않았지만, 21세기에 들어 기술의 발전을 바탕으로 공간 구축 방식에 변화가 나타나고 있다. 특히 향상된 재료 가공 기술은 이전보다 효율적으로 공간을 구축할 수 있게 했다. 이러한 변화 속에서 재료디자인의 개념이 등장했지만 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 디지털 패브리케이션이 적용된 재료디자인의 표현 방식과 공간 구축 방식의 관계를 분석하고자 한다. 먼저 디지털 패브리케이션을 정의하고 재료디자인의 표현 방식을 분류하였다. 또한, 문헌을 통해 공간 구축의 개념과 방식에 대해 살펴보고 이를 바탕으로 디지털 패브리케이션이 적용된 공간을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 1)디지털 패브리케이션의 가공 방식은 절삭, 적층, 성형으로 정의되며 가공 방식에 따라 제작 기법이 분류된다. 재료디자인의 표현 방식은 2차원적 표현 방식, 2.5차원적 표현 방식, 3차원적 표현 방식으로 분류된다. 2) 문헌을 통해 재료 간의 이음매를 연속성과 명확성으로 구분할 수 있으며, 재료를 서로 연결하여 공간을 둘러싸는 결구 구축 방식과 재료를 쌓아 올려 구축하는 절석 구축 방식으로 정의할 수 있다. 3)사례를 분석한 결과, 재료 디자인의 표현 방식에 따라 공간을 구축하는 방식에도 영향을 미치며, 모든 사례의 이음매 방식은 ‘연속성’으로 동일하게 적용되어 이전 시대에서 정의된 건축의 정의와는 다른 특징을 나타냈다. 본 연구는 디지털 패브리케이션이 적용된 재료디자인과 공간 구축의 관계성을 살펴보고자 하였으며, 디지털 기술을 적용한 공간 구축 방식을 모색했다는 점에 의의가 있다. 또한, 비정형 공간을 구축하기 위해 필수적인 재료디자인의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다. For a long time, the change in spatial construction methods had not been greater than in other firelds, however in the 21st century, changes are occurring in these methods based on advanced technology. In particular, the improved material-processing technology allowed a more effective construction of space than before. The concept of material design emerged amid such changes, however, not many studies have been conducted on it. Therefore, in this study, we would like to analyze the relationship between the presentation method and the spatial construction method of material design with digital fabrication. First, we defined digital fabrication and classified the expressive method of material design. Moreover, we examined the concept and the method of spatial construction through literature, and based on this, selected and analyzed the space applied with digital fabrication. The analysis result revealed that 1)the processing method of digital fabrication is defined as cutting, laminating, molding, and manufacturing technique is classified by the processing method. In addition, the expressive method of material design is classified into classified into 2D, 2.5D, and 3D methods 2)Through literature, we could distinguish the joint between the materials as continuity and clarity, and define the spatial construction method as the frame construction method, in which interconnected materials surround the space, and the ashlar construction method, in which materials are stacked up for construction. 3)As a result of analyzing the case, we found that it also affects the way space is built according to the way the material design is expressed. In addition, the jointing method in all cases was applied the same as 'continuity', showing a different characteristic from the definition of architecture defined in the previous era. This study sought to examine the relationship between material designs applied with digital fabrication and spatial construction, and has significance in seeking spatial construction methods applying digital technology in the future. Moreover, we expect it to be utilized as basic data on the material design essential for building atypical space.

건설자재관리 프로세스의 RFID기술 적용 연구

박소현(Park So-Hyun),이주현(Lee Ju-Hyun),송정화(Song Jeong-Hwa),오건수(Oh Kun-Soo) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.28 No.1(구조계)

As the scale of domestic building construction becomes larger, more complicated and more specialized, demands for quality improvement, cost reduction and construction period shortening increase. Construction materials management becomes a main factor to perform the project successfully. Therefore, various researches using RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) are being studied to manage the construction materials efficiently. This research aims to suggest the method of construction materials management using RFID in construction material. First, the technical properties of RFID are grasped. Second, problems are extracted by analyzing the case studies and related research using RFID in construction field. Third, construction materials are classified according to the construction process and process of materials management is analyzed. Lastly, method of construction materials management using RFID is suggested. The results of this research are expected to contribute the improvement of construction productivity through effective material management.

헤이리 예술인 마을에 사용된 현대건축 재료의 표현특성 연구

임혜경 ( Hye Kyoung Lim ),홍지나 ( Ji Na Hong ),최소정 ( So Jung Choi ) 한국공간디자인학회 2016 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.11 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 한국 현대 건축의 독특한 면모를 보여주고 있는 헤이리 예술인 마을은 여러 방면에서 종사하고 있는 문화인들의 요구와 의지로 만든 주거 단지이다. 건축물의 기본 구성은 자연 속의 전원주택의 개념과 자율적 도시의 개념을 혼합한것이며 각 주호와 참여 건축 작가의 독창성과 다양성으로 현대 한국 건축의 흐름을 표현해 내고 있다. 따라서 헤이리 건축에 사용된 재료의 표현 특성을 분석하여 건축과 인간의 소통에 다양한 재료 사용이 이 시대의 건축문화에 어떻게 반영되고 있는지 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 헤이리 예술인 마을에 대한 고찰과 헤이리 건축 재료에 대하여 조사 후 헤이리 건축 재료의 다중적 표현에 대하여 알아본다. 또한 헤이리 건축 재료의 사례분석을 통하여 사용 특성을 파악하고 사용된 건축 재료의 분석을 토대로 헤이리 건축에 나타난 현대건축의 재료적 표현특성을 파악한다. (결과) 헤이리 건축에 사용된 현대건축의 재료적표현 특성은 첫째, 재료의 본질적 성격인 물성이 그대로 표현되는 재료의 본성적 표현이다. 표현재료의 노출, 노출 시간의 변화에도 변함없는 표출재료를 사용하여 표면에 표출되도록 재료의 본성을 그대로 표현하는 특성을 보인다. 둘째, 투명성과 불투명성의 물성적 표현이다. 재료의 성질을 바탕으로 표현되는 것으로 재료의 물성이 근본적으로 나타나는 투명, 반투명, 불투명의 재료가 본래적 재료인 고유의 물성을 재료의 마감재 그대로 표현해 내고 있다. 셋째, 주재료와 부재료의 상호 관입적 표현이다. 하나의 주재료와 3-4개의 부재료로 재 유지되면서 주재료와 부재료가 서로 인접한 상태, 서로 맞물린 상태, 공간속에 포위된 상태로 상호 관입적인 표현으로 나타나고 있다. 넷째, 재료의 오브제적 표현이다. 재료는 심상을 강하게 불러 일으키는 새롭고 구조적 역할의 재료와 오브제적인 예술적 재료표현으로 변화되었다. (결론) 헤이리 건축은 한국 현대 건축의 새로운 시작점으로 주요한 역할을 담당하고 있으며 건축물에 적용된 재료는 그 건물의 고유한 성격을 드러내는 중요한 요소로 각 주호의 의도와 참여건축 작가의 건축스타일이 어우러져 다양한 건축물로 표현되면서 현재 한국건축의 정신적 흐름을 읽어볼 수 있는 지표가 되고있다. (Background and Purpose)The Heyri Artists Village that displays unique aspects of Korean modern architecture is a residential complex that has been created from the demand and determination of cultured individuals involved in various areas. The basic composition of structure is a combination of the concept of suburban house in nature and the concept of autonomous city and it expresses the current of modern Korean architecture through the originality and diversity of each residential unit and participating architect. Accordingly, purpose of this study is to examine how the use of various materials in the communication between architecture and humans is being reflected in the architectural culture of current era by analyzing the expression characteristics of materials used in the Heyri architecture.(Method)Upon reviewing the artists village and researching the Heyri architectural materials, this study will examine the multifaceted expression of the Heyri architectural materials. In addition, according characteristics of use will be examined through case analysis of the Heyri architectural materials. Based on the analysis, this study will examine the materialistic expression characteristics of modern architecture shown in the Heyri architecture.(Results)In regards to the materialistic expression characteristic of modern architecture used in the Heyri architecture, first, it is the essential expression of material where the property of material as its essential character is expressed as it is. It shows the characteristic of expressing the nature of material as it is to be displayed on the surface by using unchanging expressive materials regardless of the change in the exposure of expression materials and exposure time. Second, it is the property expression of transparency and opacity. Transparent, semi-transparent and opaque materials where material properties are basically shown as the expression based on material characteristics are expressing the unique properties of original materials through finishing materials. Third, it is the mutually intrusive expression of main material and sub-materials. While the main material and 3-4 sub-materials are maintained, mutually intrusive expression is being shown in the state where the main material and sub-materials are adjacent, the state where they interlink and the state where they are surrounded in space. Fourth, it is the objet expression of material. Materials were changed with new and structural role materials that powerfully cause imagery and artistic objet material expressions.(Conclusions)The Heyri architecture plays the main role as a starting point of Korean modern architecture and the materials that have been applied to the architecture as important elements of revealing the unique nature of the architecture are expressed as various architectures through the harmony between the determination of each residential unit and participating architect``s architectural style, thereby becoming an indicator of reading the spiritual current of Korean architecture of today.