Enzymatic Synthesis of Theanine with Escherichia coli γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from a Series of γ-glutamyl Anilide Substrate Analogues

Hong-juan Zhang,Wei-guo Zhang,Zhi-yuan Wang,Yue-ping Zhan,Li-sheng Xu,Jun-zhong Liu,Qian Liu,Qing-cai Jiao 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.2

In order to investigate the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, ten para- and meta- substituted γ-glutamyl anilides were chemically prepared and employed as substrates to synthesize L-theanine to assay the activity of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. The reaction was optimized for γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide. Key factors such as substrate specificity, pH, temperature, and the substrate mole ratio were all investigated. Kinetic studies of the acyl transfer reaction were described and the Hammett plot was constructed. This study indicated that the ratelimiting acylation reaction of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase can apparently be accelerated by either the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents of γ-glutamyl anilides. The reaction could be catalyzed by the general acid and carboxy of Asp-433 or phenolic hydroxyl Tyr-444 may be the acid by autodock simulation for all prepared γ-glutamyl anilides.

Optimization study on roof break direction of gob-side entry retaining by roof break and filling in thick-layer soft rock layer

Yang, Dang-Wei,Ma, Zhan-Guo,Qi, Fu-Zhou,Gong, Peng,Liu, Dao-Ping,Zhao, Guo-Zhen,Zhang, Ray Ruichong Techno-Press 2017 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.13 No.2

This paper proposes gob-side entry retaining by roof break and filling in thick-layer soft rock conditions based on the thick-layer soft rock roof strata migration law and the demand for non-pillar gob-side entry retaining projects. The functional expressions of main roof subsidence are derived for three break roof direction conditions: lateral deflection toward the roadway, lateral deflection toward the gob and vertically to the roof. These are derived according to the load-bearing boundary conditions of the main roadway roof stratum. It is concluded that the break roof angle is an important factor influencing the stability of gob-side entry retaining surrounding rock. This paper studies the stress distribution characteristics and plastic damage scope of gob-side entry retaining integrated coal seams, as well as the roof strata migration law and the supporting stability of caving structure filled on the break roof layer at the break roof angles of $-5^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ are studied. The simulation results of numerical analysis indicate that, the stress concentration and plastic damage scope to the sides of gob-side entry retaining integrated coal at the break roof angle of $5^{\circ}$ are reduced and shearing stress concentration of the caving filling body has been eliminated. The disturbance of coal mining to the roadway roof and loss of carrying capacity are mitigated. Field tests have been carried out on air-return roadway 5203 with the break roof angle of $5^{\circ}$. The monitoring indicates that the break roof filling section and compaction section are located at 0-45 m and 45-75 m behind the working face, respectively. The section from 75-100 m tends to be stable.

Gamma and X-ray irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment against various stages of Planococcus lilacinus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Ma Chen,Liu Hui,Liu Bo,Zhao Ju-Peng,Zhao Qing-Ying,Song Zi-Jiao,Han Xin,Zhan Guo-Ping 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4

The cacao mealybug, Planococcus lilacinus Cock, is an important quarantine pest. Infested commodity should be subject to appropriate phytosanitary treatment, while irradiation is recommended for the cacao mealybug. Radio-tolerance comparison tests were conducted on the crawler, nymphs, and adult females of P. lilacinus at the X-ray radiation doses of 40, 80, and 120 Gy, respectively. The results showed that irradiation had a strong effect on preventing of development and reproduction; the adult female stage was identified as the most tolerant. During the following dose–response tests, among young and late females X-ray-irradiation (20–100 Gy), the late females were most tolerant when preventing F 1 generation 2nd instars emergence was used as the evaluation criterion. Minimum absorbed dose and its 95 % fiducial limits to provide probit 9 efficacy at 95 % confidence level (100 % mortality/inhibition in an estimated population of 93,616 individuals) were 131.5 Gy (122.5, 142.6 Gy) and 144.4 Gy (132.7, 159.4 Gy), estimating from the probit analysis on dose-mortality data of 1–30 and 1–10-day-old neonates laid by late females, respectively. In the large-scale confirmatory tests, a total of estimating 97,384 late females of P. lilacinus rearing on the pumpkins fruits were irradiated with gamma-ray at the target dose of 135 or 145 Gy (measured doses 126.1–163.0 Gy), which resulted in no F 1 generation 2nd nymphs developing during a 6-week post-treatment period. The treatment efficacy calculated is 99.9969 % at the 95 % confidence level. Therefore, a minimum absorbed dose of 163.0 Gy is recommended for phytosanitary treatment of P. lilacinus in infested commodity.

RBM24 exacerbates bladder cancer progression by forming a Runx1t1/TCF4/miR-625-5p feedback loop

Yin Yue-Wei,Liu Kai-Long,Lu Bao-Sai,Li Wei,Niu Ya-Lin,Zhao Chen-Ming,Yang Zhan,Guo Ping-Ying,Qi Jin-Chun 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

RNA–binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) acts as a multifunctional determinant of cell fate, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation during development by regulating premRNA splicing and mRNA stability. It is also implicated in carcinogenesis, but the functions of RBM24 in bladder cancer (BC) remain unclear. In the present study, we revealed that RBM24 was upregulated in BC tissues. Importantly, we found that a higher level of RBM24 was correlated with poor prognosis in BC patients. Overexpression of RBM24 promoted BC cell proliferation, while depletion of RBM24 inhibited BC cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, RBM24 positively regulated Runx1t1 expression in BC cells by binding to and enhancing Runx1t1 mRNA stability. Furthermore, Runx1t1 in turn promoted RBM24 expression by interacting with the transcription factor TCF4 and suppressing the transcription of miR-625-5p, which directly targets RBM24 and suppresses RBM24 expression. RBM24-regulated BC cell proliferation was moderated via the Runx1t1/TCF4/miR-625-5p feedback loop. These results indicate that the RBM24/Runx1t1/TCF4/miR-625-5p positive feedback loop participates in BC progression. Disruption of this pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for BC treatment.

Traditional medicine for post-viral olfactory dysfunction: A systematic review

Zou, Xiang-yun,Liu, Xue-han,Lu, Chun-li,Jin, Xin-yan,He, Bai-xiang,Liao, Yi-lei,Liu, Ting,Dai, Yi-dan,Qi, Shi-hao,Sheng, Zhu-jun,Yan, Zhan-feng,Yang, Guo-Yan,Stub, Trine,Liu Jian-Ping 한국한의학연구원 2024 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.13 No.2

Background: Post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) is the common symptoms of long COVID, lacking of effective treatments. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is claimed to be effective in treating olfactory dysfunction, but the evidence has not yet been critically appraised. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TCM for PVOD. Methods: We searched eight databases to identified clinical controlled studies about TCM for PVOD. The Cochrane risk of bias tools and GRADE were used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Risk ratio (RR), mean differences (MD), and 95 % confidence interval (CI), were used for effect estimation and RevMan 5.4.1 was used for data analysis. Results: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (545 participants), two non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs) (112 participants), and one retrospective cohort study (30 participants) were included. The overall quality of included studies was low. Acupuncture (n = 8) and acupoint injection (n = 3) were the mainly used TCM therapies. Five RCTs showed a better effect in TCM group. Four trials used acupuncture, and three trials used acupoint injection. The results of two non-RCTs and one cohort study were not statistically significant. Two trials reported mild to moderate adverse events (pain and brief syncope caused by acupuncture or acupoint injection). Conclusions: Limited evidence focus on acupuncture and acupoint injection for PVOD and suggests that acupuncture and acupoint injection may be effective in improving PVOD. More well-designed trials should focus on acupuncture to confirm the benefit. Protocol registration: The protocol of this review was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42022366776.