The complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened loach (Sinibotia reevesae) and its phylogeny

Yuan‑Chao Zou,Bi‑Wen Xie,Chuan‑Jie Qin,Yong‑Ming Wang,Deng‑Yue Yuan,Rui Li,Zheng‑Yong Wen 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.7

In present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Sinibotia reevesae was first sequenced using the next-generation sequencing technology and annotated using bioinformatic tools. The circular mitochondrial genome was 16,572 bp in length, and contained 13 proteincoding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 displacement loop locus. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced cypriniformes mitogenomes. The control region could be divided into three parts included the extended termination associated sequence domain, the central conserved domain and the conserved sequence block. Interestingly, two stemloop domains were found in control region and OL region, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes with two different methods (Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis) both highly supported the close relationship of S. reevesae and Sinibotia superciliaris, which was in line with the previous classifications based on morphological and molecular studies. These data provide useful information for a better understanding of the mitogenomic diversities and evolution in fish as well as novel genetic markers for studying population genetics and species identification.

Novel and Effective Almagate Enema for Hemorrhagic Chronic Radiation Proctitis and Risk Factors for Fistula Development

Yuan, Zi-Xu,Ma, Teng-Hui,Zhong, Qing-Hua,Wang, Huai-Ming,Yu, Xi-Hu,Qin, Qi-Yuan,Chu, Li-Li,Wang, Lei,Wang, Jian-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.2

Radiation proctitis is a common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of novel almagate enemas in hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) and evaluate risk factors related to rectal deep ulcer or fistula secondary to CRP. All patients underwent a colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of CRP and symptoms were graded. Typical endoscopic and pathological images, risk factors, and quality of life were also recorded. A total of 59 patients were enrolled. Gynecological cancers composed 93.1% of the primary malignancies. Complete or obvious reduction of bleeding was observed in 90% (53/59) patients after almagate enema. The mean score of bleeding improved from 2.17 to 0.83 (P<0.001) after the enemas. The mean response time was 12 days. No adverse effects were found. Moreover, long-term successful rate in controlling bleeding was 69% and the quality of life was dramatically improved (P=0.001). The efficacy was equivalent to rectal sucralfate, but the almagate with its antacid properties acted more rapidly than sucralfate. Furthermore, we firstly found that moderate to severe anemia was the risk factor of CRP patients who developed rectal deep ulcer or fistulas (P= 0.015). We also found abnormal hyaline-like thick wall vessels, which revealed endarteritis obliterans and the fibrosis underlying this disease. These findings indicate that almagate enema is a novel effective, rapid and well-tolerated method for hemorrhagic CRP. Moderate to severe anemia is a risk factor for deep ulceration or fistula.

The Empirical Study on the Dynamic Relationship among Brent Oil Price, CSI 300 Stock-index Futures and Shenzhen Stock Market

Qin, Rong-Yuan,Yim Byungjin 아시아유럽미래학회 2013 유라시아연구 Vol.10 No.1

이 연구는 브랜트 유가의 변동이 중국 심천주가지수와 CSI 300 주가지수 선물에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 연구로 문헌적 연구방법과 실증적 연구방법을 사용하고 있다. 문헌적 연구방법을 통하여 경제변 수들간의 관계에 대한 기존 연구를 검토하였고, 시계열 자료라는 특성을 감한한 분석방법들을 살펴보았 다. 또한 실증적 연구방법을 사용하여 중국 심천지수 및 CSI 300 주가지수 선물과 브랜트 유가와의 관계 분석을 위해 사용한 자료는 2010년 4월 16일부터 2011년 8월 31일 까지 332개의 중국 심천지수 및 CSI 300 주가지수 선물과 브랜트 유가자료를 사용하였다. 연구방법론은 시계열의 안정성 여부의 판정을 위 한 단위근 검정과 변수간 장기적이고 안정적인 관계의 존재여부판정을 위한 공적분(cointegration)검정 이 있고 변수간 상호영향력 분석을 위한 VAR모형을 이용한 예측오차의 분산분해기법으로 연구를 하였 다. 이상의 모든 분석은 Eviews version 7.0을 통해 수행하였다. ADF 및 PP검정 모두에서 단위근이 존 재한다는 귀무가설을 1% 유의수준에서 기각하지 못하고 있다. 그러나 1차 차분(1st difference)한 데이 터에 대하여 1% 유의수준에서 단위근이 존재한다는 귀무가설이 기각되어, 원자료의 안정화를 위해선 1 차 차분이 필요하다는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국 심천지수 및 CSI 300 주가지수 선물 과 브랜트 유가자료를 로그 차분하여 안정화시킨 후 분석에 이용하였다. 또한 시계열자료의 공적분 존재 여부를 판정하기 위하여 Johansen의 공적분검정을 수행하였다. 그 결과 유의수준 1%에서 공적분 검정 의 결과도 공적분 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유가의 상승은 비산유국들에게 경제적인 측면과 개인 생활 등 여러 측면에 영향을 미친다. 특히 경제 성장을 둔화시키고 물가상승률을 높임으로써 경제에 치명적으로 부정적인 영향을 미친다.유가가 상승하 면 소비와 투자, 경상수지흑자가 모두 감소하여 성장 둔화로 이어져 경제에 부정적인 영향을 미치게 된 다. 따라서 중국 주식시장의 지표인 중국 심천지수 및 CSI 300 주가지수 선물과 브랜트 유가의 두 금융지표간 인과 관계와 상호영향력을 살펴봄으로써 중국 주식시장이 어떻게 연계되어 있으며 그들 시장간 영향력의 정도를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 중요한 결과들을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사용하여 중국 심천지수 및 CSI 300 주가지수 선물과 브랜트 유가자료의 원시계열자료에 대한 안정성검정 결과 불안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사용하여 중국 심천지수 및 CSI 300 주가지수 선물과 브랜트 유가자료의 1차 차분시계열자료에 안정성검정 결과는 모두 안정적임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 사용하여 중국 심천지수 및 CSI 300 주가지수 선물과 브랜트 유가간에는 공적분관계가 존재한다. Because of the oil prices boom in the recent years, a lot of interest in the relationship between oil prices, stock index futures, financial markets and the economy has been generated. There has been a good deal of literature of theoretical and empirical studies drawing attention on oil prices and stocks markets relationship. The objective of this paper is to discover if there exists a relationship among oil price, stock-index futures and stock markets. For this objective, we investigate empirically the time-varying dynamic relationship among Shenzhen composite index, CSI 300 stock-index futures and Brent oil price. The dataset consists of daily Shenzhen composite index, CSI 300 futures and Brent oil prices during from April 16, 2010 to August 31, 2011 covering 332 trading days. And we utilize unit root test, co-integration test and Granger causality model based on VAR and Johansen co-integration test. In this paper, the stationarity of the data series were checked employing ADF and PP tests, showing that the level variables are non-stationary but the differentiated data are stationary. And then we tested for the existence of co-integration, revealing the existence of cointegrating vectors among test variables. Moreover, the empirical results of these three variables are as follows: First, the short-term forecasting of the returns of current or future Shenzhen stocks CSI 300 futures cannot be improved by the movement of CSI 300 futures and vice verse. Second, the knowledge of recent Shenzhen stock index data has an effect on the short run forecasts of Brent oil prices, but the recent Brent oil price data does not increase or decrease the returns of Shenzhen stock. Third, the recent CSI 300 futures data leads the changes of Brent oil price but the recent Brent oil price data does not improve the current or future forecasting of CSI 300 futures. As a consequence, both Shenzhen stock index and CSI 300 futures affect Brent oil price and the influence from Shenzhen stock index to Brent oil price is stronger than that from CSI 300 futures to Brent oil price.

Inhibition of α-glucosidase by 2-thiobarbituric acid: Molecular dynamics simulation integrating parabolic noncompetitive inhibition kinetics

Qin, Xiu-Yuan,Lee, Jinhyuk,Zheng, Li,Yang, Jun-Mo,Gong, Yan,Park, Yong-Doo Elsevier 2018 Process biochemistry Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The phenomenon of α-glucosidase inhibition has attracted the attention of researchers due to its association with type 2 diabetes treatment in humans. In this study, we found that 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) induces complex inhibition of α-glucosidase using kinetics tests and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Computational MD and docking simulations demonstrate that TBA interacts with three residues on active sites of α-glucosidase such as Met69, Arg212, and His348. These biochemical tests indicate that TBA reversibly inhibits α-glucosidase in a parabolic noncompetitive manner (<I>IC</I> <SUB>50</SUB> =17.13±1.14mM; <I>K</I> <SUB>i</SUB> =13.25±0.56mM) and that this inhibition is accompanied by a biphasic kinetic process. The tertiary conformational changes were not synchronized with TBA inhibition but we observed hydrophobic disruption after inactivation at higher concentrations of TBA. Our results provide insight into the functional roles of residues located at the active sites of α-glucosidase, and we suggest that compounds similar to TBA (heterocyclic compounds) targeting the key residues of active sites are potential α-glucosidase inhibitors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 2-Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) induces complex inhibition of α-glucosidase. </LI> <LI> Computational MD simulations demonstrate that TBA interacts with Met69, Arg212, and His348. </LI> <LI> TBA reversibly inhibits α-glucosidase in a parabolic noncompetitive manner (<I>IC</I> <SUB>50</SUB> =17.13±1.14mM; <I>K</I> <SUB>i</SUB> =13.25±0.56mM). </LI> <LI> The high dose of TBA induces hydrophobic disruption after inactivation. </LI> <LI> Heterocyclic compounds targeting the key residues of active sites are potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

An Empirical Study on the Hedging Performance of the CSI 300 Stock Index and the CSI 300 Stock Index Futures

Rong-Yuan Qin,임병진 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.3

This paper is concerned with the hedging effectiveness of CSI 300 stock-index futures in the China spot market. Various models are used to estimate hedge ratio, namely simple ordinary least squares(OLS), vector error correction model(VECM) and a class of multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic model (GARCH). The multivariate GARCH model can estimate the time varying hedge ratio whereas the other models give a constant hedge ratio. The data consists of CSI 300 index and its stock-index futures covering the period April 16, 2010 to January 18, 2013 with 669 observations. The hedge performance analysis was performed by out-of-sample. The hedging performance of the models may vary according to the hedge horizon. Therefore, this paper considered the hedging effectiveness of the three models described previously over daily, weekly and monthly horizons. In order to analyze the hedge performance using out-of-sample, the total sample was split into two sections. The first 601 observations were used to estimate the optimal hedge ratio providing 600 returns for each variable and the remaining 68 observations were utilized to check the efficiency of the estimated hedge ratio.Based on analysis of this study, the following conclusions have been drawn: First, the stationarity of the data series were checked using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips and Perron (PP) tests. These results showed that the time series of variable level contain unit roots and were non-stationary, while the time series of first difference variables were stationary at 1% level. Second, the Johansen Co-integration model was applied to find out the co-integration between CSI 300 index and its stock-index futures. The results showed that the null hypothesis of no co-integration between test variables was rejected. Hence, it can be depicted that the variables exhibit a long-run association between each other. Third, the out-of-the-sample forecasts concluded that the VECM and GARCH (1, 1) models resulted to about the same performance of hedging effectiveness with higher percentage in variance reduction than OLS model. The CSI 300 stock-index futures contracts provide a reasonably high level of hedging effectiveness (i.e. 80%~96%) and it can be said that CSI 300 futures contracts provided useful risk management tool hedging and for portfolio diversification.

The Lead-Lag Relationship between Volatility Index Futures and Spot in the Korean Stock Market

Rong-Yuan Qin,Ji-Hun Heo 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.4

This empirical study examines the short-run lead-lag relationship between the VKOSPI index futures and its underlying spot index and KOSPI index using daily data from September 17, 2014 to May 2017. We used the unit root test, Johansen-Juselius cointegration test, Granger causality analysis, impulse response function analysis, and variance decomposition analysis to test the hypothesis that the futures market with no market frictions leads the spot market in this analysis. The results of these analyses using level variables show that there is a bi-directional lead-lag relationship between the VKOSPI futures and VKOSPI index, but in the analysis using first-difference variables, there is only a unidirectional lead-lag relationship form VKOSPI index to VKOSPI futures. This means that the VKOSPI spot market is more efficient than the futures market. Also, there are no lead-lag relationship from VKOSPI futures or VKOSPI index to KOSPI index. It is inconsistent with the main expected hypothesis in our study and the conclusions of previous studies which argue that the VIX futures lead the VIX index and S&P 500 index. This results are related to a lack of liquidity of VKOSPI futures contracts in the Korean derivatives market. Because generally, the Korean institutional investors prefer option trading, to hedge market risk rather than VKOSPI futures. Change in the price of the option will result in the change in the VKOSPI index and subsequently the mechanism that alters the VKOSPI futures or the KOSPI index.

『소학언해』한자어 동사의 의미 변화 양상 : 현대 국어와의 비교를 중심으로

진사원(Qin Si-yuan),이금영(Lee Kum-young) 어문연구학회 2021 어문연구 Vol.108 No.-

이 논문은 선조 20년 교정청에서 간행된 『소학언해』에 나오는 한자어 동사가 문맥에 따라 어떠한 의미로 사용되었는지를 밝히고, 현대 한국어와의 비교를 통해서 어떤 의미적 변화를 겪었는지를 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 『소학언해』와 한문 원문을 대응하여 『소학언해』에 나오는 한자어 동사를 추출하였다. 추출한 한자 표기 한자어는 135개이고 한글 표기 한자어는 211개로 총 346개이다. 그중에 단어의 어근이 같은 경우를 제외하면 실제 분석한 한자어의 총 어휘 수는 295개가 된다. 『소학언해』에서 추출한 한자어 동사의 정확한 의미를 확인하기 위해서 고어사전 외에 한문 원문 『소학』과 『(原本)小學集註卷(全)』을 참고하였다. 그리고 대응되는 원문 한자의 의미를 확인하기 위해서 한자 사전 외에 『說文解字』와, 『소학언해』가 저본으로 한 程愈(明)의 『小學集說』을 참고하였고, 『소학언해』의 협주에 나오는 한자어 동사의 의미 설명도 참고하였다. 또한 ‘Uniconc’ 프로그램을 이용하여 16세기 다른 문헌에 나타나는 해당 동사의 용례를 발췌하여 그 의미를 면밀히 분석하였다. 이렇게 하여 정리된 한자어 동사의 의미를 현대 한국어에서 사용되는 동사의 의미와 대비하여 그 의미 변화 양상을 구체적으로 고찰하였다. 그 결과 『소학언해』에서 실제 분석된 한자어 동사 총 295개 중에 현대 한국어와 비교해 의미 변화가 있는 한자어 동사는 59개로 분석되었다. 의미 변화가 있는 단어들은 다시 의미의 확대와 축소, 그리고 전이로 나누어 각 유형에 따라 16세기 문헌 자료에 쓰인 한자어 동사와 그에 대응하는 현대 한국어와의 의미 변화 양상을 구체적으로 검토하였다. This paper clarified the meaning expressed in different contexts of Sino-Korean verbs in the 『Sohak-Eonhae』 published by Correction Department in 1588, and revealed the semantic changes of Sino-Korean verbs compared with modern Korean. First of all, by careful comparison between 『Sohak-Eonhae』 and its original Chinese edition, the Sino-Korean verbs in the 『Sohak-Eonhae』 were extracted. Among a total of 346, the number of Sino-Korean verbs with Chinese character-root was 135, while the number of Sino-Korean verbs with Korean Orthography-root was 211. Except for words with the same root, the total number of Sino-Korean verbs actually analyzed was 295. In order to confirm the correct meaning of Sino-Korean verbs extracted from the 『Sohak-Eonhae』, this paper first examined the contexts of the 『Sohak-Eonhae』 with reference to the ancient Dictionary as well as the original Chinese edition and the 『(original) Sohak Jipju』. This paper also referred to Chinese character dictionary, the explanation of Sino-Korean verbs appearing in the annotation of the context, the 『Shuowen Jiezi』 and Cheng Yu s 『Sohak-Jipseol』 in order to confirm the meaning of the corresponding Sino-Korean verbs in the original text. In addition, “Uniconc software was used to extract examples of relevant verbs that appeared in other literature in the 16th century and then their meanings and the syntactical structures were analyzed. Finally, by comparing the collated Sino-Korean verbs with their corresponding modern Korean verbs, the change of their meanings was specifically investigated. As a result, it was revealed that 59 verbs out of the total number of the verbs from 『Sohak-Eonhae』 have undergone semantic changes. The verbs were classified into three types of semantic change, such as Semantic Expansion, Semantic Restriction and Semantic Transfer. It was illustrated that 11 verbs have undergone semantic expansion, 25 verbs have undergone semantic restriction and 23 verbs have undergone semantic transfer.

Current Evidence on the Association between rs3757318 of C6orf97 and Breast Cancer Risk: a Meta-Analysis

Hong, Yuan,Chen, Xue-Qin,Li, Jiao-Yuan,Liu, Cheng,Shen, Na,Zhu, Bei-Bei,Gong, Jing,Chen, Wei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: A common genetic variant rs3757318, located in intron of C6orf97, was firstly identified to be associated with breast cancer (BC) risk by a genome-wide association (GWA) study. However, subsequent validation studies with different ethnicities have yielded conflicting results. Materials and Methods: We performed a meta-analysis to synthesize all available data for evaluating the precise effect of this variant on BC susceptibility. Results: A total of 8 articles containing 11 studies with 62,891 cases and 65,635 controls were included in this meta-analysis. When compared to the G allele, the rs3757318-A allele was significantly associated with BC risk with the pooled OR of 1.21 (95% CI=1.15 - 1.29, P<0.001) but with obvious between-study heterogeneity (P=0.040). Stratified analysis suggested that diversity of ethnicity along with control source may explain part of the heterogeneity. Similarly, significant associations were also identified in heterozygote, homozygote, dominant and recessive genetic models. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses indicated robust stability of our results. Conclusions: Our present meta-analysis demonstrated that the variant rs3757318 is associated with increased BC risk. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to clarify the underlying biological mechanisms.

Up-regulation of NICE-3 as a Novel EDC Gene Could Contribute to Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Wei, Yuan-Jiang,Hu, Qin-Qin,Gu, Cheng-Yu,Wang, Yu-Ping,Han, Ze-Guang,Cai, Bing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) contains a large number of gene products which are crucial for the maturation of the human epidermis and can contribute to skin diseases, even carcinogenesis. It is generally accepted that activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes play pivotal roles in the process of carcinogenesis. Here, NICE-3, a novel EDC gene, was found to be up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, overexpression of exogenous NICE-3 by recombinant plasmids could significantly promote cell proliferation, colony formation and soft agar colony formation in Focus and WRL-68 HCC cell lines. Reversely, NICE-3 silencing by RNA interference could markedly inhibit these malignant phenotypes in YY-8103 and MHCC-97H cells. Moreover, cell cycle analysis of MHCC-97H transfected with siRNA by flow cytometry showed that NICE-3 knockdown may inhibit cell growth via arrest in G0/G1 phase and hindering entry of cells into S phase. All data of our findings indicate that NICE-3 may contribute to human hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting cell proliferation.

An Empirical Study on the Lead-lag Relationship between Five-year Chinese Government Spot Bonds and Futures Markets

Rong-Yuan Qin,Ji-Hun Heo 한국무역연구원 2017 무역연구 Vol.13 No.1

This empirical study examines the short-term dynamic lead-lag relationship between five-year Chinese government bond futures index and its underlying spot index, using daily data from September 06, 2013 to August 31, 2016. We carry out unit root test, Johansen-Juselius cointegration test, Granger causality analysis, impulse response function analysis, and variance decomposition analysis. The empirical results of this paper reveal that five-year Chinese government bond futures and spot level variables are non-stationary time series data with unit root, but the first differences in the logarithm of the prices are stationary. As a result of the cointegration test, it was confirmed that there is no long-term equilibrium relationship between the two level variables (price). Lastly, the results of Granger causality, impulse response functions, and the variance decomposition analysis show that the returns of five-year Chinese government bond futures one-sidedly lead the underlying spot returns. This means that the five-year government bond futures market is more efficient in China. Also, these results are consistent with the results of previous studies, and are expected to be useful for traders, regulatory bodies and practitioners for several reasons, such as price discovery, hedging and arbitrage opportunities.