정신분열병 환각의 횡문화적 연구 : 상해와 서울의 비교 A Transcultural Study

金光日,長良棟,陸明康,朴康奎,朴容千,金大虎 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열병의 환각이 문화사회의 특성에 따라 어떤 차이가 나는지를 확인하고 그 의미를 문화정신의 학적 견지에서 고찰해보고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : Shanghai와 서울의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 환각의 형태, 내용, 주제 등에 관한 비교문화적인 조사연구를 하였다. Shanghai Mental Health Center, 국립서울정신병원, 한양대학교병원에 입원하고 있는 환자중 DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준으로 정신분열병의 진단이 확정된 환자 가운데 입원한지 1개월에서 6개월 이내인 환자를 대상으로 사전에 성별, 연령, 교육연한, 발병기간 임상아형, 등 5개 변인을 통제하여 조사대상을 선정하였다. 조사대상이 된 환자는 396명(Shanghai 182명, 서울 214명)이었다. 이중 환각이 확인된 환자 231명(Shanghai101명, 서울 130명)을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 결 과 : 환각의 형태에서는 양 집단 차이가 없었으나 환각의 내용이 양 집단에서 차이를 보였다. 즉 Shanghai에서는 정치적인 내용이, 서울에서는 초자연적/종교적 내용이 많았다. 결 론 : 환각의 주제나 내용은 망상과 긴밀하게 연관이 되어 있다는 점, 그리고 사회문화적 상황의 영향을 다분히 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Objective : The types, contents and major themes of schizophrenic hallucinations in Shanghai and Seoul were compared for evaluating cultural differences and connotation. Methods : Among the schizophrenic inpatients of Shanghai Mental Health Center in Shanghai and National Seoul Mental Hospital and Hanyang University Hospital in Seoul, 396 cases(182 cases in Shanghai, 214 cases in Seoul) were selected by two ways: a) five staged stratified random sampling of sex, age, education, clinical subtype and onset year, b) cases who have admitted for one to six months in their last admission. Among them, 231 cases(55.39% in Shanghai, 60.83% in Seoul) confirmed to have hallucinations were the final subjects of study. Results : Frequencies in types of hallucination were not different between the two groups. However, contents and major themes were different: Political themes and related contents were dominant in Shanghai cases, and supernatural and religious themes and related contents were dominant in Seoul cases. Conclusion : It was concluded that contents and themes of hallucinations were closely related to the delusional contents and themes, and such patterns were considerably influenced by so-ciocultural characteristics.

Shen-Kang protects against tacrolimus-induced renal injury

Long Ye Zhang,Jian Jin,Kang Luo,Shang Guo Piao,Hai Lan Zheng,Ji Zhe Jin,임선우,최범순,양철우,Can Li 대한내과학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.34 No.5

Background/Aims: Evidence suggests that Shen-Kang (SK), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, protects against various types of renal injury. In this study, we evaluated whether SK treatment confers renoprotection in a rat model of chronic tacrolimus (TAC) nephropathy. Methods: Rats were treated daily with TAC (1.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and SK (450 mg/kg, intravenously) for 4 weeks. The effects of SK on TAC-induced renal injury were assessed by measuring renal function, urine albumin excretion, histopathology, inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of profibrotic (transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1] and TGF-β inducible gene-h3 [βig-h3]) and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death. Results: Administration of SK preserved glomerular integrity (fractional mesangial area and Wilms tumor 1-positive glomeruli), attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and reduced the number of ectodermal dysplasia 1-positive cells, and this was paralleled by improved urine albumin excretion and renal dysfunction. At the molecular level, SK treatment suppressed expression of TGF-β1/Smad2/3, βig-h3, and proinflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death were significantly decreased with SK treatment, and apoptosis-related genes were regulated toward cell survival (active caspase-3 and the B-cell lymphoma-2/ Bcl2-associated X [Bcl-2/Bax] ratio). Conclusions: SK protects against TAC-induced renal injury.

Which Indicator Among Lumbar Vertebral Hounsfield Unit, Vertebral Bone Quality, or Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Measured Bone Mineral Density Is More Efficacious in Predicting Thoracolumbar Fragility Fractures?

Bo Zhang,Lu-Ping Zhou,Xian-Liang Zhang,Dui Li,Jia-Qi Wang,Chong-Yu Jia,Hua-Qing Zhang,Liang Kang,Ren-Jie Zhang,Cai-Liang Shen 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.4

Objective: Hounsfield units (HU), vertebral bone quality (VBQ), and bone mineral density (BMD) can all serve as predictive indicators for thoracolumbar fragility fractures. This study aims to explore which indicator provides better risk prediction for thoracolumbar fragility fractures. Methods: Patients who have received medical attention from The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for thoracolumbar fragility fractures were selected. A total of 78 patients with thoracolumbar fragility fractures were included in the study. To establish a control group, 78 patients with degenerative spinal diseases were matched to the fracture group on the basis of gender, age, and body mass index. The lumbar vertebral HU, the VBQ, and the BMD were obtained for all the 156 patients through computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The correlations among these parameters were analyzed. The area under curve (AUC) analysis was employed to assess the predictive efficacy and thresholds of lumbar vertebral HU, VBQ, and BMD in relation to the risk of thoracolumbar fragility fractures. Results: Among the cohort of 156 patients, lumbar vertebral HU exhibited a positive correlation with BMD (p < 0.01). Conversely, VBQ showed a negative correlation with HU, BMD (p < 0.05). HU and BMD displayed a favorable predictive efficacy for thoracolumbar fragility fractures (p < 0.01), with HU (AUC = 0.863) showcasing the highest predictive efficacy, followed by the DEXA-measured BMD (AUC = 0.813). VBQ (AUC = 0.602) ranked lowest among the 3 indicators. The thresholds for predicting thoracolumbar fragility fractures were as follows: HU (88),VBQ (3.37), and BMD (0.81). Conclusion: All 3 of these indicators, HU, VBQ, and BMD, can predict thoracolumbar fragility fractures. Notably, lumbar vertebral HU exhibits the highest predictive efficacy, followed by the BMD obtained through DEXA scanning, with VBQ demonstrating the lowest predictive efficacy.

Insuring Cultures: Unveiling Diverse Paths of National influences on insurance in Developed and Developing Realms

Xiaoxiao Zhang(Xiaoxiao Zhang),Kang Pil Cho(Kang Pil Cho),Seong Moon Yang(Seong Moon Yang),Yipeng Sheng(Yipeng Sheng) People & Global Business Association 2024 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.29 No.2

Study of the Key Technology of Ghost Imaging Based on Rosette Scanning

Zhang, Leihong,Kang, Yi,Pan, Zilan,Liang, Dong,Li, Bei,Zhang, Dawei,Ma, Xiuhua Optical Society of Korea 2017 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.1 No.5

Ghost imaging offers great potential, with respect to standard imaging, for imaging objects in optically harsh or noisy environments. It can solve the problems that are difficult to solve by conventional imaging techniques. Recently, it has become a hot topic in quantum optics. In this paper, we propose a scheme for ghost imaging based on rosette scanning, named rosette ghost imaging. Sampling a small area sampling instead of the whole object, the instantaneous field of view of rosette scanning is used as the modulation light field in ghost imaging. This scheme reduces energy loss, the number of samples, and the sampling time, while improving the quality of the reconstructed image.

Positive Effects of Soy Isoflavone Food on Survival of Breast Cancer Patients in China

Zhang, Ya-Feng,Kang, Hong-Bin,Li, Bi-Li,Zhang, Rui-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2

Aim: Soy foods are the major source of isoflavones, which are believed to play important roles in genesis of breast cancer and its progression. We here conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association of soy isoflavone food consumption with breast cancer prognosis. Methods: A prospective study was performed from January 2004 and January 2006 in China. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire to collect information on dietary habits and potential confounding factors. The relative risk [hazard ratio (HR)] and 95% CI were calculated from the Cox regression model for all significant predictors from cancer diagnosis to the endpoint of the study (event). Results: After a median follow up of 52.1 months (range, 9-60 months), a total of 79 breast cancer related deaths were recorded in our study, risk being inversely associated with a high intake of soy isoflavone. With an average intake of soy isoflavone above 17.3 mg/day, the mortality of breast cancer can be reduced by about 38-36%. We also found the decreased breast cancer death with high soy protein intake, with a HR (95% CI) of 0.71 (0.52-0.98). Stratified analysis with reference to the ER status, further demonstrated a better prognosis of ER positive breast cancer with a high intake of soy isoflavone (HR 0.59, 0.40-0.93). Conclusion: Our study shows the soy food intake is associated with longer survival and low recurrence among breast cancer patients. A cohort study with a larger sample size and long term follow-up is now needed.

Morin (2′,3,4′,5,7‐Pentahydroxyflavone) Protected Cells against γ‐Radiation‐Induced Oxidative Stress

Zhang, Rui,Kang, Kyoung Ah,Kang, Sam Sik,Park, Jae Woo,Hyun, Jin Won Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Vol.108 No.1

<P><B>Abstract: </B> Ionizing radiation can induce cell damage by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was carried out to investigate the radio‐protective effects of a flavonoid compound, morin (2′,3,4′,5,7‐pentahydroxyflavone) and the underlying mechanisms. Morin was found to reduce the intracellular ROS generated by γ‐irradiation. Moreover, morin protected cellular components against radiation‐induced membrane lipid peroxidation and cellular DNA damage, which are the main targets of radiation‐induced cell damage. Morin recovered cell viability damaged by radiation via inhibition of apoptosis. Irradiated cells with morin treatment reduced Bax, phospho Bcl‐2, active caspase 9 and caspase 3, which were induced by γ‐radiation. Irradiated cells with morin recovered the expression of Bcl‐2 reduced by γ‐radiation. Morin exerted anti‐apoptotic effects via inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase‐4 (MKK4/SEK1)‐c‐Jun NH<SUB>2</SUB>‐terminal kinase (JNK)‐activator protein 1 (AP‐1) cascades induced by γ‐radiation. The results suggest that morin protects cells against oxidative stress induced by radiation via reduction of ROS and attenuation of SEK1‐JNK‐AP‐1 pathway.</P>

Anticancer Effects of 23-Dihydroganoderic Acid N

Kang Kyoung-Ah,Zhang Rui,Piao Mei Jing,Kim Ju-Sun,Kang Sam-Sik,Hyun Jin-Won Korean Environmental Mutagen Society 2006 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.26 No.4

23-Dihydroganoderic acid N, a triterpenoid compound, was investigated whether it may show cytotoxic activity against U937, HeLa, NCI-H460 and MCF-7 cancer cells by MTT test. As a result, 23-dihydroganoderic acid N show sensitive to MCF-7 cells among NCI-H460, HeLa, U937, and MCF-7 cells.

Cobalt phosphide nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets: Promising anode material with high rate capability and long cycle life for sodium-ion batteries

Zhang, Kai,Park, Mihui,Zhang, Jing,Lee, Gi-Hyeok,Shin, Jeongyim,Kang, Yong-Mook Springer-Verlag 2017 NANO RESEARCH Vol.10 No.12

<P>Cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles which were uniformly embedded in N-doped C nanosheets (CNSs) were fabricated via the simple one-step calcination of a Co-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and red P and exhibited a high capacity, fast kinetics, and a long cycle life. This CoP/CNS composite contained small CoP particles (approximately 11.3 nm) and P-C bonds. When its electrochemical properties were evaluated by testing CoP/Na coin cells, the composite delivered a Na-storage capacity of 598 mAh center dot g(-1) at 0.1 A center dot g(-1) according to the total mass of the composite, which means that the capacity of pure CoP reached 831 mAh center dot g(-1). The composite also exhibited a high rate capability and long-term cyclability (174 mAh center dot g(-1) at 20 A center dot g(-1) and 98.5% capacity retention after 900 cycles at 1 A center dot g(-1)), which are commonly attributed to robust P-C bonding and highly conductive CNSs. When the reaction mechanism of the CoP/CNS composite was investigated, a conversion reaction expressed as CoP + 3Na(+) + 3e(-) a dagger' Co + Na3P was observed. The outstanding Na-storage properties of the CoP/CNS composite may suggest a new strategy for developing high-performance anode materials for Na-ion batteries.</P>

Subcellular Neural Probes from Single-Crystal Gold Nanowires

Kang, Mijeong,Jung, Seungmoon,Zhang, Huanan,Kang, Taejoon,Kang, Hosuk,Yoo, Youngdong,Hong, Jin-Pyo,Ahn, Jae-Pyoung,Kwak, Juhyoun,Jeon, Daejong,Kotov, Nicholas A.,Kim, Bongsoo American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.8

<P/><P>Size reduction of neural electrodes is essential for improving the functionality of neuroprosthetic devices, developing potent therapies for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, and long-term brain–computer interfaces. Typical neural electrodes are micromanufactured devices with dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Their further miniaturization is necessary to reduce local tissue damage and chronic immunological reactions of the brain. Here we report the neural electrode with subcellular dimensions based on single-crystalline gold nanowires (NWs) with a diameter of ∼100 nm. Unique mechanical and electrical properties of defect-free gold NWs enabled their implantation and recording of single neuron-activities in a live mouse brain despite a ∼50× reduction of the size compared to the closest analogues. Reduction of electrode dimensions enabled recording of neural activity with improved spatial resolution and differentiation of brain activity in response to different social situations for mice. The successful localization of the epileptic seizure center was also achieved using a multielectrode probe as a demonstration of the diagnostics potential of NW electrodes. This study demonstrated the realism of single-neuron recording using subcellular-sized electrodes that may be considered a pivotal point for use in diverse studies of chronic brain diseases.</P>