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Convenient Synthesis of N-Methylpyrrolidine-2-thione and Some Thioamides
Zong, Zhi-Min,Peng, Yao-Li,Liu, Zhi-Gang,Zhou, Shi-Lu,Wu, Lin,Wang, Xiao-Hua,Wei, Xian-Yong,Lee, Chul Wee 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.2
The synthesis of thioamides and thiolactams, which are used as important organic intermediates, has attracted great attention. However, expensive reagents, severe reaction conditions and low yields of the target products made conventional methods inconvenient and economically infeasible. To overcome these disadvantages, we investigated a new process for synthesizing thioamides and thiolactams. We examine thermal reactions of CS_2 with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinones, formylamide, acetamide and N, N-dimethylformylamide, respectively. The results show that under optimum conditions N-methylpyttolidine-2-thione and the corresponding thioamides can be obtained in good to excellent yields by the above thionation reactions.
Liu, Ning-Bo,Zhu, Lei,Li, Ming-Huan,Sun, Xiao-Rong,Hu, Man,Huo, Zong-Wei,Xu, Wen-Gui,Yu, Jin-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6
Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT for detection of bone metastasis in comparison with the efficacies of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT, CT, $^{18}F$-FDG PET and conventional planar bone scintigraphy in a series of cancer patients. Methods: Five hundred and thirty patients who underwent both $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy within 1 month were retrospectively analyzed. The skeletal system was classified into 10 anatomic segments and interpreted blindly and separately. For each modality, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: Bone metastases were confirmed in 117 patients with 459 positive segments. On patient-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT were significantly higher than bone scintigraphy, CT and $^{18}F$-FDG PET (P<0.05). On segment-based analysis, the sensitivity of CT, bone scintigraphy, $^{18}F$-FDG PET and $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT were 70.4%, 89.5%, 89.1% and 97.8%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT). The overall specificity and accuracy of the four modalities were 89.1%, 91.8%, 90.3%, 98.2% and 90.3%, 90.9%, 89.8%, 98.0%, respectively (P<0.05, compared with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT). The PPV and NPV were 89.8%, 87.6%, 85.6%, 97.2% and 85.6%, 93.2%, 92.8%, 98.6%, respectively. Three hundred and twelve lesions or segments were presented as lytic or sclerotic changes on CT images at the corresponding sites of increased $^{18}F$-FDG uptake. In lytic or mixed lesions, the sensitivity of $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT and $^{18}F$-FDG PET were better than bone scintigraphy, while in osteoblastic lesions bone scintigraphy had a similar performance with $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT but better than $^{18}F$-FDG PET alone. Conclusion: Our data allow the conclusion that $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT is superior to planar bone scintigraphy, CT or $^{18}F$-FDG PET in detecting bone metastasis. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT may enhance our diagnosis of tumor bone metastasis and provide more information for cancer treatment.
Wei Peng,Jie Liu,Wei Peng,Chenxu Li,Fuxing Zong,Wensi Xu,Xing Zhang 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.8
Heterogeneous catalysts with low cost, environmentally friendly, highly effective and ready separation from aqueous solution are highly desirable. Magnetic CuO-Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a type of non-toxic bimetallic transition metal oxide, is a promising heterogeneous catalyst for activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that has not been previously investigated. In this study, the activation of PMS by CuO-Fe3O4 nanoparticles was evaluated using the degradation of 4-chlorophenol as a model reaction. Several critical factors such as pH, catalyst dosage and PMS concentration were investigated. CuO-Fe3O4/PMS system demonstrated a wide effective pH range to degrade 4-chlorophenol, namely 5.5 to 9.5. With the increase of the catalyst dosage, the degradation efficiency of 4-chlorophenol appeared to increase first and then decrease, that the inflection point was 0.5 g/L. Elevated PMS concentration obviously improved the decomposition of 4-chlorophenol; however, the plateau was reached when the PMS concentration was 8mM. Further increase in PMS concentration would not significantly improve the removal efficiency. Through examining the effects of scavengers and electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses, CuO-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were proven to activate PMS through a non-radical and radical pathway to generate singlet oxygen, sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals. Based on results, CuO-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were effective, environmentally friendly and low cost catalysts for efficient activation of PMS. These features make CuO-Fe3O4 nanoparticles a readily available heterogeneous catalyst to activate PMS for refractory organic pollutants degradation in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).
Study of Recellularized Human Acellular Arterial Matrix Repairs Porcine Biliary Segmental Defects
Wei Liu,Sheng-Ning Zhang,Zong-Qiang Hu,Shi-Ming Feng,Zhen-Hui Li,Shu-Feng Xiao,Hong-Shu Wang,Li Li 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2019 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.16 No.6
BACKGROUND: With the popularity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, common bile duct injury has been reported more frequently. There is no perfect method for repairing porcine biliary segmental defects. METHODS: After the decellularization of human arterial blood vessels, the cells were cultured with GFP? (carry green fluorescent protein) porcine bile duct epithelial cells. The growth and proliferation of porcine bile duct epithelial cells on the human acellular arterial matrix (HAAM) were observed by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Then, the recellularized human acellular arterial matrix (RHAAM) was used to repair biliary segmental defects in the pig. The feasibility of it was detected by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, liver function and blood routine changes, HE staining, immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blot. RESULTS: After 4 weeks (w) of co-culture of HAAM and GFP? porcine bile duct epithelial cells, GFP? porcine bile duct epithelial cells grew stably, proliferated, and fused on HAAM. Bile was successfully drained into the duodenum without bile leakage or biliary obstruction. Immunofluorescence detection showed that GFP-positive bile duct cells could still be detected after GFP-containing bile duct cells were implanted into the acellular arterial matrix for 8 w. The implanted bile duct cells can successfully resist bile invasion and protect the acellular arterial matrix until the newborn bile duct is formed. CONCLUSION: The RHAAM can be used to repair biliary segmental defects in pigs, which provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of common bile duct injury.
Epidemic spreading on complex networks with general degree and weight distributions.
Wang, Wei,Tang, Ming,Zhang, Hai-Feng,Gao, Hui,Do, Younghae,Liu, Zong-Hua Published by the American Physical Society through 2014 Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and so Vol.90 No.4
<P>The spread of disease on complex networks has attracted wide attention in the physics community. Recent works have demonstrated that heterogeneous degree and weight distributions have a significant influence on the epidemic dynamics. In this study, a novel edge-weight-based compartmental approach is developed to estimate the epidemic threshold and epidemic size (final infected density) on networks with general degree and weight distributions, and a remarkable agreement with numerics is obtained. Even in complex networks with the strong heterogeneous degree and weight distributions, this approach is used. We then propose an edge-weight-based removal strategy with different biases and find that such a strategy can effectively control the spread of epidemic when the highly weighted edges are preferentially removed, especially when the weight distribution of a network is extremely heterogenous. The theoretical results from the suggested method can accurately predict the above removal effectiveness.</P>
Autophagy in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Treatment
Xu, Dong-Wei,Zhang, Guan-Qing,Wang, Zong-Wei,Xu, Xiao-Yin,Liu, Tong-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6
Autophagy is a self-digestion process, wrapping cytoplasmic proteins or organelles to form vesicles for degradation in lysosomes. The process plays an important role in the maintenance of intracellular homostasis. Here we overview articles on autophagy and cancer/tumors in Pubmed and found 327 articles. Autophagy exists in many tumors and is involved in cell malignant transformation and tumor cell growth. In early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy clears the abnormally folded proteins and dysfunctional organelles such as mitochondria. Autophagy can also inhibit cell stress responses and prevent genetic damage. When a tumor develops, autophagy helps tumor cells survive nutritional deficiencies and hypoxic conditions. Studies of autophagy in the occurrence and progression of tumors should provide new therapeutic strategies for tumors.
Joy Iong-Zong Chen,Li-Jung Liu,Wei Ming Huang 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
In this paper the average transmitted reference receiver (ATRR) and simple transmitted reference receiver (STRR), of transmitted reference system receiver of UWB system are analyzed via the test decision of extend maximum likelihood ratio (EMLR) method.
Hong-Yan Zhao,Wei Liu,Yi Wang,Nannan Dai,Jian-Hong Gu,Yan Yuan,Xue-Zhong Liu,Jian-Chun Bian,Zong-Ping Liu 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.3
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) induces apoptosis in osteoblasts (OBs); however, little information is available regarding the specific mechanismsof Cd-induced primary rat OB apoptosis. In this study, Cd reduced cell viability, damaged cell membranes and induced apoptosis in OBs. We observed decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potentials, ultrastructure collapse, enhanced caspase-3 activity, and increasedconcentrations of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 following Cd treatment. Cd also increased the phosphorylationof p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in OBs. Pretreatment with the caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126), p38 inhibitor(SB203580) and JNK inhibitor (SP600125) abrogated Cd-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, Cd-treated OBs exhibited signs of oxidativestress protection, including increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase levels and decreased formationof reactive oxygen species. Taken together, the results of our study clarified that Cd has direct cytotoxic effects on OBs, which are mediatedby caspase- and MAPK pathways in Cd-induced apoptosis of OBs.