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Solar Water Splitting with a Hydrogenase Integrated in Photoelectrochemical Tandem Cells
Nam, Dong Heon,Zhang, Jenny Z.,Andrei, Virgil,Kornienko, Nikolay,Heidary, Nina,Wagner, Andreas,Nakanishi, Kenichi,Sokol, Katarzyna P.,Slater, Barnaby,Zebger, Ingo,Hofmann, Stephan,Fontecilla‐,Ca John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 Angewandte Chemie Vol.57 No.33
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Hydrogenases (H<SUB>2</SUB>ases) are benchmark electrocatalysts for H<SUB>2</SUB> production, both in biology and (photo)catalysis in vitro. We report the tailoring of a p‐type Si photocathode for optimal loading and wiring of H<SUB>2</SUB>ase through the introduction of a hierarchical inverse opal (IO) TiO<SUB>2</SUB> interlayer. This proton‐reducing Si|IO‐TiO<SUB>2</SUB>|H<SUB>2</SUB>ase photocathode is capable of driving overall water splitting in combination with a photoanode. We demonstrate unassisted (bias‐free) water splitting by wiring Si|IO‐TiO<SUB>2</SUB>|H<SUB>2</SUB>ase to a modified BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> photoanode in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell during several hours of irradiation. Connecting the Si|IO‐TiO<SUB>2</SUB>|H<SUB>2</SUB>ase to a photosystem II (PSII) photoanode provides proof of concept for an engineered Z‐scheme that replaces the non‐complementary, natural light absorber photosystem I with a complementary abiotic silicon photocathode.</P>
Xue, P.C.,Dong, B.,Zang, J.J.,Zhu, Z.P.,Gong, L.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.1
Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestibility of crude protein (CP), amino acids and energy in three Chinese corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), one rice DDGS, one American corn DDGS and one American high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG). In Exp. 1, the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids in the six samples were determined using cannulated barrows (initial BW: $43.3{\pm}1.7$ kg). In Exp. 2, the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of these six samples were determined using crossbred barrows (initial BW: $46.0{\pm}2.5$ kg). The results of the two experiments indicated that Chinese corn DDGS is generally similar to American DDGS in chemical composition, digestibility of amino acids, DE and ME. However, Chinese DDGS had a lower Lys concentration (0.50% vs. 0.74%) and SID Lys (52.3% vs. 57.0%, p<0.01). The DE and ME values in Chinese corn DDGS were 3,427 and 3,306 kcal/kg, respectively. Rice DDGS had a similar DE and ME (3,363 and 3,228 kcal/kg) but higher Lys concentration (0.64% vs. 0.50%) to corn DDGS, while the SID of Lys was quite low (61.8%, p<0.01). HP-DDG had high value of SID of Lys, DE and ME (79.8%, 3,899 and 3,746 kcal/kg). In conclusion, except for a lower Lys concentrations and availability, the chemical composition, digestibility of amino acids, DE and ME values in Chinese corn DDGS are similar to American corn DDGS. Additionally, the rice DDGS had lower Lys content and digestible Lys values than that in corn DDGS. Thirdly, HP-DDG has higher levels of digestible amino acids and energy than DDGS.
Amin, A.R.M.R.,Karpowicz, P.A.,Carey, T.E.,Arbiser, J.,Nahta, R.,Chen, Z.G.,Dong, J.T.,Kucuk, O.,Khan, G.N.,Huang, G.S.,Mi, S.,Lee, H.Y.,Reichrath, J.,Honoki, K.,Georgakilas, A.G.,Amedei, A.,Amin, A. Saunders Scientific Publications ; Academic Press 2015 SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY Vol.35 No.suppl
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
Mei, J.,Dong, P.,Kalnaus, S.,Jiang, Y.,Wei, Z. Pergamon Press 2017 Engineering fracture mechanics Vol.182 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It has been well established that fatigue damage process is load-path dependent under non-proportional multi-axial loading conditions. Most of studies to date have been focusing on interpretation of S-N based test data by constructing a path-dependent fatigue damage model. This paper presents a two-parameter mixed-mode fatigue crack growth model which takes into account of crack growth dependency on both load path traversed and a maximum effective stress intensity attained in a stress intensity factor plane ( e . g . , <SUB> K I </SUB> - <SUB> K III </SUB> plane). By taking advantage of a path-dependent maximum range (PDMR) cycle definition (Dong et al., 2010; Wei and Dong, 2010), the two parameters are formulated by introducing a moment of load path (MLP) based equivalent stress intensity factor range ( Δ <SUB> K NP </SUB> ) and a maximum effective stress intensity parameter <SUB> K Max </SUB> incorporating an interaction term <SUB> K I </SUB> · <SUB> K III </SUB> . To examine the effectiveness of the proposed model, two sets of crack growth rate test data are considered. The first set is obtained as a part of this study using 304 stainless steel disk specimens subjected to three combined non-proportional modes I and III loading conditions (i.e., with a phase angle of 0°, 90°, and 180°). The second set was obtained by Feng et al. (2007) using 1070 steel disk specimens subjected to similar types of non-proportional mixed-mode conditions. Once the proposed two-parameter non-proportional mixed-mode crack growth model is used, it is shown that a good correlation can be achieved for both sets of the crack growth rate test data.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Presented a two-parameter mixed-mode fatigue crack growth model. </LI> <LI> Both load path dependency and mean stress effect are considered. </LI> <LI> Validated by non-proportional mixed mode I and III crack growth tests on 304 steel. </LI> <LI> Good correlations are achieved both for test data obtained in this study and from others. </LI> </UL> </P>
Zhao, K.J.,Nagashima, Y.,Li, F.M.,Shi, Yuejiang,Diamond, P.H.,Dong, J.Q.,Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Zhuang, G.,Liu, H.,Chen, Z.P.,Cheng, J.,Nie, L.,Ding, Y.H.,Hu, Q.M.,Chen, Z.Y.,Rao, B.,Cheng, Z.F.,Gao, L. IOP 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.12
<P>The temporal-spatial structures of plasma flows and turbulence around tearing mode islands are presented. The experiments were performed using Langmuir probe arrays in the edge plasmas of J-TEXT tokamak. The correlation analyses clearly show that the flows have similar structures of <I>m</I>/<I>n</I> = 3/1 as the magnetic island does (<I>m</I> and <I>n</I> are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively). The sign of the potential fluctuations for the flows inverses and the powers significantly reduce at <I>q</I> = 3 surface. Approaching to the last closed flux surface for the magnetic islands, the radially elongated flow structure forms. The flows are concentrated near separatrix and show quadrupole structures. The turbulence is concentrated near X-point and partly trapped inside the magnetic islands.</P>
Ablation of irradiated metals by high-intensity pulsed ion beam
X. P. Zhu,M. K. Lei,S. M. Miao,T. C. Ma,Z. H. Dong 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III
Surface morphology and roughness of pure Ti irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) have been investigated by using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and profilometer, respectively. The HIPIB irradiation was carried out at an accelerating voltage of 220 kV, an ion current density of \symbol{126}250 A/cm$^2$ with 75 ns pulse width under single or multi shots. Craters were formed on the irradiated surfaces and their dimension was expanded with increasing the ion current density. At $<$90 A/cm$% ^2 $, small craters of $\mu $m size were observed on the weakly melted surface. At 90-120 A/cm$^2$, large craters about 10 $\mu $m were found on the obviously melted surface. At 120-250 A/cm$^2$, the surface was severely melted with craters and the size of the craters increased to 20-80 $\mu $m with a wavy feature. At 250 A/cm$^2$ with 1 shot, surface roughness (\textit{% R}$_{\mathit{a}}$) greatly increased to a maximal value of 0.43 $\mu $m from the initial \textit{R}$_{\mathit{a}}$ of 0.18 $\mu $m, in good agreement with the SEM observation. With further increasing the shot number, the \textit{R}$_{\mathit{a}}$ decreased continuously and finally reached 0.06 $% \mu $m with 30 shots, indicating a planar ablated surface. The micro non-uniformity on the surfaces induced a selective ablation under HIPIB irradiation. The locally liquid evaporation and droplet ejection led to a disturbance in the molten surface layer to different scales depending on the ion current densities. On the other hand, the micro non-uniformity disappeared gradually under multi-shot irradiation, resulting in a more uniform ablation due to the diminished selective ablation.
Radiative decay of theψ(2S)into two pseudoscalar mesons
Bai, J. Z.,Ban, Y.,Bian, J. G.,Blum, I.,Chen, A. D.,Chen, G. P.,Chen, H. F.,Chen, H. S.,Chen, J.,Chen, J. C.,Chen, X. D.,Chen, Y.,Chen, Y. B.,Cheng, B. S.,Choi, J. B.,Cui, X. Z.,Ding, H. L.,Dong, L. Y American Physical Society 2003 Physical review. D, Particles and fields Vol.67 No.3
Electronic Power Distribution Systems Dynamic Interactions in Hybrid AC/DC
I. Cvetkovic,D. Boroyevich,D. Dong,P.Mattavelli,R. Burgos,M. Jaksic,G. Francis,Z. Shen,S. Ahmed,F. Wang 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
Hybrid electronic power distribution systems have majority of loads interfaced to energy sources through power electronics converters. Furthermore, all alternative, sustainable, and distributed energy sources can only be connected to electric grid through power electronics equipment. However, one of the main challenges in designing and developing of these hybrid ac/dc systems has been modeling and analysis of dynamic interactions between converters at the synchronous and higher frequencies. In order to address these problems, this paper employs terminal-behavioral modeling of power converters as possible methodology for analysis, system-level design, stability, and subsystem interactions study. Some simulation and experimental results are both shown for model verification and validation purposes.