Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction in Solid Tumors

Lei, Yuan-Yuan,Wang, Wei-Jia,Mei, Jin-Hong,Wang, Chun-Liang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important signaling pathway in living beings in response to extracellular stimuli. There are 5 main subgroups manipulating by a set of sequential actions: ERK(ERK1/ERK2), c-Jun N(JNK/SAPK), p38 MAPK($p38{\alpha}$, $p38{\beta}$, $p38{\gamma}$ and $p38{\delta}$), and ERK3/ERK4/ERK5. When stimulated, factors of upstream or downstream change, and by interacting with each other, these groups have long been recognized to be related to multiple biologic processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, death, migration, invasion and inflammation. However, once abnormally activated, cancer may occur. Several components of the MAPK network have already been proposed as targets in cancer therapy, such as p38, JNK, ERK, MEK, RAF, RAS, and DUSP1. Among them, alteration of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK(RAS-MAPK) pathway has frequently been reported in human cancer as a result of abnormal activation of receptor tyrosine kinases or gain-of-function mutations in genes. The reported roles of MAPK signaling in apoptotic cell death are controversial, so that further in-depth investigations are needed to address these controversies. Based on an extensive analysis of published data, the goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent studies about the mechanism of MAP kinases, and how it generates certain tumors, as well as related treatments.

Research on Large‑scale Photovoltaic Planning Based on Risk Assessment in Distribution Network

Lei Wang,Minyu Yuan,Fan Zhang,Xuli Wang,Jing Ma,Lei Dai,Xianjun Qi,Rui Bi 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

Risks caused by large amounts of distributed photovoltaic (PV) feeding into distribution networks, have an impact on PV planning, which has become a critical consideration for distribution networks’ operation. In this paper, a large-scale PV planning method is proposed which based on risk assessment in distribution networks. Cluster division is used to group large-scale distributed PVs. A risk assessment is performed on the distribution network, considering the correlation between PVs and loads. The efects of load fuctuations, PV quantity, capacity and location on the operational risk of the distribution network are analyzed and discussed. A large-scale PV planning model is established with the goal of maximizing the comprehensive benefts, considering the penalty cost of node voltage over-limit and branch power fow over-limit risk. Finally, the genetic algorithm is used to solve the planning model. The simulation results demonstrate the efectiveness of the proposed method.

Characterization and properties of ZrO2-forsterite composites from zircon and magnesite via reaction sintering

Lei Yuan 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.5

ZrO2-forsterite composites have been successfully prepared from zircon and magnesite powders utilizing reaction sinteringprocess at temperatures of 1350 oC, 1450 oC and 1550 oC. The weight stoichiometric ratio of calcined magnesite and zircon toform forsterite is 31.6 : 68.4, however, in order to study the effects of calcined magnesite on the sintering behavior andproperties of the composites, excessive amounts of calcined magnesite powder by 10%, 20% and 40% have also been addedin the starting materials respectively. XRD results show that the phase of zirconia in the sintered composites transforms frommonoclinic to cubic with increasing the amounts of calcined magnesite powder. SEM observations reveal that increasingsintering temperature is beneficial to the densification of ZrO2-forsterite composites. And increasing the excessive amount ofcalcined magnesite can result in an improvement of thermal shock resistance ability but the decrease of the cold crushingstrength in the ZrO2-forsterite composites.

Fabrication of self-reinforcement of porous mullite ceramic using NH4F as additive from kaolinite

Lei Yuan,Jingkun Yu,Rutao Ye,Shaowei Zhang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2013 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.14 No.4

Self-reinforcement of porous mullite ceramics containing needle-liked whiskers were fabricated from a powder mixture of kaolinite, Al(OH)3 and starch with NH4F as additive. The effects of the sintering temperature and the content of NH4F on porosity, phase composition, strength and microstructure of ceramics were investigated. The formation mechanism of needleliked mullite whiskers by in situ synthesis in ceramic body was discussed. The results indicated that lots of large aspect ratio needle-liked mullite whiskers, especially in the 15% NH4F additive sample, were observed. An interlocking structure was formed by needle-liked mullite whiskers to enhance the mechanical strength of porous mullite ceramic. And as the content of NH4F increasing, the bending strength increased. Comparing to the samples without NH4F additive, porous ceramic fabricated by adding NH4F showed a higher degree of mullitization. The formation mechanism of the needle-liked mullite in the ceramic was attributed to the reaction among NH4F and raw materials.

A New Neutral-point Voltage Balance Control Based on Virtual Space Vector Modulation for Three-Level NPC Converter

Yuan Lei,Qing Yi,Jiang Yun-hao,Xu An-fei 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.2

To address the neutral-point voltage imbalance problem of three-level NPC converters, a novel neutral-point voltage balance control algorithm based on virtual space vector is proposed. The method reoptimizes the partitioning and reduces the 6 small sectors in the conventional virtual space vector pulse width modulation algorithm to 5 small sectors, reducing the computational effort. Meanwhile, the regulation factor of neutral-point voltage is introduced, and the influence of virtual vector on the neutral-point voltage is used to fine-tune the size of the regulation factor, and the neutral-point voltage is controlled by a kind of hysteresis loop control for neutral-point voltage balancing. Simulation and experimental results show that the algorithm has a good neutral-point voltage balancing effect.

Novel and Effective Almagate Enema for Hemorrhagic Chronic Radiation Proctitis and Risk Factors for Fistula Development

Yuan, Zi-Xu,Ma, Teng-Hui,Zhong, Qing-Hua,Wang, Huai-Ming,Yu, Xi-Hu,Qin, Qi-Yuan,Chu, Li-Li,Wang, Lei,Wang, Jian-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.2

Radiation proctitis is a common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of novel almagate enemas in hemorrhagic chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) and evaluate risk factors related to rectal deep ulcer or fistula secondary to CRP. All patients underwent a colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of CRP and symptoms were graded. Typical endoscopic and pathological images, risk factors, and quality of life were also recorded. A total of 59 patients were enrolled. Gynecological cancers composed 93.1% of the primary malignancies. Complete or obvious reduction of bleeding was observed in 90% (53/59) patients after almagate enema. The mean score of bleeding improved from 2.17 to 0.83 (P<0.001) after the enemas. The mean response time was 12 days. No adverse effects were found. Moreover, long-term successful rate in controlling bleeding was 69% and the quality of life was dramatically improved (P=0.001). The efficacy was equivalent to rectal sucralfate, but the almagate with its antacid properties acted more rapidly than sucralfate. Furthermore, we firstly found that moderate to severe anemia was the risk factor of CRP patients who developed rectal deep ulcer or fistulas (P= 0.015). We also found abnormal hyaline-like thick wall vessels, which revealed endarteritis obliterans and the fibrosis underlying this disease. These findings indicate that almagate enema is a novel effective, rapid and well-tolerated method for hemorrhagic CRP. Moderate to severe anemia is a risk factor for deep ulceration or fistula.

Effect of solvents on the properties of co-precipitated MgO-ZrO2 nano powders

Lei Yuan,Dong Xiang,Jingkun Yu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2013 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.14 No.4

8 mol% MgO-ZrO2 nano-sized powders have been synthesized through the coprecipitation route using ammonia as precipitant. In order to investigate the agglomeration of the nano powders during synthesis, water, butyl alcohol, and a mixture of butyl alcohol and ethanol were utilized as the solvents to precipitate and wash. The characteristics of the different powders were estimated by FT-IR, TG-DSC, XRD and SEM. It has been demonstrated that uniformly dispersed and soft agglomerates containing MgO-ZrO2 nano-sized powders can be obtained when the butyl alcohol, especially the butyl alcohol and ethanol mixture are used. It has been found that the hydroxyl group on the particle surface is replaced by the alkoxy group to alleviate the hard agglomerate.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Associated with Viral Persistence and Downregulation of TCRζ Chain Expression on CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Qing-Lei Zeng,Bin Yang,Hong-Qi Sun,Guo-Hua Feng,Lei Jin,Zheng-Sheng Zou,Zheng Zhang,Ji-Yuan Zhang,Fu-Sheng Wang 한국분자세포생물학회 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.1

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in impairing the function of T cells. We characterized MDSCs in two chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cohorts: a cross-sectional group that included 61 treatment-naive patients with CHC, 14 rapid virologic response (RVR) cases and 22 early virologic response (EVR) cases; and a longitudinal group of 13 cases of RVR and 10 cases of EVR after pegylated-interferon-α/ribavirin treatment for genotype 1b HCV infection. Liver samples from 32 CHC patients and six healthy controls were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. MDSCs frequency in treatmentnaive CHC was significantly higher than in RVR, EVR, or healthy subjects and was positively correlated with HCV RNA. Patients infected with HCV genotype 2a had a significantly higher frequency of MDSCs than those infected with genotype 1b. Decreased T cell receptor (TCR) ζ expression on CD8+ T cells was significantly associated with an increased frequency of MDSCs in treatment-naive CHC patients and was restored by L-arginine treatment in vitro. Increased numbers of liver arginase-1+ cells were closely associated with the histological activity index in CHC. The TCR ζ chain was significantly downregulated on hepatic CD8+ T cells in CHC. During antiviral follow up, MDSCs frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was directly correlated with the HCV RNA load in the plasma and inversely correlated with TCR ζ chain expression in CD8+ T cells in both RVR and EVR cases. Notably, the RVR group had a higher frequency of MDSCs at baseline than the EVR group. Collectively, this study provides evidence that MDSCs might be associated with HCV persistence and downregulation of CD8 ζ chain expression.

Effect of Fluorescence Light on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merrill) during Germination

Ming Yuan,Xuejing Jia,ChunBang Ding,Haiqiong Zeng,Lei Du,Shu Yuan,Zhongwei Zhang,Qi Wu,Chao Hu,Jing Liu 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

Effects of light on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities during germination of soybean seeds were studied. Soybean seeds were germinated in the presence and absence of light. Chlorophylls and morphological characteristics of sprouts were evaluated daily. Antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity power methods. Morphological characteristics of light-grown sprouts were superior to dark-grown sprouts and the metabolism of phenolic compounds was regulated by light. Light treatment improved accumulation of phenolic compounds in soybean sprouts and increased antioxidant activities. The optimum harvest time of light-grown sprouts was on the seventh day when sprouts achieved the best nutraceutical value. Green sprouts can serve as a good vegetable source for the human diet.

吴昌硕篆书创作小考

刘磊磊(Lei-Lei Liu),袁暁鹏(Xiao-Peng Yuan) 한국서예학회 2023 서예학연구 Vol.42 No.-

오창석(吴昌硕)의 전서는 필법, 구성, 장법, 묵법, 필법 등의 기법이 선인과 판이하게 다른데, 전서의 새로운 모습을 만들어내는 데 성공하여 큰 성과를 거둔 배경에는 여러 가지 이유가 있을 것이다. 우선 비파(碑派)서법의 서학사상을 흡수하여 금석(金石)을 취하고 고풍스럽고 웅장한 예술양식을 추앙하였다. 둘째, 등석여(邓石如), 양기손(杨沂孙) 등의 명가를 충분히 학습하는 기초 위에서 ≪석고문(石鼓文)≫을 주요 법으로 삼는 동시에 다양한 서체를 참고하여 여러 예술을 융합하고 자신의 예술 실천을 지속적으로 풍부하게 한다. 특히, 개인 특색 있는 필기구를 사용하여 개인 스타일을 지속적으로 강화합니다. 수십 년의 노력을 통해 마침내 ‘이리(二李)’ 전서 외에 다른 필법을 개척하고 전서 예술의 또 다른 정점을 창조하여 후대의 서예 예술 발전에 심대한 영향을 미쳤습니다. Wu Changshuo's seal book is very different from its predecessors in the use of pen, structure, sealing, ink, writing rhythm and other techniques, successfully shaping the new face of seal writing, and achieving great achievements, the reasons behind it should be many, first of all, he absorbed the calligraphy ideas of the stele calligraphy, took the golden stone, and advocated the simple and strong artistic style. Secondly, on the basis of fully learning from famous artists such as Deng Shiru(邓石如) and Yang Yisun(杨沂孙), he took “Shiguwen”(石鼓文) as the main object, and at the same time drew on a variety of book styles, integrated multiple arts, and constantly enriched his artistic practice. Third, use a very personal writing instrument to constantly strengthen your personal style. Through decades of hard work, it finally opened up another way outside the “Er Li” seal book, creating another peak of seal book art, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. 吴昌硕的篆书在用笔、结构、章法、墨法、书写节奏等技法上都迥异于前人,成功地塑造了篆书的新面貌,取得了巨大的成就,其背后的原因应该是多方面的,首先,他吸收了碑派书法的书学思想,取法金石,推崇古朴雄强的艺术风格。其次,在充分学习邓石如、杨沂孙等名家的基础上,以≪石鼓文≫为主要取法对象,同时借鉴多种书体,融合多门艺术,不断丰富自己的艺术实践。再次,采用极具个人特色的书写工具,不断强化个人风格。通过几十年的努力,最终于“二李”篆书之外另辟蹊径,创造了篆书艺术的又一座高峰,对后世书法艺术的发展产生了深远的影响。