Cellulose-based Nanocrystals: Sources and Applications via Agricultural Byproducts

Seo, Yu-Ri,Kim, Jin-Woo,Hoon, Seonwoo,Kim, Jangho,Chung, Jong Hoon,Lim, Ki-Taek Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.1

Purpose: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are natural polymers that have been promoted as a next generation of new, sustainable materials. CNCs are invaluable as reinforcing materials for composites because they can impart improved mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties and they are biodegradable. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers with information that can assist in the application of CNCs extracted from waste agricultural byproducts (e.g. rice husks, corncobs, pineapple leaves). Methods & Results: This paper presents the unique characteristics of CNCs based on agricultural byproducts, and lists processing methods for manufacturing CNCs from agricultural byproducts. Various mechanical treatments (microfluidization and homogenization) and chemical treatments (alkali treatment, bleaching and hydrolysis) can be performed in order to generate nanocellulose. CNC-based composite properties and various applications are also discussed. Conclusions: CNC-based composites from agricultural byproducts can be combined to meet end-use applications such as sensors, batteries, films, food packaging, and 3D printing by utilizing their properties. The review discusses applications in food engineering, biological engineering, and cellulose-based hydrogels.

In Vitro Effect of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) Particle on Cellular Immune-Enhancing Function

( Yu-ri Seo ),( Ki-taek Lim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

β-glucan is a macromolecular substance in which the glucose unit, which is a type of biopolymer, has a β-glycosidic bond at position 1.3. β-glucan, which is present in mushrooms, was known as a natural immunomodulator without tolerance by enhancing immunity. It has also been reported to have anticancer and antioxidant efficacy. β-glucan slightly differs in the structure and physical properties of glucose. Especially Grifola frondosa has a structure of β- (1, 3) and β- (1,6) bonds and is different from structure of other medicinal mushrooms. The content of β-glucan also varies depending on the particle size. However, the content of β-glucan and immunological activity by particle size of Grifola frondosa has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, β-glucan contents were analyzed according to particle size of leaf mushroom. Thereafter, cell activation and immunoactivity were measured. The highest β-glucan content was observed at particle sizes of 20-30 μm (27.65 ± 0.30 w / w). All samples showed at least 104% cell activation compared to control and showed the best cell activity at 20-30 μm particle size (120.6%). Finally, particle sizes of 20-30 μm further increased the expression of the cytokine over control. This study suggested that the optimal particle size of Grifola frondosa could be used as a health supplement foods and food additive such as immune boosters, hypotensive agent and hypoglycemic agent.

Association between Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome Determined by Facial Flushing in Korean Women

Yu Ri Seo,Jong Sung Kim,Sung Soo Kim,Jin Gyu Jung,Seok-Jun Yoon 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.1

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean women as determined by facial flushing. Methods: Of the female patients aged <65 years who visited the health promotion center at Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2016 to March 2017, 1,344 women were included. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, smoking, exercise, and menopausal status, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the facial flushing and non-facial flushing groups compared with the non-drinkers. Results: Even after adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of metabolic syndrome was significantly high in all drinking subgroups (≤2 standard drinks: odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.68; 2<, ≤4 standard drinks: OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.29–4.74; and >4 standard drinks: OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 2.03–8.30) of the facial flushing group. The risk of metabolic syndrome was significantly high only in the subgroup of weekly alcohol consumption >4 standard drinks (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.07–4.52) in the non-facial flushing group. Conclusion: This study suggests that Korean women experiencing facial flushing when drinking have a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome even with a low weekly drinking amount than those who do not experience face flushing.

The Effect of Low Glucose Conditions on the Biological Phenotypes and Gene Expressions in Human Malignant Mesothelial Cell Lines

Yu Ri Seo,Myung Chul Kim,Na Yon Kim,Yong baek Kim 대한수의학회 2015 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.-

Development of a Simple Tool for Identifying Alcohol Use Disorder in Female Korean Drinkers from Previous Questionnaires

Yu Ri Seo,김종성,Sung Soo Kim,Seok-Joon Yoon,서원윤,Kwangmi Youn 대한가정의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.37 No.1

Background: This study aimed to develop a simple tool for identifying alcohol use disorders in female Korean drinkers from previous questionnaires. Methods: This research was conducted on 400 women who consumed at least one alcoholic drink during the past month and visited the health promotion center at Chungnam National University Hospital between June 2013 to May 2014. Drinking habits and alcohol use disorders were assessed by structured interviews using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition diagnostic criteria. The subjects were also asked to answer the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), AUDIT-Consumption, CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener), TWEAK (Tolerance, Worried, Eye-opener, Amnesia, Kut down), TACE (Tolerance, Annoyed, Cut down, Eye-opener), and NET (Normal drinker, Eye-opener, Tolerance) questionnaires. The area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of each question of the questionnaires on alcohol use disorders was assessed. After combining two questions with the largest AUROC, it was compared to other previous questionnaires. Results: Among the 400 subjects, 58 (14.5%) were identified as having an alcohol use disorder. Two questions with the largest AUROC were question no. 7 in AUDIT, “How often during the last year have you had a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking?” and question no. 5 in AUDIT, “How often during the past year have you failed to do what was normally expected from you because of drinking?” with an AUROC (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.886 (0.850–0.915) and 0.862 (0.824–0.894), respectively. The AUROC (95% CI) of the combination of the two questions was 0.958 (0.934–0.976) with no significant difference as compared to the existing AUDIT with the largest AUROC. Conclusion: The above results suggest that the simple tool consisting of questions no. 5 and no. 7 in AUDIT is useful in identifying alcohol use disorders in Korean female drinkers.

Effect of Sleep-Promotion in a Mixture of Rice bran and Neungee Mushroom (Sarcodon aspratus)

( Yu-ri Seo ),( Ki-taek Lim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

GABA, a neurotransmitter that has a profound effect on sleep, is contained in large amounts in rice bran. GABA has been reported to have a nervous stabilizing effect such as stress-reduction and antidepressant. Sarcodon aspratus is widely known for its preventive and therapeutic properties. β-glucan, a useful component of the mushroom, has been reported to reduce tiredness and improve mental problems by controlling the weakened immune system. Our study was aimed to investigate the optimal ingredients via the mixture ratio of rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus. Also, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of extracts for a sleep-inductive compound. The mixture ratio condition of rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus was respectively 7:3, 5:5 and 3:7. GABA was analyzed by colorimetric method and β-glucan was analyzed by β-glucan kit. Thereafter, the absorbance was measured to evaluate toxicity by WST-1 array. Melatonin and serotonin, sleep-related hormones, were measured to evaluate sleep-inductive effect in mice. The contents of β-glucan and GABA were highest at the mixture ratio of 7:3 in the rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus. Both serotonin and melatonin values were 1.3 times higher in the 7:3 extracts than in the control. Finally, all samples showed at least 105% cell activation compared to control. As a result, the optimum ratio of β-glucan is 7:3 at rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus. This study suggested that the optimal mixture ratio of rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus could be used as a health supplement foods and medicines to improve the sleep disorder.

Development and Evaluation of Sleep-promoting Material Extracted from Rice Bran and Sarcodon aspratus

( Yu-ri Seo ),( Hye-been Kim ),( Ki-taek Lim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

Sleep, one of the important physiological functions of the human body, is essential for maintaining the basic functions of humans and is the process of restoring brain or body damage. GABA), a neurotransmitter that has a profound effect on sleep, is contained in large amounts in rice bran. GABA has been reported to have a nervous stabilizing effect such as stress-reduction and antidepressant. Likewise, Sarcodon aspratus is widely known for its preventive and therapeutic properties. In particular, β-glucan, a useful component of the mushroom, has been reported to reduce tiredness and improve mental problems by controlling the weakened immune system. Our study was aimed to investigate the optimal ingredients via the mixture ratio of Rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus for developing and evaluating sleep-promoting material. First, the mixture ratio condition of rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus was respectively 7:3, 5:5, 3:7. The raw materials were fabricated using hot water extraction method. Melatonin and serotonin, Sleep-related hormones, were measured to find out the sleep-promoting effects in mice. The contents of β-glucan were highest at the mixture ratio of 7:3 in the rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus (1.73% w / w). In addition, the contents of GABA were highest at 7:3 (0.05 % w / w). Both serotonin and melatonin values were 1.3 times higher in the 7:3 (rice bran : Sarcodon aspratus) extracts than in the control. As a result, the optimum ratio of beta-glucan is 7:3 at rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus. This study suggested that the optimal mixture ratio of rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus could be used as a health supplement foods and medicines to improve the sleep disorder such as insomnia. However, additional tests such as gene analysis and electrocephagram (EEG) were needed to verify the correct efficacy as a natural sleep inducer.

Cellulose-based Nanocrystals: Sources and Applications via Agricultural Byproducts

( Yu-ri Seo ),( Jin-woo Kim ),( Seonwoo Hoon ),( Jangho Kim ),( Jong Hoon Chung ),( Ki-taek Lim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.1

Purpose: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are natural polymers that have been promoted as a next generation of new, sustainable materials. CNCs are invaluable as reinforcing materials for composites because they can impart improved mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties and they are biodegradable. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers with information that can assist in the application of CNCs extracted from waste agricultural byproducts (e.g. rice husks, corncobs, pineapple leaves). Methods & Results: This paper presents the unique characteristics of CNCs based on agricultural byproducts, and lists processing methods for manufacturing CNCs from agricultural byproducts. Various mechanical treatments (microfluidization and homogenization) and chemical treatments (alkali treatment, bleaching and hydrolysis) can be performed in order to generate nanocellulose. CNC-based composite properties and various applications are also discussed. Conclusions: CNC-based composites from agricultural byproducts can be combined to meet end-use applications such as sensors, batteries, films, food packaging, and 3D printing by utilizing their properties. The review discusses applications in food engineering, biological engineering, and cellulose-based hydrogels.

Quality Characteristics of Soy Sauce for Marinated Abalone Using Sea Tangle Extract and Coriander

Yu Ri Choe,Yu Jin Son,Na Kyeong,So Ra Jin,Gyeon Jin Juong,Seo Lim Hwang,Man-Kwon Baek,Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir,Jae-Suk Choi,Jae Hak Sohn 한국수산해양기술학회(구 한국어업기술학회) 2017 한국수산해양기술학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2017 No.11

Beta glucan: Heath benefits of optimal ingredients via the mixture ratio of rice bran and Sarcodon aspratus

( Yu-ri Seo ),( Hye-been Kim ),( Kyu-min Cheong ),( Ki-taek Lim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

Beta-glucan is a polymerized polysaccharide on beta-1,3 chemical bonds. It has the main pharmacological action of various anticancer mushrooms and is colorless and odorless. In addition, it enhances phagocytosis of macrophages against mycobacterium tuberculosism and increases resistance of host against food poisoning bacteria. Owing to these advantages, beta-glucan was used in various health supplement foods such as immune boosters, hypotensive agent and hypoglycemic agent. Our study was aimed to investigate the effective components of beta-glucan, which was optimized via the contents of Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran. First, the mixture ratio condition of Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran were respectively 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10. The raw materials were fabricated using hot water extraction method. Distilled water of 100 mL was added to the raw material and extracted. After the extraction processed, the content of effective components was analyzed. The absorbance of beta-glucan was measured using a beta-glucan kit (Megazyme, (1-3) (1-4) BETA-D-GLUCAN ASSAY KIT). The absorbance analysis was repeated three times for accurate analysis. After the extracts were lyophilized, the yields of extracted raw materials according to the mixture ratio conditions of Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10) were respectively 33.1%, 34.5%, 35.3%, 30.7%, and 24.3%. The absorbance was 1.52, 1.47, 1.50, 1.79, and 1.56, respectively. As a result, the optimum ratio of beta-glucan is 3:7 at Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran. This study suggested that the optimal amount of beta-glucan could be used as a health supplement foods and food additive such as immune boosters, hypotensive agent and hypoglycemic agent. However, the new condition (temperature, time) of hot water extraction to maximize the content of beta-glucan could be considered, could be necessary to compare with the existing extracts.