Lack of Association Between TaqIA RFLP of the Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene and Alcoholism in Type 2 Turkish Alcoholics

Karaogˇuz, Meral Yirmibes¸,O¨nen, I˙lke,Cos¸ar, Behc¸et,ArKan, Zehra,S¸ahin, Feride I˙ffet,Menevs¸e, Adnan 한국유전학회 2004 Genes & Genomics Vol.26 No.2

The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene is the first candidate gene that has shown promise of an association with alcoholism. A correlation between alcoholism and Al and A2 alleles of this gene has been under research. In this study, in order to determine the frequencies of allele polymorphisms in 52 unrelated type Ⅱ alcoholics and in 93 unrelated controls, extraction of DNA was performed and appropriate condition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established before TaqI enzyme digestion. To determine the significant difference in genotypes and allelic frequencies between the two groups, Fisher's exact test and Yates' corrected chi-square test were performed, respectively. No significant differences were found between the alcoholics and the controls in the current study in genotypes (p = 0.1600) and in the frequency of the Al allele (p = 0.7513). As a result, the data from the study do not support the hypothesis that the Al allele of the DRD2 gene has an association with alcoholism but it could have put additive effect on the determination of the racial differences in the allele frequencies of the TaIA polymorphism.

Liberalization and Unorganized Money Markets

Haaparanta, Pertti,Ka¨hko¨nen, Juha 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1990 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.5 No.2

An intertemporal optimizing model is used to study the welfare consequences of sequential liberalization programs in an environment where financial intermediation occurs not only in official money markets but also in unofficial(curb or grey money) markets. It is shown that raising the regulated official interest rate, which is often recommended in the financial repression literature as a measure to mobilize savings, can be welfare reducing if either trade is restricted or the fall in the unofficial interest rate caused by the reform has a very large effect on investment and future income. Similar nonstandard conclusions are shown to hold for other types of partial reforms.

Farm Work–Related Injuries and Risk Factors in South Korean Agriculture

Kim, Hyocher,Rä,sä,nen, Kimmo,Chae, Hyeseon,Kim, Kyungsu,Kim, Kyungran,Lee, Kyungsuk Taylor Francis 2016 Journal of agromedicine Vol.21 No.4

<P>Agriculture is known to be a risk-filled industry in South Korea, as it is worldwide. The aims of this study were to identify the magnitude of farm work-related injuries and evaluate the association between injury and possible risk factors. Farmers, including farm members (N = 16,160), were surveyed. After excluding 7 subjects with missing data in questions about injury, 16,153 farmer responses were used for the analysis. Of the 16,153 farmers, 3.6% answered having at least one farm work-related injury requiring outpatient treatment or hospitalization during 2012. The proportion of injured men (4.3%) was 1.5 times higher than women (2.9%). From an age perspective, the proportion was 1.3% of those aged 49 or below, 2.7% of those aged 50-59, 4.2% of those aged 60-69, 4.2% of those aged 70-79, and 3.1% of those aged 80 or above. We used a multivariate logistic regression analysis with a stepwise model (forward) for risk factors (gender, age, farm ownership, farm type, work years in agriculture, work months during 2012, night work experience, and work experience under the influence of alcohol). The increased risk of farm work-related injuries significantly remained associated with age, farm ownership, and experience of night work. Further studies should be conducted to consistently identify injury characteristics, especially for old farmers, considering the crop cultivation in Asian countries.</P>

Neuroinflammation, Gut-Brain Axis and Depression

Alper Evrensel,Barış,Ö,nen Ü,nsalver,Mehmet Emin Ceylan 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.1

Psychiatric diseases are the manifestations that result from the individual’s genetic structure, physiology, immunology and ways of coping with environmental stressors. The current psychiatric diagnostic systems do not include any systematic characterization in regard to neurobiological processes that reveal the clinical picture in individuals who got psychiatric diagnosis. It is obvious that further research in different areas is needed to understand the psychopathology. The problems in the functions of immune system and the correlation of neuroinflammatory processes with psychiatric disorders have been one of the main research topics of psychiatry in recent years and have contributed to our understanding of psychopathology. Recent advances in the fields of immunology and genetics as well as rapidly increasing knowledge on the effects of immunological processes on brain functions have drawn attention to the correlations between psychiatric disorders and immune system dysfunctions. There are still unfilled gaps in the biology, pathophysiology, and treatment of major depressive disorder, which is quite prevalent among the psychiatric disorders, can lead to significant disability, and frequently has a recurrent course. It appears that low-grade chronic neuroinflammation plays a key role in forming a basis for the interaction between psychological stress, impaired gut microbiota and major depressive disorder. In this review, the role of neuroinflammation in the etiopathogenesis of depression and the mechanism of action of the gut-brain axis that leads to this are discussed in the light of current studies.

The Process of Branding a City

Cemal Yü,kselen,Emel Gö,nenç,Gü,ler,R. AyĢ,en Wolff 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0

In studies about the branding of destinations, one finds the need to involve all the local and international stakeholders in the process of SWOT analysis and prepare a unique action plan. The Brand Destination Project of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Turkey is interested in making various famous cities culturally attractive to tourists. They expect economic and social development as they carry their historical values into the future. Antioch, the ancient name of Antakya, is one of the destinations targeted for branding in this project. Antioch was once the third largest trade and tourism center in the Roman Empire. It was also one of the first places to become a center for Christianity, drawing many pilgrims. It was a melting pot for many ancient civilizations in Anatolia. The purpose of this paper is to brand Antioch as a place where people have been living in the spirit of tolerance and brotherhood for many centuries against the backdrop of different religions and ethnicities. Furthermore, this paper includes suggestions for branding processes, responsibilities of stakeholders, and conclusions which may be realized by SWOT analysis and other exploratory research.

The Relationship between Apolipoprotein E Genotypes and Alcoholism in Type Ⅱ Alcoholics

Karaog˘uz, Meral Yirmibes¸,O¨nen, I˙lke,Cos¸ar, Behc¸et 한국유전학회 2005 Genes & Genomics Vol.27 No.1

Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) is important in plasma lipid metabolism and has three major isoforms which are encoded by three allelic forms, ε2, ε3, ε4. To explore the involment of apolipoprotein E gene in alcoholism, Apo E genotypes were evaluated after the digestion with Cfol restriction enzyme in 52 type 11 alcoholics and 120 healthy controls. The frequencies of ApoE alleles in alcoholics were 13% in ε2, 81% in ε3 and 6% in ε4. The corresponding frequencies of the three alleses in control subjects were 7%, 89% and 4%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the distribution of Apo E genotypes and alleles between the alcoholics and the controls (p>0.05).

The Process of Branding a City

Cemal Yü,kselen,Emel Gö,nenç,Gü,ler,R,Ayş,en Wolff 세계문화관광학회 2010 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.3 No.1

In studies about the branding of destinations, one finds the need to involve all the local and international stakeholders in the process of SWOT analysis and prepare a unique action plan. The Brand Destination Project of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Turkey is interested in making various famous cities culturally attractive to tourists. They expect economic and social development as they carry their historical values into the future. Antioch, the ancient name of Antakya, is one of the destinations targeted for branding in this project. Antioch was once the third largest trade and tourism center in the Roman Empire. It was also one of the first places to become a center for Christianity, drawing many pilgrims. It was a melting pot for many ancient civilizations in Anatolia. The purpose of this paper is to brand Antioch as a place where people have been living in the spirit of tolerance and brotherhood for many centuries against the backdrop of different religions and ethnicities. Furthermore, this paper includes suggestions for branding processes, responsibilities of stakeholders, and conclusions which may be realized by SWOT analysis and other exploratory research.

척수손상자의 점증부하 운동 중 운동자각도(RPE)의 심박수 예측을 위한 타당성 조사

김원중(Won-Jung Kim),김석진(Seck-Jin Kim),김천년(Chun Nen Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2011 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to provide the scientific basic data whether it is feasible to set the appropriate exercise-strength through RPE without using the restricted checking method such as the expensive equipment and place to set the exercise strength for the disabled using the wheel chair. Total 20 experimentees made the letter of agreement to participate into this experiment. The physical characteristics of participants were shown as; Age: 30.9±5.0, Stature: 172.4±3.3, Weight: 63.9±4.8, Blood pressure: contraction period: 131.7±12.8, relaxation period 78±13.5, Damaged part: T3-7 (N=7), T10-12 (N=10), L3 (N=3), Period of disability: 6.4±3.7, Cause of disability: Traffic accident (N=12), Hurt from a fall (N=6), Disease (N=2). The examination on heart rate and RPE was performed through the maximum exercise load examination using the wheelchair after pilot test. The stepwise analysis on RPE and heart rate showed the difference of ±10 beat in heart rate from step 1 to step 12 and RPE showed more than 20 beats than heart rate from 13 step to 16 step. The correlation between RPE and heart beat showed the significant correlate with step 1 to step 4. Medium level significant correlation was shown from step 5 to step 11 (p<.05). The case of the latter part of exercise did not show the significant correlation from step 12 to step 16. It could be considered that the application of RPE is feasible from low strength to middle strength using RPE to spinal cord injury as a subjective scale for exercise-strength from the summary of the above results. However, the correlation was very low when it goes to high strength and the difficulties in verifying the feasibility due to the reasons that the experiment was forced to be performed by few experimentees, and among them those who have not taken exercises would have gone through mental discomforts which might have affected the experiment results. Therefore, for the upcoming experiments, precise exercise test method for the SCI is needed at various environments to meet the needs to reverify the correlation between RPE and Heart rate.

Antibacterial and Antigelatinolytic Effects of Satureja hortensis L. Essential Oil on Epithelial Cells Exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fares Zeida´n-Chulia,Mutlu Keskin,Eija Ko¨no¨nen,Veli-Jukka Uitto,Eva So¨derling,Jose´ Cla´udio Fonseca Moreira,Ulvi K. Gu¨rsoy 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.4

The present report examined the effects of essential oils (EOs) from Satureja hortensis L. and Salvia fruticosa M. on the viability and outer membrane permeability of the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, a key bacteria in oral biofilms, as well as the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activities in epithelial cells exposed to such bacteria. Membrane permeability was tested by measuring the N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake and bacterial viability by using the commercially available Live/Dead BacLight kit. In addition, gelatin zymography was performed to analyze the inhibition of F. nucleatum-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in HaCaT cells. We showed that 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of Sat. hortensis L. EO decreased the ratio of live/dead bacteria and increased the outer membrane permeability in a range of time from 0 to 5 min. Treatments with 10 and 25 μL/mL of Sal. fruticosa M. also increased the membrane permeability and 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of both EOs inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in keratinocytes induced after exposure of 24 h to F. nucleatum. We conclude that antibacterial and antigelatinolytic activities of Sat. hortensis L. EO have potential for the treatment of periodontal inflammation.

Triterpenoid Saponins from Albizia mollis

Cheng, Zhong-Quan,Yang, Dan,Ma, Qing-Yun,Yi, Xin-Hui,Zhang, Nen-Ling,Zhou, Jun,Zhao, You-Xing Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.4