In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Topical Delivery System of Gentisic Acid in Hairless Mice

Bian, ShengJie,Zheng, JunMin,Kim, Jung-Sun,Choi, Myeong Jun,Chung, Ho-Kwon,Lee, Chi-Ho,Kim, Dae-Duk 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.3

Gentisic acid is a skin-whitening agent which inhibits the tyrosinase activity, an essential enzyme in the process of biological synthesis of melanin. Since melanin is synthesized in melanocytes located between the viable epidermis and dermis layer, drug amount delivered into the epidermis/dermis layer can provide valuable information for the biological effect of skin-whitening agents. The purpose of this study was to prepare the gentisic acid patches with 2% dodecylamine as enhancer, and to observe the in vitro skin permeation and in vivo skin deposition of gentisic acid. Gentisic acid in Duro-Tak 87-2510 patch formulation permeated across hairless mouse skin at the rate of 40.79㎍/㎠/hr. In vivo study showed that the gentisic acid amount in both the stratum corneum and the viable epidermis/dermis increased with the increase of application time. The amount of gentisic acid in the stratum corneum was higher than that in the epidermis/dermis layer, and was expected to provide a reservoir effect even after removing the patches. Thus, the patch formulation seems to be useful for the topical delivery of ski-whitening agent into the epidermis/dermis layer, the target site.

Thermally modified sterile neutrino portal dark matter and gravitational waves from phase transition: the freeze-in case

Bian, Ligong,Tang, Yi-Lei Institute of Physics Pub 2018 The journal of high energy physics Vol.2018 No.12

Anti-dumping Laws and Oligopolistic Trade

Bian, Jiang,Gaudet, Ge´rard 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.1

We study the effect of anti-dumping laws in a differentiated products quantity-setting oligopoly. Dumping may or may not occur in the model and may or may not be reciprocal. We show that the effect of adopting an anti-dumping policy on the welfare of the importing country is ambiguous. It can even lead to an increase in the consumers' surplus in the importing country. Hence the importing country may in some cases find strong reasons for the adoption of an anti-dumping policy. We then study the endogenous determination of the equilibrium anti-dumping policies in a two-stage game with reciprocal dumping in which the two governments simultaneously choose anti-dumping policies in a first stage. We provide a sufficient condition, relating the degree of substitutability in demand between the two goods and transport cost, in order for each country to have an incentive to deviate unilaterally from free trade in the presence of anti-dumping laws. We show that governments acting cooperatively to maximize world welfare should choose to endorse the institution of anti-dumping law.(JEL Classification: F12, F13, L13)

Molecular structure and physicochemical properties of starch isolated from hydrothermally treated brown rice flour

Bian, L.,Chung, H.J. IRL Press 2016 Food hydrocolloids Vol.60 No.-

<P>The impact of single and dual hydrothermal treatments on the molecular structure, crystalline structure, in vitro digestibility, and physicochemical properties of starches isolated from hydrothermally treated brown rice flour was investigated. Annealed rice starch (ANN) exhibited no significant change in molecular structure, whereas heat-moisture treated rice starch (HMT) showed decreased apparent amylose content, molecular weight of amylopectin, average chain length of amylopectin, and long amylopectin branch chains (DP >=> 37). The relative crystallinity, intensity ratio of 1045 cm(-1)-1015 cm(-1), and gelatinization enthalpy remained unchanged in ANN, but significantly decreased in HMT. In dually modified starches, the HMT-ANN had higher gelatinization temperatures, gelatinization enthalpy, relative crystallinity and ratio of 1045 cm(-1)-1015 cm(-1) than the ANN-HMT. Hydrothermal treatment substantially increased starch digestibility in the granular state, showing increased rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content and decreased resistant starch (RS) content. However, in the gelatinized starches, ANN and HMT showed decreased RDS level and increased slowly digestible starch (SDS) and RS levels. The changes in amounts of RDS, SDS, and RS in ANN, HMT and dually modified starches could be attributed to the alteration of crystalline and molecular structures. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Structural Mechanisms of the Cooling Rate Effect on the Deformation Behaviors in Metallic Glasses

Bian Zhou,Ming‑fei Li,Fan Xiong,Liang Yang 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

In this work, the structural mechanisms of the cooling rate effect on the deformation behaviors in metallic glasses (MGs) isstudied, by performing the synchrotron radiation-based experiments coupled with a series of simulations. It is found that aMG prepared at lower cooling rate has the higher yield strength and is more likely to soften itself, resulting in lower plasticity.This is because some atomic-to-cluster level structural factors, such as coordination numbers, atomic packing efficiencies,cluster concentrations and regularities. In addition, a quantitative analysis reveals that higher cooling rate leads to more freevolumes, and significantly affect the evolution of free volumes during the compressive deformation, tuning the formationand the evolution of shear transformation zones, as well as the yield strength and the plasticity.

Steady-state response and free vibration of an embedded imperfect smart functionally graded hollow cylinder filled with compressible fluid

Bian, Z.G.,Chen, W.Q.,Zhao, J. Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.34 No.4

A smart hollow cylinder consisting of a host functionally graded elastic core layer and two surface homogeneous piezoelectric layers is presented in this paper. The bonding between the layers can be perfect or imperfect, depending on the parameters taken in the general linear spring-layer interface model. The effect of such weak interfaces on free vibration and steady-state response is then investigated. Piezoelectric layers at inner and outer surfaces are polarized axially or radially and act as a sensor and an actuator respectively. For a simply supported condition, the state equations with non-constant coefficients are obtained directly from the formulations of elasticity/piezoelasticity. An approximate laminated model is then introduced for the sake of solving the state equations conveniently. It is further assumed that the hollow cylinder is embedded in an elastic medium and is simultaneously filled with compressible fluid. The interaction between the structure and its surrounding media is taken into account. Numerical examples are finally given with discussions on the effect of some related parameters.

Minimal flavored U(1)′ for B -meson anomalies

Bian, Ligong,Choi, Soo-Min,Kang, Yoo-Jin,Lee, Hyun Min American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.96 No.7

<P>We consider an anomaly free U(1)' model with favorable couplings to heavy flavors in the Standard Model ( SM), as motivated by B- meson anomalies at LHCb. Taking the U(1)' charge to be Q' = y(L mu - L tau) + x(B-3 - L-3), we can explain theB- meson anomalies without invoking extra charged fermions or flavor violation beyond the SM. We showthat there is a viable parameter space with a small x that is compatible with other meson decays, tau lepton, and neutrino experiments as well as theLHCdimuon searches. We briefly discuss the prospects of discovering the Z' gauge boson at the LHC in the proposed model.</P>

Research on Target Tracking Algorithm based on Improved Mean Shift and Kalman Filter

Bian Minjie,Honghao Gao 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.3

Axisymmetrical bending of single- and multi-span functionally graded hollow cylinders

Bian, Z.G.,Wang, Y.H. Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.45 No.3

Single- and multi-span orthotropic functionally graded hollow cylinders subjected to axisymmetrical bending are investigated on the basis of a unified shear deformable shell theory, in which the transverse displacement is expressed by means of a general shape function. To approach the through-thickness inhomogeneity of the hollow cylinder, a laminated model is employed. The shape function therefore shall be determined for each fictitious layer. To improve the computational efficiency, we resort to a transfer matrix method. Based on the principle of minimum potential energy, equilibrium equations are established, which are then solved analytically using the transfer matrix method for arbitrary boundary conditions. Numerical comparisons among a third-order shear deformable shell theory, an exact elastic theory and the present theory are provided for a simply supported hollow cylinder, from which the present theory turns out to be superior in stress estimation. Distributions of displacements and stresses in single- and three-span hollow cylinders with different boundary conditions are also illustrated in numerical examples.

Future prospects of mass-degenerate Higgs bosons in the CP -conserving two-Higgs-doublet model

Bian, Ligong,Chen, Ning,Su, Wei,Wu, Yongcheng,Zhang, Yu American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review D Vol.97 No.11

<P>The scenario of two mass-degenerate Higgs bosons within the general two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) is revisited. We focus on the global picture when two CP-even Higgs bosons of h and H are nearly mass-degenerate. A global fit to the signal strength of the 125 GeV Higgs measured at the LHC is performed. Based on the best-fit result of the 2HDM mixing angles (alpha, beta), theoretical constraints, charged and CP-odd Higgs boson direct search constraints and the electroweak precision constraints are imposed to the 2HDM parameter space. We present the signal predictions of the (4b, 2b2 gamma) channels for the benchmark models at the LHC 14 TeV runs. We also study the direct Higgs boson pair productions at the LHC, and the Z-associated Higgs boson pair production search at the ILC 500 GeV runs, as well as the indirect probes at the CEPC 250 GeV run. We find that the massdegenerate Higgs boson scenario in the Type-II 2HDM can be fully probed by these future experimental searches.</P>