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Zhang, Bao Sheng,Lv, Xiu Feng,Zhang, Zhen Xiu,Liu, Yang,Kim, Jin Kuk,Xin, Zhen Xiang Elsevier 2010 Materials & design Vol.31 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Chlorinated polyethylene rubber (CPE) foams filled with various content of carbon black were prepared by compression molding. The effect of carbon black content on the cure characteristics, foam characteristics and physical properties of the CPE compounds were investigated. The results showed that adding ZnSt as activator could lower the decomposition temperature of azodicarbonamide. The results of a moving die Rheometer suggested that the cure characteristics were influenced by the content of carbon black, and the cure rate index increased with carbon black content. The morphology and physical properties results indicated that the content of carbon black played important roles in the cell morphology and physical properties of CPE rubber foams.</P>
Xin, Zhen Xiang,Zhang, Zhen Xiu,Zhang, Bao Sheng,Pal, Kaushik,Deng, Xu,Lee, Sung Hyo,Kim, Jin Kuk SAGE Publications 2009 Journal of composite materials Vol.43 No.24
<P>The usage of waste tire powder as dispersed phase in polypropylene matrix offers an interesting opportunity for recycling of the waste tire. In order to obtain ‘value added products’ from polypropylene (PP)/waste ground rubber tire powder (WGRT) composites, in this study, the processing of foamedPP/WGRT composites was investigated using a single-screw foam extrusion setup and chemical blowing agent. The regression models were constructed to study the relationships between the foam structure (i.e., void fraction, average cell size, and cell density) of foamed PP/WGRT composites, the processing conditions (extruder’s die temperature and screw speed), and the formulation compositions (WGRT content and blowing agent concentration) by applying a four-factor central composite design (CCD) statistical approach. The response surface plots generated using the regression models allow the rapid selection of the proper process parameters to obtain PP/WGRT composite foams with the desired density and morphology.</P>
Zhang, Shu Ling,Zhang, Zhen Xiu,Xin, Zhen Xiang,Pal, Kaushik,Kim, Jin Kuk Elsevier 2010 MATERIALS AND DESIGN Vol.31 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Polypropylene (PP)/waste ground rubber tire powder (WGRT) composites were studied with respect to the effect of bitumen and maleic anhydride-grafted styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene (SEBS-g-MA) content by using the design of experiments (DOE) approach, whereby the effect of the four polymers content on the final mechanical properties were predicted. Uniform design method was especially adopted for its advantages. Optimization was done using hybrid artificial neural network–genetic algorithm (ANN–GA) technique. The results indicated that the composites showed fairly good ductibility provided that it had a relatively higher concentration of bitumen and SEBS-g-MA under the studied condition. A quantitative relationship was presented between the material concentration and the mechanical properties as a set of contour plots, which were confirmed experimentally by testing the optimum ratio.</P>
Zhang, Zhen‐,Xiu,Fan, Jun‐,ling,Pal, Kaushik,Kim, Jin Kuk,Xin, Zhen‐,Xiang Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology Vol.17 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Nowadays the economic recycling of waste tires has become a global challenge. The use of waste tire powder as a dispersed elastomeric phase in a polypropylene (PP) matrix offers an interesting opportunity for recycling of waste tire rubber. Compatibilized PP/(waste tire powder) composites are microcellularly processed to create a new class of materials with unique properties. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of developing microcellular structures in PP/waste ground rubber tire (WGRT) composites. Microcellular PP/WGRT composites are prepared by an injection‐molding process using a chemical blowing agent. In this study, cell sizes, cell density, void fraction, and mechanical properties of the composite foams were measured, as well as the shear viscosity of the unfoamed composites. The influence of various compatibilizers and processing temperatures on cell morphology and the mechanical properties of injection‐molded PP/WGRT composites were investigated. It was seen that the addition of maleic anhydride‐grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐<I>g</I>‐MA) increased the shear viscosity of the composites. The void fraction and cell density of the PP/WGRT composites increased with addition of compatibilizers, whereas the average cell sizes decreased. A processing temperature range of 180–195°C gave finer microcellular structure and regular cell distribution. The SEBS‐<I>g</I>‐MA enhanced the elongation properties and acted as an effective compatibilizer in this particular system. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers</P>
Xin, Zhen Xiang,Zhang, Zhen Xiu,Pal, Kaushik,Kang, Dong Jin,Lee, Sung Hyo,Kim, Jin Kuk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology Vol.15 No.4
<P>Microcellular polypropylene (PP)/WGRT blends, a new outlet for the recycling of waste tire rubber, were prepared in an injection-molding process by using a chemical blowing agent. The effects of WGRT content and chemical blowing agent content on the density, cell morphology, and physicomechanical properties of the foamed PP/WGRT blends were investigated. The foam morphologies were characterized in terms of void fraction, average cell size, and cell density. The results indicated that both the WGRT and the blowing agent content had huge effects on the cell morphology and tensile properties of the PP/WGRT foams. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers</P>
Zhang, Zhen Xiu,Lee, Sung-Hyo,Kim, Jin-Kuk,Zhang, Shu Ling,Xin, Zhen Xiang The Polymer Society of Korea 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.5
In order to obtain 'value added products' from polypropylene (PP)/waste ground rubber tire powder (WGRT) composites, PP/WGRT microcellular foams were prepared via supercritical carbon dioxide. The effects of blend composition and processing condition on the cell size, cell density and relative density of PP/WGRT micro-cellular composites were studied. The results indicated that the microcellular structure was dependent on blend composition and processing condition. An increased content of waste ground rubber tire powder (WGRT) and maleic anhydride-grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS-g-MA) reduced the cell size, and raised the cell density and relative density, whereas a higher saturation pressure increased the cell size, and reduced the cell density and relative density. With increasing saturation temperature, the cell size increased and the relative density decreased, whereas the cell density initially increased and then decreased.
Xin, Zhen Xiang,Zhang, Zhen Xiu,Pal, Kaushik,Kim, Kwang-Jea,Kang, Dong Jin,Kim, Jin Kuk,Bang, Dae-Suk SAGE Publications 2009 Journal of cellular plastics Vol.45 No.6
<P>A new approach towards the recycling of waste ground rubber tire (WGRT) powder was demonstrated in this study by introducing the polypropylene/ waste ground rubber tire (PP/WGRT) foaming method by using CO<SUB>2</SUB> as the foaming agent in an extrusion foaming process. The regression models were constructed to study the relationships between the foam structure (i.e., void fraction, average cell size, and cell density) of foamed PP/WGRT blends, the processing parameters (extruder’s die temperature and CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration), and WGRT content by applying a three-factor central composite design (CCD) statistical approach. The response surface plots generated using the regression models allow the rapid selection of the proper process parameters to obtain microcellular PP/WGRT blends with the desired density and morphology.</P>
PIM Kinase as an Executional Target in Cancer
Xinning Zhang,Mengqiu Song,Joydeb Kumar Kundu,이미현,Zhen-Zhen Liu 대한암예방학회 2018 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.23 No.3
PIM (proviral integration site for moloney murine leukemia virus) kinase plays a key role as an oncogene in various cancers includingmyeloma, leukemia, prostate and breast cancers. The aberrant expression and/or activation of PIM kinases in various cancers follow anisoform-specific pattern. While PIM1 is predominantly expressed in hematological and solid tumors, PIM2 and PIM3 are largely expressedin leukemia and solid tumors, respectively. All of PIM kinases cause transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell survival and cellcycle progression in cancer. A variety of pro-tumorigenic signaling molecules, such as MYC, p21Cip1/Waf1/p27kip1, CDC25, Notch1 and BADhave been identified as the downstream targets of PIM kinases. So far, three kinds of adenosine triphosphate-competitive PIM inhibitors,SGI-1776, AZD1208, and LGH447 have been in clinical trials for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, prostate cancer, lymphoma,or multiple myeloma. This review sheds light on the signaling pathways involved in the PIM kinase regulation and current status ofdeveloping PIM kinase inhibitors as clinical success in combating human cancer.
Xin, Zhen Xiang,Zhang, Zhen Xiu,Pal, Kaushik,Lu, Bing Xue,Deng, Xu,Lee, Sung Hyo,Kim, Jin Kuk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of vinyl & additive technology Vol.15 No.4
<P>This paper presents an experimental study of the foaming behavior of polypropylene (PP)/(waste ground rubber tire powder) (WGRT) blends when using a chemical blowing agent in an extrusion foaming process. The effects of formulations (i.e., WGRT content, blowing agent content, compatibilizer) and the processing parameters (i.e., die temperature, screw speed) on the void fraction, average cell size, cell density, and cell morphology of the PP/WGRT foams were investigated. The blowing agent loading affected the cell structure of the foams and the average cell size, and the void fraction increased with increasing blowing agent loading. Both increasing the screw speed and decreasing the die temperature could establish a high pressure drop in the extruder die, and these were beneficial to the foaming extrusion. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers</P>