An Iterative Algorithm to Estimate LIDAR Ratio for Thin Cirrus Cloud over Aerosol Layer

Zhenzhu Wang,Dong Liu,Chen-Bo Xie,Jun Zhou 한국광학회 2011 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.15 No.3

A new iterative algorithm is developed to estimate LIDAR ratio for a thin cirrus cloud over an aerosol layer. First, the thin cirrus cloud is screened out and replaced by a modeled LIDAR signal and the extinction coefficients of the aerosol layer are derived using the Fernald backward method. These aerosol coefficients are referred as the “actual values”. Second, the original LIDAR signal which includes the thin cirrus cloud is also inverted by the Fernald backward method down to the aerosol layer but using different LIDAR ratio for the thin cirrus cloud. Depending on the different assumptions about the LIDAR ratio of the thin cirrus cloud, different sets of aerosol extinction can be derived. The “actual values” which are found in the first step can be used to constrain this iterative progress and the correct LIDAR ratio of the thin cirrus cloud can be found. The detailed description of this method and retrieval examples are given in the paper. The cases compared with other methods are presented and the statistical result is also shown and agrees well with other studies.

An Algorithm to Determine Aerosol Extinction Below Cirrus Cloud from Mie-LIDAR Signals

Zhenzhu Wang,Decheng Wu,Dong Liu,Jun Zhou 한국광학회 2010 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.14 No.4

The traditional approach to inverting aerosol extinction makes use of the assumption of a constant LIDAR ratio in the entire Mie-LIDAR signal profile using the Fernald method. For the large uncertainty in the cloud optical depth caused by the assumed constant LIDAR ratio, an not negligible error of the retrieved aerosol extinction below the cloud will be caused in the backward integration of the Fernald method. A new algorithm to determine aerosol extinction below a cirrus cloud from Mie-LIDAR signals,based on a new cloud boundary detection method and a Mie-LIDAR signal modification method, combined with the backward integration of the Fernald method is developed. The result shows that the cloud boundary detection method is reliable, and the aerosol extinction below the cirrus cloud found by inverting from the modified signal is more efficacious than the one from the measured signal including the cloud-layer. The error due to modification is less than 10% taken in our present example.

Development of High Spectral Resolution Lidar System for Measuring Aerosol and Cloud

Ming Zhao,Chen-Bo Xie,Zhiqing Zhong,Bang-Xin Wang,Zhenzhu Wang,Pang-Da Dai,Zhen Shang,Min Tan,Dong Liu,Yingjian Wang 한국광학회 2015 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.19 No.6

A high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) system based on injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser and iodineabsorption filter has been developed for the quantitative measurement of aerosol and cloud. The laserfrequency is stabilized at 80 MHz by a frequency locking system and the absorption line of iodine cellis selected at the 1111 line with 2 GHz width. The observations show that the HSRL can provide verticalprofiles of particle extinction coefficient, backscattering coefficient and lidar ratio for cloud and aerosolup to 12 km altitude, simultaneously. For the measured cases, the lidar ratios are 10~20 sr for cloud,28~37 sr for dust, and 58~70 sr for urban pollution aerosol. It reveals the potential of HSRL to distinguishthe type of aerosol and cloud. Time series measurements are given and demonstrate that the HSRL hasability to continuously observe the aerosol and cloud for day and night

Efficacy and safety ofEight-Sequential-Portal Methodin treating elbow stiffness by elbow arthroscopy

Zhenzhu Fang,Yucong Wang,Jinyoung Park 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.3

Introduction and Background To evaluate the efficacy and safety of “Eight-Sequential-Portal Method” in treating elbow stiffness by elbow arthroscopy Material and Method From December 2014 to February 2018.46 patients were treated for elbow stiffness with arthroscopic in our hospital.The diagnoses included 23 cases of elbow osteoarthritis,11 rheumatoid arthritis,4 synovial chondromatosis,4stiffness after trauma,2 exfoliative osteochondritis and 2 gouty arthritis.We used ”Eight- Sequential-Portal Method” to establish the portals of elbow arthroscopy.We first established the proximal medial portal, inserted the arthroscopy. The proximal lateral portal was established under arthroscopy as the second portal, then sequentially established anterolateral portal, soft-spot portal, humerus-radio joint posterior portal, auxiliary posterolateral portal, posterolateral portal, straight posterior portal. The compartment of anterior , posterolateral,posterior was systematic explored. The operating procedures included loose bodies removal, synovial hyperplasia clearing, osteophytes hyperplasia clearing, articular capsule release .After surgery, rehabilitation exercises were performed under algesia controller during the day and extension brace was fixed for 2 weeks at night. The range of motion (ROM) before and after surgery was observed and compared, and the rehabilitation of elbow function was evaluated by Mayo scoring system. Results In this group,41 patients were followed up for 9 to 38 months, with an average of 13.6months. The average maximum flexion and extension range of elbow joint was (63.7±22.3) degree before operation and (106.5±32.8) degree after operation. The postoperative Mayo elbow-performance indexes ranged from 55 to 100(average,84.54±10.5) points.17 cases were rated as excellent,14 good,8 fair,and 2 poor.One case, the medial sensation of the forearm was reduced after surgery, considering the injury to the Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, one patient had dry skin and no sweating in the palm of the hand, considering the median nerve injury, but both recovered in 3 months after surgery. No ulnar and radial nerve injuries occurred. Conclusions The “Eight-Sequential-Portal Method” can ensure satisfactory exposure,clear view and release completely in treating elbow stiffness. The portals are safe, leading to low incidence of complications, It is a safe and effective treatment,and the curative effect is satisfactory.

Error Accumulation and Transfer Effects of the Retrieved Aerosol Backscattering Coefficient Caused by Lidar Ratios

Houtong Liu,Zhenzhu Wang,Jianxin Zhao,Jianjun Ma 한국광학회 2018 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.2 No.2

The errors in retrieved aerosol backscattering coefficients due to different lidar ratios are analyzed quantitatively in this paper. The actual calculation shows that the inversion error of the aerosol backscattering coefficients using the Fernald backward-integration method increases with increasing inversion distance. The greater the error in the lidar ratio, the faster the error in the aerosol backscattering coefficient increases. For the same error in lidar ratio, the smaller actual aerosol backscattering coefficient will get the larger relative error of the retrieved aerosol backscattering coefficient. The errors in the lidar ratios for dust or the cirrus layer have great impact on the retrievals of backscattering coefficients. The interval between the retrieved height and the reference range is one of the important factors for the derived error in the aerosol backscattering coefficient, which is revealed quantitatively for the first time in this paper. The conclusions of this article can provide a basis for error estimation in retrieved backscattering coefficients of background aerosols, dust and cirrus layer. The errors in the lidar ratio of an aerosol layer influence the retrievals of backscattering coefficients for the aerosol layer below it.

Protein Associated with Adventitious Root Induction Analysis of Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) Plantlets In Vitro by Two-dimensional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

Dandan Zhang,Zheng Wang,Liyun Shi,Wenqian Shang,Zhenzhu Fu,Dan He,Song Lin He 한국화훼학회 2016 화훼연구 Vol.24 No.2

In the present study, the plantlets in vitro of Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Wu Long Peng Sheng’ were used as laboratory materials. The proteome during adventitious root induction process was investigated to sift the related proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the protein spots were concentrated in the acidity gel region (pH 4 - 7) and the spots number had a dynamic change ranged from 373 to 462 at the process of root induction (0 – 7 d). 8 spots significantly changed were analyzed with a mass spectrometer and identified using associated software and databases. The peptide information of the 8 spots was similar to the ATP synthase β-subunit of P. suffruticosa (Spots 1 - 4 and 8), P. tenuifolia (Spots 5), P. californica (Spot 6) and P. brownie ( Spots 7) r espectiv ely. T he expression levels of protein spots 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7 was dramatically downregulated, and that of protein spots 2 and 3 had a slightly opposite tendency on the 3rd day. The obviously decreased period is particularly interesting as it was consistent with the induction period of adventitious root primordial of tree peony plantlet in vitro. The ATP synthase β-subunit could be consumed for assembling the ATP synthase in order to supply energy to the rooting process. Therefore, we speculated that the ATP synthase β-subunit was involved in adventitious root initiation of tree peony plantlets in vitro and we expect that further studies should be carried out in order to export its action mechanism.

12-year LIDAR Observations of Tropospheric Aerosol over Hefei (31.9°N, 117.2°E), China

Decheng Wu,Jun Zhou,Dong Liu,Zhenzhu Wang,Zhiqing Zhong,Chen-Bo Xie,Fudi Qi,Aiyuan Fan,Yingjian Wang 한국광학회 2011 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.15 No.1

12-year LIDAR observations of tropospheric aerosol vertical distribution using a Mie scattering LIDAR in Hefei (31.9°N, 117.2°E) from 1998 to 2009 are presented and analyzed in this paper. Characters of temporal variation and vertical distribution of tropospheric aerosol over Hefei are summarized from the LIDAR measurements. The impacts of natural source and human activities on the aerosol vertical distribution over Hefei could be seen clearly. Dust particles from the north in spring could affect the aerosol distributions below about 12 km over Hefei, and aerosol scale height in April reaches 2.29±0.68 km. Both LIDAR measurements and surface visibility imply that aerosols in the lower troposphere have been increasing since about 2005.