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정만호(Man-Ho Jeong) 어문연구학회 2006 어문연구 Vol.52 No.-
This study has examined the character of ssangbineo(雙賓語 dual object), the arrangement of words, the ellipsis, the synonymous sentence, the grammatical utility through researching 『Samkuksaki(三國史記)』. Ssangbineo is made by combining more than two different characters of bineo(賓語 object) with one predicative. There must not exist the relationship of modifying and modified one and parallel between these two bineo(賓語), and the nouns which represent objects ought to be capable of transfer.<BR> As ssangbineo was a kind of a bineo, it could be able to get transposition under some conditions, and its hyperbaton for stressingmeaning was found also in『Samkuksaki』. The omission of sentence ingredients is an important phenomenon in Chinese grammar in addition to the hyperbaton. In this case of『Samkuksaki』, indirect bineo(間接賓語 indirect object) appears more frequently than direct bineo(直接賓語 direct object) with the influence of "Heon(獻)". It was confirmed that the synonymous sentence, the sentence organization representing same meaning but having different sentence of organization of ssangbineo, has some forms including [a predicative + an indirect bineo +i(以) +direct bineo], [i(以) +an indirect bineo +a predicative +direct bineo], [a predicative + a direct bineo+ eo(於) + an indirect bineo].<BR> The grammatical significance of ssangbineo can be found in affording various expression by mutual conversion between ssangbineo sentence and synonymous sentence, giving simplified sentence, and contributing to rhetoric.<BR> The discussed items in this study had only the subject of『Samkuksaki』so it needs more complement by further accumulated data afterwards.And also it needs reestablishing the term and the concept of "object", which is determined by our country, with considering the traits of Chinese language and the presence of ssangbineo and establishing the clear boundary with a complement.
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정만호 한국한문교육학회 2004 한문교육논집 Vol.23 No.-
韓·中 양국은 介詞에 의해 서술어와 결합하는 성분은 보어로 처리한다는 점에서 같다. 그러나 中國의 경우 敍述語에 뒤따르는 名詞性 성분은 賓語로 구분하고, 우리는 敍述語의 성격에 따라 賓語와 補語로 구분하는 차이점이 있다. 敍述語의 뒤에 위치하는 문장성분은 크게 세 가지 유형으로 구분된다. 첫째는 名詞性 성분이 직접 서술어와 결합하는 것이고, 둘째는 名詞性 성분이 介詞를 통해 서술어와 결합하는 것이며, 셋째는 둘 이상의 名詞性 성분이 서술어의 뒤에 연속되는 것이다. 韓·中 양국이 문장성분의 구분에 있어 견해차를 보이는 것은 첫째와 셋째의 경우이다. 介詞는 虛詞에 속하고, 虛詞의 생략은 한문문장에서 자주 발생한다. 따라서 虛詞인 介詞의 유무만을 가지고 문장성분을 賓語와 補語로 구분할 수는 없다. 따라서 賓語와 補語는 형태상 介詞의 유무뿐 아니라 의미와 서술적의 성격을 기준으로 삼아야 한다. 雙賓語의 순서는 間接賓語군가 선행하고, 直接賓語가 뒤따른다. 間接賓語는 사람을 나타내는 名詞나 代詞가 주류를 이루고, 直接賓語는 구체적 사물이나 추상적 개념 등으로 충당된다. 두 賓語의 사이에는 수식이나 소유와 같든 문법적 관계가 형성되지 않는 독립성이 확보되어야 한다. 반면 程度를 나타내는 補語의 경우는 주로 數詞로 충당되어 서술 동작이 지속되는 기간이나 數量를 표시하는 차이점이 있다. 이러한 점에서 雙賓語와 補語는 구분되어야 한다. For Korea and China, it is similar in that the constituent combined with the predicate by Gaesa is treated as a complement. However, there is also a difference that the noun constituent followed by the predicate is classified as an object in China, but it is divided into an object and a complement according to the characteristic of predicate in Korea. The sentence constituent followed by the predicate is largely classified into three types. First, a noun constituent is combining with the predicate directly. Second, the noun constituent is combining with the predicate directly through Gaesa. Third, more than two noun constituents are consecutive behind the predicate. The part that Korea and China show their differences in classifying the sentence constituent is the first and third case. Gaesa belongs to Heosa(expletive), and the ellipsis of the Heosa(exp1etive) happens from time to time in a Chinese sentence. For this reason, it is impossible to divide the sentence constituent into the object and complement only with the existence or nonexistence of Gaesa Thus, it is necessary for object and compliment to standardize the meaning as well as the existence or nonexistence of Gaesa. Regarding the order of dual objects, an indirect object precedes a direct object. For the indirect object, noun or pronoun that indicates a person occupies the most part, and for the direct object, concrete things or abstract concept is appropriate. Concerning dual objects, independence, which does not form grammatical relationship such as modification and possession, should be secured between the two objects. Meanwhile, in the case of the compliment that shows degree, it is usually appropriated with a numeral, so it has a difference that marks period or quantity of predicating action. In this sense, the dual objects and compliment should be distinguished from each other.
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