저수준 문자 영상의 인식에 관한 연구

공용해,김명숙,최인석 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 1999 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.5 No.2

Low quality character images include a lot of variousness and noises, so the use of a single classifier is difficult to achieve a high recognition performance. For this, we experimented various feature extraction methods suitable for low quality images and constructed a classifier-pair that uses two complementary features. The experimental result using this classifier-pair was very effective for the recognition of low quality character images.

문법교육론

공영일 慶熙大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

언어의 사용을 위해서는 학교문법에서 문형 및 문법사항이라 부르는 것의 이해와 운용능력의 습득이 필수적인 조건이다. 오늘날 각급 학교에서의 영어교육의 일반목표가 듣기 말하기 읽기 쓰기의 넷 기능 분야에 걸친 영어의 사용능력을 발전시키는 데 있다는 것을 생각할 때 문법교육이 언어교육에 있어 가장 중요한 자리를 차지해야 한다는 데에 대해서는 제언을 필요치 않을줄 안다. 학교 영어교육에 있어서의 문법교육이란 교재 속에 포함되어 주어지는 문형과 문법사항 등의 문법항목들을 실제 영어 사용 상황에서 사용될 수 있는 활용성 있는 운용 및 이해능력으로 전환시키는 과정이며^1) 따라서 문법교육 연구의 주요 관심사는 어떻게 하면 학생들의 학습노력을 가장 효과적으로 이러한 목적을 위해 유도할 것인가 하는 것이다. 이렇듯 문법교육의 중요성이나 성격은 뚜렷하게 인식되어 있으면서도 문법교육을 위해 사용할 문법재료의 선정이나 교육의 방법에 대해서는 영어 교육 관계자들 간에 의견의 일치 주석 1) Alasdair Macintyre, "Noam Chomsky's View of Language." Readings in Applied Trans-formational Grammar, ed. Mark Lester (New York, 1970), p. 101. Teaching grammar has been one of the most controversial issues of TESOL methodology and has been a prime source of motivation for the development of new teaching methods since the turn of this century. The current controversies on the teaching of grammar are characterized by their linguistic orientation and center mainly on whether grammar should be taught by the behavioral approach of pattern practice and memorization or by the rationalist approach of explaining the grammatical phenomenon. The tenets of the habit formation theory are being challenged by those who subscribe to the cognitive-centered views of language implicit in transformational generative grammar. Although both schools claim that their approach better solves the problems involved in teaching grammar, the current controversies failed to prove convincing because they are basically theoretical extension of linguistics and the factors that the teacher must confront in the classroom. are largely ignored, It is argued in this paper that the role of linguistics in TESOL methodology should to re-evaluated and the traditional assumption that linguistics completely determines TESOL methodology from the selection and ordering of the materials to the method of their presentation is not warranted, To support the argument advanced here, the nature of linguistic theory in general is considered in terms of its goals and underlying assumptions, and its contended and possible contributions to language teaching are examined. This examination reveals that linguistic science is not interested in the problems of foreign language learning, nor has it achieved theoretical understanding com-prehensive and powerful enough to dictate methodological details of the TESOL classroom. The present status of the research on TESOL methodology demands that the linguistics-oriented approach be supplanted by a classroom-oriented empirical research. Linguistic insights and implications are to be drawn with the constant realization of how fragile and tentative are the principles of linguistics. Classroom experience should play an important role for the selective application of theoretical implications to the classroom setting, and the resultant proposals for the refinement of the textbook and methodology should be tested in the classroom for ultimate justification. As a first step for the classroom-oriented research, the development of a new 'school grammar' is proposed. The proposed school grammar is a pedagogical gram-mar which combines classroom experience with the new insights and understanding of linguistics theories on the English grammatical structure. It will furnish the inventory of language materials to he used as a basis for the construction of the textbook and will serve as a source of reference to the teacher for the correct interpretation of the textbook materials. An attempt is made to characterize the nature and form of this grammar and to delineate its possible contribution to the improvement of teaching grammar.

제지폐수의 공정별 오염물 발생 및 처리에 관한 연구

공성호,김용수,이성호 漢陽大學校 環境工學硏究所 1998 環境科學論文集 Vol.19 No.-

생산지종의 특성에 따라 주원료, 부원료 및 사용량이 다르기 때문에 배출되는 폐수의 성상도 변하게 되므로 제지폐수를 운영하는데 여러 가지 문제점을 발생시키고 있다. 따라서 적정 약품 처리를 통해서 처리효율을 상승시키고자 한다. 그결과 1차 처리수 COD는 5%, 방류수 COD는 41.4%의 처리 효율 상승을 얻었으며 1차 처리수 SS는 8.1%, 방류수 SS는 51.9%의 처리 효율이 상승하였다. 또한 배출되는 폐수의 성상에 따른 적정한 처리방법의 적용으로 효율상승 및 원가절감의 효과도 얻을 수 있었다. The nature of wastewater generated from paper manufacturing process can vary significantly. Since difficult material can be used for producing various paper products. Variety in characteristic of wastewater is a major problem for treating wastewater produced in paper manufacturing process. In this study various chemical treatments were explored to enhance wastewater efficiency. Treatment efficiency for effluent COD and SS were increased by 41.1% and 51.9%, respectively. Enhancement in treatment efficiencies also introduced reducing operating costs of wastewater treatment.

저분자량 유기산을 이용한 Cu오염토양 복원에 관한 연구

공성호,유혜영,김용수,강순기 한양대학교 환경공학연구소 2000 環境科學論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Cu로 오염된 토양을 처리하기위해 중성 pH의 Citric acid와 Oxalic acid를 사용하여 농도와 유속의 변화두어서 실험실규모의 column test를 수행하였다. 안정화 상수가 높은 Citric acid (k=5.90)가 Oxalic acid (k=4.84)보다 높은 제거율을 보였다. 두 가지 유기산 모두 pH 4.5에 비해 pH 6에서 높은 제거율을 보였고 1mM에서 제거율은 상당히 낮았으며 10mM과 50mM은 처리 속도에 차이가 있었지만 최종제거율은 80.2%, 89.5%로 큰 차이가 없었다. 유속을 최저 7.34×10-3cm/min, 최고 7.34×10-2cm/min로 변화를 두었지만 10mM과 50mM의 경우 큰 차이가 없었다. column을 통과한 용액의 speciation을 GEOCHEM을 통해 예측해본 결과 10mM과 50mM의 유기산을 사용했을 경우 대부분의 Cu가 유기산과 복합체를 형성하고 있었으며, 유기산은 주로 free ion과 H+와 결합된 형태로 존재하고 있었다. Citric acid and Oxalic acid that have well known to form soluble complexes with Cu at near neutral pH of 5 to 7 as extracting agents. Lab scale column test was performed for optimizing operating parameter, changing pH, concentration and flow rate of organic acids. Citric Acid (k=5.90) which has high stability constant with Cu was higher removal efficiency than Oxalic Acid's (k=4.84). Both of two organic acids, removal efficiencies at pH 6 were higher than at pH 4.5. Concentration of 1mM organic acids did not provide effective removal efficiencies, but the removal efficiencies of 10mM and 50mM were significant high level. 10mM and 50mM were a little difference in removal rate but little difference in final efficiencies, respectively maximum 80.2%, 89.5%. Although we have performed column test, changing flow rate minimum 7.34×10-3cm/min to maximum 7.34×10-2cm/min, the removal efficiencies were little difference at 10mM and 50mM. Speciations of solution that passed through contaminated soil column were estimated by GEOCHEM simulation. For 10mM and 50mM organic acids, most of extracted copper existed as complexed forms with organic acids, and organic acids mostly existed as free ions and H-organic complex form.

水溶液에서 活性炭에 依한 페놀吸着特性에 관한 硏究

孔庸範,鄭在灌 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.2

Adsorption on activated carbon on the basis of an effective and widely used process for removing phenol from municipal and industrial wastewaters has been studied. Although many adsorption studies have been reported concerning the removal of phenol from aqueous solution, there remains much to be solved. The liquid-solid reaction encountered in this study is usually complicated by the presence of resistances as a result of film diffusion across the external solid surface and particle diffusion through the pores of solid, it became necessary to establish the operating conditions that minimized the influences of film and particle diffusions. This study was an attempt to eliminate these diffusional effects and to determine the rates of removal of phenol by differential bed reactor approach. The results were as follows: 1) Under the conditions of flow rate of 214.29㎤/min, of average particle diameter of 0.385mm, and of reactor I.D. of 34mm, the diffusional resistances were minimized and the initial rate of phenol removal was maximized. 2) The reaction kinetics study in this experiment shows that r = 0.0938 C_e^(0.75) - 0.0269q_e^(0.69) 3) The equilibrium adsorption studies support the existence of the empirical Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir isotherm could be expressed as follows: C_s/q = 1/(0.12)(103.45) = (1/103.45)C_s 4) The effect of pH on the removal of phenol was increased slightly at acidic range.

참외의 PCR 최적 조건 구명

공현정,김용철,최인수 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to identify the optimized PCR condition in cucumis melo. Factorial experiments for template DNA concentration, MgCl2 concentration, amount of taq polymerase, and reaction temperature(denature, annealing, extension) were conducted. The best template DNA concentration was 40ng(0.5unit taq polymerase and 4.5mM MgCl2, and 1unit taq polymerase and 2.5mM MgCl2), 60ng(0.5unit taq polymerase and 2.5mM MgCl2, 0.5unit taq polymerase and 4.5mM MgCl2, 1unit taq polymerase and 2.5mM MgCl2, 1unit taq polymerase and 4.5mM MgCl2, and 1unit taq polymerase and 7.0mM MgCl2). The best MgCl2 concentration was 2.5mM(40ng template DNA and 1unit taq polymerase, 60ng template DNA and 0.5unit taq polymerase, and 60ng template DNA and 1unit taq polymerase)와 4.5mM(40ng template DNA and 0.5unit taq polymerase, 60ng template DNA and 0.5unit taq polymerase, and 60ng template DNA and 1unit taq polymerase), and 7.0mM(60ng template DNA and 1unit taq polymerase). The best amount of taq polymerase was 0.5unit(40ng template DNA and 4.5mM MgCl2, 60ng template DNA and 2.5mM MgCl2, and 60ng template DNA and 4.5mM MgCl2) and 1unit(40ng template DNA and 2.5mM MgCl2, 40ng template DNA and 4.5mM MgCl2, 40ng template DNA and 7.0mM MgCl2, 60ng template DNA and 2.5mM MgCl2, 60ng template DNA and 4.5mM MgCl2, and 60ng template DNA and 7.0mM MgCl2). When we consider results from template DNA concentration, MgCl2 concentration, and amount of taq polymerase, 6 conditions(60ng template DNA, 7.0mM MgCl2, 1unit taq polymerase; 60ng template DNA, 4.5mM MgCl2, 1unit taq polymerase; 60ng template DNA, 2.5mM MgCl2, 1unit taq polymerase; 60ng template DNA, 4.5mM MgCl2, 0.5unit taq polymerase; 60ng template DNA, 2.5mM MgCl2, 0.5unit taq polymerase; and 40ng template DNA, 2.5mM MgCl2, 1unit taq polymerase) were best combinations for the optimal PCR condition. Reaction temperatures for the optimal PCR condition were 90℃, 40℃, 72℃ and 92℃, 36℃, 72℃.

儒敎 倫理思想 形成의 淵源에 關한 硏究

공영립 安東大學附設 安東文化硏究所 1982 安東文化 Vol.3 No.-

The primitive communal society in the old Chinese was formalized as the public orderly mind dotted with both affectionate consciousness derived from the consang-uineous unity and the united defensing systems from the external enemies for the purpose of solving the food and clothing problems. These affectionate and orderly mind was served merchants in Eun dynasty with the usual practices, and they could orderly administrate the society and nation with a drastically religious belief to no admission of impunities. However, the more human wisdom and selfish mind had developed, the more society and nation had been disordered through suspicion of the Almighty. The King Min of Chu dynasty, the soverign of a subject state to Un had undergone some adversities (= hardships) as his soverign state Un was destroyed, and this was brought home the anxious mind. From media of such anxious mind, the thought of "morality" to be awaken was formalized. The morality is involved in the affectionate consciousness and the courtesy (ethiquette) as a normative law provided that all men are equal and all men alive equally. Since Kings in the late period of Western Chu had not experienced any hardships as well as any cultivation for the inner morality, the so-called morality as an external normative law had lapsed into an empty customs. Thus the Confucian ages were become Chaotic. In the light of the circumstances, Confucius has exposed humanity of awaking man and also given prominence to Loyalty and Sincerity based on the humanity.

다종재료용 RP 시스템을 위한 3D 슬라이서 구현

공용해,엄태준,방재철,김기석 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2001 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

We developed an algorithm that effectively extracts slicing points from STL 3D models for a new RP system which can fabricate various materials. Since an STL file has a simple data structure and contains much embiguity, we considered all the cases between facet positions and slicing planes for effective slice extraction from the STL file, and reduced the overall processing time. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed slicing method was tested by many STL 3D samples.

분산 재고 관리 시스템 개발

공용해,오동익,김성택 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2001 반도체장비학술심포지움 Vol.2001 No.-

㈜한길은 콘크리트 2차를 가공하는 있는 중소기업이다.이 업체는 현재 재고, 생산, 출고, 매출 관리 등 업무의 전산화가 전혀 이루어져 있지 않기 때문에 업체의 특성상 항상 제품이 적절량을 보유하여야 하는 사항에 있어서는 업무가 비효율적으로 이루어지고 있다.뿐만 아니라 재고, 생산, 출고 관리가 동일한 장소에서만 이루어지는 것이 아니라 지역적으로 분리된 곳에서 이루어지고 있어 정보관리와 공유에 있어서 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다.이에 본 연구에서는 이 업체의 특성에 맞는 효율적인 분산 재고 관리 프로그램의 개발과 지역적으로 분리되어 있는 곳을 근거리 네트워크와 전화접속 네트워크를 혼합한 하이브리드 형태로 구축하여 경제적으로 최적인 재고 관리 시스템을 제공하고, 업체의 생산성 및 경쟁력 향상을 도모하고자 한다.

두양금속 주식회사의 효율적인 정보관리 데이터베이스 시스템의 구축

공용해,박두순,안종근,정재헌 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2000 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2000 No.1

기업의 효율적인 데이터베이스시스템 구축은 정보화 사회에서 반드시 필요한 사안으로 이를 통해 자료연계, 최신 정보의 입수 등 기존의 회사 생존 전략을 벗어난 세계화와 정보화를 유지할 수 있다. 이를 위하여 중소 업체에서는 한 번에 많은 투자를 해야되는 종합 정보화시스템의 도입보다는 생산 관리, 인사 관리, 회계 관리 등 각각에 대해 프로그램들을 개발하여 사용하고 있으나, 서로 각각 개발된 프로그램들은 그 활용도나 연관성 면에서 유용성이 떨어지게 마련이다. 따라서 이들 시스템간에 서로 자료를 교환하고, 의사결정을 위한 정보를 효과적으로 제시해 주는 종합 정보관리 시스템을 구축하여야 하는데, 이를 위하여 기존에 개발된 영업관리, 생산 관리, 인사 관리, 회계 관리 등의 프로그램들을 통합하는 것이 새로운 시스템을 개발하는 것보다 경제적, 기능적 측면에서 매우 유리하다 할 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 두양금속 주식회사의 기존에 사용중인 영업관리, 생산 관리, 인사 관리, 회계 관리 시스템의 통합을 목표로 하여, 이미 구축된 시스템을 분석하고 연계하여 효율적인 정보 관리 시스템을 구축하고 있다.