Quechua Language Revitalization Policies and Planning in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador

Tuba Yilmaz(Tuba Yilmaz ) 전남대학교 교육문제연구소 2023 New Horizons of Educational Research Vol.3 No.1

The Quechua language, spoken by indigenous Quechuans, faced endangerment due to the widespread use of Spanish. This paper explored the language revitalization policies for Quechua language in South American countries, particularly Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. The paper began by presenting a concise overview of Quechua and the Quechuan community, elucidating the factors contributing to Quechua's endangered status and the prevalence of Spanish monolingualism. Subsequently, it delved into an exploration of language revitalization policies and challenges within each country, framed by corpus planning, status planning, acquisition planning, and prestige planning. The paper concluded with a discussion on the outcomes of Quechua revitalization efforts. This paper offered valuable insights for countries adopting a 'language as a resource approach,' and particularly those endeavoring to implement additive policies for their extinct, endangered, or threatened languages.

Brain invasion of bovine coronavirus: Molecular analysis of bovine coronavirus infection in calves with severe pneumonia and neurological signs

Semaha Gul Yilmaz,Ozge Aydin,Hasan Emre Tali,Gizem Karadag,Kivilcim Sonmez,Erhan Bayraktar,Aysun Yilmaz,Nuri Turan,Zihni Mutlu,Munir Iqbal,Jurgen A. Richt,Huseyin Yilmaz 대한수의학회 2024 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.25 No.4

Importance: Although the role of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in calf diarrhea and respiratorydisorders is well documented, its contribution to neurological diseases is unclear. Objective: This study conducted virological investigations of calves showing diarrhea andrespiratory and neurological signs. Methods: An outbreak of diarrhea, respiratory, and neurological disorders occurred amongthe 12 calves in July 2022 in Istanbul, Türkiye. Two of these calves exhibited neurological signs and died a few days after the appearance of symptoms. One of these calves was necropsied and analyzed using molecular and histopathological tests. Results: BCoV RNA was detected in the brain, lung, spleen, liver, and intestine of the calfthat had neurological signs by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunostaining was also observed in the intestine and brain. A 622 bp S1 gene product was noted on gel electrophoresis only in the brain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BCoV detected in this study had a high proximity to the BCoV strain GIb with 99.19% nucleotide sequence homology to the strains detected in Poland, Israel, Türkiye, and France. No distinct genetic lineages were observed when the brain isolate was compared with the respiratory and enteric strains reported to GenBank. In addition, the highest identity (98,72%) was obtained with the HECV 4408 and L07748 strains of human coronaviruses. Conclusions and Relevance: The strain detected in a calf brain belongs to the GIb-Europeanlineage and shares high sequence homology with BCoV strains detected in Europe andIsrael. In addition, the similarity between the human coronaviruses (4408 and L07748) raisesquestions about the zoonotic potential of the strains detected in this study.

Radical Oncological Surgery and Adjuvan Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients over 70 years of Age

Demirci, Nilgun Yilmaz,Ulger, Sukran,Yilmaz, Ulku,Aydogdu, Koray,Yilmaz, Aydin,Erdogan, Yurdanur Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.11

Background: The incidence of lung cancer increases with age. Approximately 50% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are over 70 years old. Because of the increasing elderly population, treatment approaches in this age group continue to be studied similar to groups of young people. Materials and Methods: In the current study, 26 patients who underwent radical surgery and adjuvan chemoradiation at Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of 21 patients (81%) were male and the average age was 74.4. Lobectomy was performed in 18 cases, pneumonectomy in 3, sleeve lobectomy in 3 and bilobectomy in 2. There was no perioperative or early period mortality. Overall survival was 24.5 months. Conclusions: From our study, lung cancer surgery and adjuvant therapy can be performed safely with low morbidity in the elderly.

Brain invasion of bovine coronavirus: molecular analysis of bovine coronavirus infection in calves with severe pneumonia and neurological signs

Semaha Gul Yilmaz,Ozge Aydin,Hasan Emre Tali,Gizem Karadag,Kivilcim Sonmez,Erhan Bayraktar,Aysun Yilmaz,Nuri Turan,Zihni Mutlu,Munir Iqbal,Jurgen A. Richt,Huseyin Yilmaz The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2024 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.25 No.1

Importance: Although the role of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in calf diarrhea and respiratory disorders is well documented, its contribution to neurological diseases is unclear. Objective: This study conducted virological investigations of calves showing diarrhea and respiratory and neurological signs. Methods: An outbreak of diarrhea, respiratory, and neurological disorders occurred among the 12 calves in July 2022 in Istanbul, Türkiye. Two of these calves exhibited neurological signs and died a few days after the appearance of symptoms. One of these calves was necropsied and analyzed using molecular and histopathological tests. Results: BCoV RNA was detected in the brain, lung, spleen, liver, and intestine of the calf that had neurological signs by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunostaining was also observed in the intestine and brain. A 622 bp S1 gene product was noted on gel electrophoresis only in the brain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BCoV detected in this study had a high proximity to the BCoV strain GIb with 99.19% nucleotide sequence homology to the strains detected in Poland, Israel, Türkiye, and France. No distinct genetic lineages were observed when the brain isolate was compared with the respiratory and enteric strains reported to GenBank. In addition, the highest identity (98,72%) was obtained with the HECV 4408 and L07748 strains of human coronaviruses. Conclusions and Relevance: The strain detected in a calf brain belongs to the GIb-European lineage and shares high sequence homology with BCoV strains detected in Europe and Israel. In addition, the similarity between the human coronaviruses (4408 and L07748) raises questions about the zoonotic potential of the strains detected in this study.

Towards a better understanding of detection properties of different types of plastic scintillator crystals using physical detector and MCNPX code

Yilmaz Ayberk,Alan Hatice Yilmaz,Susam Lidya Amon,Akkus Baki,ALMisned Ghada,Ilhan Taha Batuhan,Tekin H.O. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.12

The purpose of this comprehensive research is to observe the impact of scintillator crystal type on entire detection process. For this aim, MCNPX (version 2.6.0) is used for designing of a physical plastic scintillation detector available in our laboratory. The modelled detector structure is validated using previous studies in the literature. Next, different types of plastic scintillation crystals were assessed in the same geometry. Several fundamental detector properties are determined for six different plastic scintillation crystals. Additionally, the deposited energy quantities were computed using the MCNPX code. Although six scintillation crystals have comparable compositions, the findings clearly indicate that the crystal composed of PVT 80% þ PPO 20% has superior counting and detecting characteristics when compared to the other crystals investigated. Moreover, it is observed that the highest deposited energy amount, which is a result of the highest collision number in the crystal volume, corresponds to a PVT 80% þ PPO 20% crystal. Despite the fact that plastic detector crystals have similar chemical structures, this study found that performing advanced Monte Carlo simulations on the detection discrepancies within the structures can aid in the development of the most effective spectroscopy procedures by ensuring maximum efficiency prior to and during use.

The effects of berberine on ischemia-reperfusion injuries in an experimental model of ovarian torsion

Filiz Yilmaz,Orkun Ilgen,Alper Mankan,Bayram Yilmaz,Sefa Kurt The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2023 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.50 No.4

Objective: Ovarian torsion is a gynecological disorder that causes ischemia-reperfusion injuries in the ovary. Our study investigated berberine's short- and long-term effects on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Methods: This study included 28 Wistar albino female rats weighing 180 to 220 g, which were divided into four groups: sham (S), torsion/detorsion (T/D), torsion/ detorsion+single dose berberine (T/D+Bb), and torsion/detorsion+15 days berberine (T/D+15Bb). The torsion and detorsion model was applied in all non-sham groups. In the T/D+Bb group, a single dose of berberine was administered, while in the T/D+15Bb group, berberine was administered over a period of 15 days. After the rats were euthanized, their ovaries were excised. The left ovaries were used for histopathologic evaluation, which included ovarian injury scoring and follicle count, while the right ovaries were used for biochemical analyses (tissue transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β] and alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] levels). Results: The histopathologic evaluation scores for the ovaries were significantly lower in the T/D+B group (p<0.05) and the T/D+15B group (p<0.005) than in the T/D group. The follicle counts in the T/D group were lower than those in both the sham and treated groups (p<0.005). The TGF-β levels were significantly lower in the T/D+15B group (p<0.005), whereas the α-SMA levels did not show a significant difference. Conclusion: Both short- and long-term berberine use could potentially have therapeutic effects on ovarian torsion. Long-term berberine use exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by reducing TGF-β levels, thereby preventing ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Therefore, we suggest that long-term berberine use could be beneficial for ovarian torsion.

Investigation of properties of boehmitic sol coated graphite added alumina-low cement castables

Suat Yilmaz,Ersan Yilmaz 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.1

In this study, benefiting from the low wettability of graphite, various amounts were added to low cement alumina castables to investigate the resistance of refractories to slag corrosion. For this purpose, typically flake graphite was coated with alumina by a sol-gel method and then added to a mixture of the refractory in various amounts. After the physicomechanical investigation, steel ladle slag with a basicity ratio of 2.29 was charged into the crucibles which were prepared according to DIN 51069 standard. After the heat treatment, samples were cut vertically for investigation. For macroscopic analysis, images taken from the slag-refractory surfaces were digitized and subjected to image analyses to investigate the penetration of the slag. Microscopic analyses were carried out with SEM-EDS to determine the elemental dispersion at the refractory-slag interaction zone. Experimental results indicate that the alumina coated graphite addition give improved slag corrosion resistance of alumina castables.

T?RK?YE'DE E??T?M ALANINDA TOPLAM KAL?TE Y?NET?M? UYGULAMALARINA GENEL B?R BAKI?

?zcan YILMAZ 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2006 중동연구 Vol.24 No.2

<Abstract> General View to the Total Quality Management Applications of the Turkish Educational System Özcan YILMAZ Ankara University, urkey Total quality management is, the strong leadership, and the constructive organization, and with a team effort, as a result, the least faulty product can be produced, with the highest customer satisfaction. In the first volume of this study, we tried to explain the evolution of the management from the classic way, to the Total Quality Management with changes to the human’s social life, and the effects of the industrialization. In the second volume, The Total Quality Management is described, and we explained that why do we need and what are principles of the Total Quality Management, are explained. In the third and the last volume, we talked about the difficulties of the application of the Total Quality Management systems onto the Turkish educational programs, and systems, and we tried to introduce some possible solutions to those problems. We have emphasized that, people who are benefited from those educational institutions which implemented the principles of the total quality management programs, become the leaders of their countries, and they help to advance their nations, into the more developed group of countries. Key Word: Total quality management, Customer satisfaction, Strong leadership, Educational programs, Evolution of the management

The Investigation of Treatment of Pistachio Processing Industrial Wastewater by Electrochemical Methods in Terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Phenol Removal

Alper Erdem Yilmaz,Baybars Ali Fil,Murat Tolga Yilmaz,Serkan Bayar,Zuhal Koksal The Korean Electrochemical Society 2024 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.15 No.1

This work aims to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) of pistachio processing industrial wastewater (PPIW) using the continuous EC process. The tubular reactor made of stainless steel with an internal diameter of 60 mm was used as a cathode electrode. The effect of some parameters was examined on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenols (TP) removal efficiency. The influences of the initial pH of wastewater (from 4 to 8), flow rate (from 25 to 125 mL/min), current density (from 7 to 21 mA/cm²), and supporting electrolyte type (NaCl, NaNO₃, and Na₂SO₄), supporting electrolyte concentration (from 10 to 100 mg/L NaCl) on removal efficiency were investigated to determine the best experimental conditions. The examination of the physico-chemical parameters during the EC treatment showed that the best removal efficiency was obtained under conditions where the flow rate was 25 mL/min (20 min reaction time), the pH value was 5.2, and the current density was 21 mA/cm² has set. Under these experimental conditions, COD and TP removal efficiency were found to be 75% and 97%, respectively, while energy consumption was 18.5 kW h/m³. The study results show that the EC can be applied to PPIW pre-treatment.

Individual and combined effect of Portland cement and chemical agents on unconfined compressive strength for high plasticity clayey soils

Yilmaz, Yuksel,Eun, Jongwan,Goren, Aysegul Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.16 No.4

Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of high plasticity clayey soil mixed with 5 and 10 % of Portland cement and four chemical agents such as sodium hexametaphosphate, aluminum sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium silicate with 0, 5, 10, and 20% concentrations was comparatively evaluated. The individual and combined effects of the cement and chemical agents on the UCS of the soil mixture were investigated. The strength of the soil-cement mixture generally increases with increasing the cement content. However, if the chemical agent is added to the mixture, the strength of the cement-chemical agent-soil mixture tends to vary depending on the type and the amount of the chemical agent. At low concentrations of 5% of aluminum sulfate and 5% and 10% of sodium carbonate, the average UCS of the cement-chemical agent-soil mixture slightly increased compared to pure clay due to increasing the flocculation of the clay in the mixture. However, at high concentrations (20%) of all chemical agents, the UCS significantly decreased compared to the pure clay and clay-cement mixtures. In the case of high cement content, the rate of UCS reduction is the highest among all cement-chemical agent-soil mixtures, which is more than three times higher in comparison to the soil-chemical agent mixtures without cement. Therefore, in the mixture with high cement (> 10%), the reduction of the USC is very sensitive when the chemical agent is added.