CHARACTERIZATION OF Ti/Si BINARY OXIDES PREPARED BY THE SOL - GEL METHOD AND THEIR PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES : THE HYDROGENATION AND HYDROGENOLYSIS OF CH3CCH WITH H₂O

Yamashita, Hiromi,Kawasaki, Shinichi,Ichihashi, Yuichi,Takeuchi, Masato,Harada, Masaru,Anpo, Masakazu,Louis, Catherine,Che, Michel 한국화학공학회 1998 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.15 No.5

Titanium-silicon (Ti/Si) binary oxides having different Ti content were prepared by the sol-gel method and utilized as photocatalysts for the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of CH₃CCH with H₂O. The photocatalytic reactivity and selectivity of these catalysts were investigated as a function of the Ti content and it was found that the hydrogenolysis reaction (C₂H_6 formation) was predominant in regions of low Ti content, while the hydrogenation reaction (C₃H_6 formation) proceeded in regions of high Ti content. The in situ photoluminescence, diffuse reflectance absorption, FT-IR, XAFS (XANES and EXAFS), and XPS spectroscopic investigations of these Ti/Si binary oxides indicated that the titanium oxide species are highly dispersed in the SiO₂ matrices and exist in a tetrahedral coordination exhibiting a characteristic photoluminescence spectrum. The charge transfer excited state of the tetrahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species plays a significant role in the efficient photoreaction with a high selectivity for the hydrogenolysis of CH₃CCH to producea mainly C₂H_6, and CH₄, while the catalysts involving the aggregated octahedrally coordinated titanium oxide species show a high selectivity for the hydrogenation of CH₃CCH to produce C₃H_6, being similar to reactions of the powdered TiO₂ catalysts. The good parallel relationship between the yield of the photolumunescence and the specific photocatalytic reactivity of the Ti/Si binary oxides as a function of the Ti content clearly indicates that the high phatocatalytic reactivity of the Ti/Si binary oxides having low Ti content is associated with the high reactivity of the charge transfer excited state, of the isolated titanium oxide species in tetrahedral coordination, [Ti^(3+)-O^-]^*.

Effect of Biopsy Technique on the Survival Rate of Malignant Melanoma Patients

Yamashita, Yutaro,Hashimoto, Ichiro,Abe, Yoshiro,Seike, Takuya,Okawa, Katsumasa,Senzaki, Yuichi,Murao, Kazutoshi,Kubo, Yoshiaki,Nakanishi, Hideki Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.2

Background Cutaneous malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis. The detrimental effect of incisional biopsies on the outcome of malignant melanoma has been debated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence and type of biopsy on the prognosis of malignant melanoma. Methods The medical records of 109 malignant melanoma patients treated at Tokushima University Hospital from 1983 to 2007 were reviewed. After excluding 28 cases with stage 0 disease or incomplete data, 81 cases were analyzed in detail with respect to patient sex, age, tumor site, clinical stage at diagnosis, presence of ulceration or lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. The five-year survival and five-year disease-free survival rates of patients who underwent incisional or excisional biopsies were compared with those who did not undergo a biopsy. Results The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.19. The mean age was 61.3 years (range, 19-93 years). The most common site was a lower extremity, and the most common clinical stage was stage II. No significant differences in clinicopathological features, five-year survival rates, and five-year disease-free survival rates were observed among the three groups. Conclusions The presence and type of biopsy neither affected the metastatic rate nor the prognosis of malignant melanoma. The use of incisional biopsies is not encouraged because tumor thickness cannot be measured accurately. However, they may be helpful for confirming the diagnosis if an excisional biopsy cannot be performed.

Effect of Biopsy Technique on the Survival Rate of Malignant Melanoma Patients

Yutaro Yamashita,Ichiro Hashimoto,Yoshiro Abe,Takuya Seike,Katsumasa Okawa,Yuichi Senzaki,Kazutoshi Murao,Yoshiaki Kubo,Hideki Nakanishi 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.2

Background: Cutaneous malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis. The detrimental effect of incisional biopsies on the outcome of malignant melanoma has been debated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence and type of biopsy on the prognosis of malignant melanoma. Methods: The medical records of 109 malignant melanoma patients treated at Tokushima University Hospital from 1983 to 2007 were reviewed. After excluding 28 cases with stage 0 disease or incomplete data, 81 cases were analyzed in detail with respect to patient sex, age, tumor site, clinical stage at diagnosis, presence of ulceration or lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. The five-year survival and five-year disease-free survival rates of patients who underwent incisional or excisional biopsies were compared with those who did not undergo a biopsy. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.19. The mean age was 61.3 years (range, 19–93 years). The most common site was a lower extremity, and the most common clinical stage was stage II. No significant differences in clinicopathological features, five-year survival rates, and five-year disease-free survival rates were observed among the three groups. Conclusions: The presence and type of biopsy neither affected the metastatic rate nor the prognosis of malignant melanoma. The use of incisional biopsies is not encouraged because tumor thickness cannot be measured accurately. However, they may be helpful for confirming the diagnosis if an excisional biopsy cannot be performed.

Effectiveness and Sustainability of Education about Incident Reporting at a University Hospital in Japan

Noriko Nakamura,Yuichi Yamashita,Shinichi Tanihara,Chiemi Maeda 대한의료정보학회 2014 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.20 No.3

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of educational interventions to encourage incident reporting. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental design. The study involved nurses working in two gastroenterology surgical wards at Fukuoka University Hospital, Japan. The number of participants on each ward was 26 nurses at baseline. For the intervention group, we provided 15 minutes of education about patient safety and the importance of incident reporting once per month for six months. After the completion of the intervention, we compared incident reporting in the subsequent 12 months for both groups. Questionnaires about reasons/motives for reporting were administered three times, before the intervention, after the intervention, and six months after the intervention for both the intervention group and the control group. Results: For the intervention group, incident reporting during the 6 months after the intervention period increased significantly compared with the baseline. During the same period, the reasons and motives for reporting changed significantly in the intervention group. The increase in reported incidents during the 6- to 12-month period following the intervention was not significant. In the control group, there was no significant difference during follow-up compared with the baseline. Conclusions: A brief intervention about patient safety changed the motives for reporting incidents and the frequency of incidents reported by nurses working in surgical wards in a university hospital in Japan. However, the effect of the education decreased after six months following the education. Regular and long-term effort is required to maintain the effect of education.

Learning to Perceive the World as Probabilistic or Deterministic via Interaction With Others: A Neuro-Robotics Experiment

Murata, Shingo,Yamashita, Yuichi,Arie, Hiroaki,Ogata, Tetsuya,Sugano, Shigeki,Tani, Jun IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.28 No.4

<P>We suggest that different behavior generation schemes, such as sensory reflex behavior and intentional proactive behavior, can be developed by a newly proposed dynamic neural network model, named stochastic multiple timescale recurrent neural network (S-MTRNN). The model learns to predict subsequent sensory inputs, generating both their means and their uncertainty levels in terms of variance (or inverse precision) by utilizing its multiple timescale property. This model was employed in robotics learning experiments in which one robot controlled by the S-MTRNN was required to interact with another robot under the condition of uncertainty about the other's behavior. The experimental results show that self-organized and sensory reflex behavior-based on probabilistic prediction-emerges when learning proceeds without a precise specification of initial conditions. In contrast, intentional proactive behavior with deterministic predictions emerges when precise initial conditions are available. The results also showed that, in situations where unanticipated behavior of the other robot was perceived, the behavioral context was revised adequately by adaptation of the internal neural dynamics to respond to sensory inputs during sensory reflex behavior generation. On the other hand, during intentional proactive behavior generation, an error regression scheme by which the internal neural activity was modified in the direction of minimizing prediction errors was needed for adequately revising the behavioral context. These results indicate that two different ways of treating uncertainty about perceptual events in learning, namely, probabilistic modeling and deterministic modeling, contribute to the development of different dynamic neuronal structures governing the two types of behavior generation schemes.</P>

Rheumatoidal effects of Uncaria Tomentosa and Maytenus by a prolonged application

Yeunhwa Gu,Yuka Itokawa,Toshihiro Maenaka,Takenori Yamashita,Masayuki Tajima,Kaoru Tano,Hiroyo Kondo,Insuk Choi,Torao Ishida,Takashi Nakamura,Yuichi Ukawa,Kaoru Terai,Hajime Monzen,Masami Oshima,Tetsu 한의병리학회 2005 대한동의병리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.8