Optimization of Process Variables for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Pycnoporus sanguineus using Statistical Experimental Design

Yen San Chan,Mashitah Mat Don 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.1

Sequential optimization strategy based on statistical experimental design and one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method were employed to optimize the process parameters for the enhancement of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) production through biological synthesis using Pycnoporus sanguineus. Based on the OFAT method, three significant components influencing the size of AgNPs produced were identified as AgNO3 concentration,incubation temperature, and agitation speed. The optimum values of these process parameter for the synthesis of AgNPs were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The validity of the model developed was verified, and the statistical analysis showed that the optimum operating conditions were 0.001 M of AgNO3, 38oC, and 200 rpm with the smallest AgNPs produced at 14.86 nm. The disc diffusion method also suggested that AgNPs produced using optimum conditions have higher antimicrobial activity compared to the unoptimized AgNPs. The present study developed a robust operating condition for the production of AgNPs by P. sanguineus, which was 8.6-fold smaller than that obtained from un-optimized conditions.

Optimization of Process Variables for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Pycnoporus sanguineus using Statistical Experimental Design

Chan, Yen San,Don, Mashitah Mat 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.1

Sequential optimization strategy based on statistical experimental design and one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method were employed to optimize the process parameters for the enhancement of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) production through biological synthesis using Pycnoporus sanguineus. Based on the OFAT method, three significant components influencing the size of AgNPs produced were identified as $AgNO_3$ concentration, incubation temperature, and agitation speed. The optimum values of these process parameter for the synthesis of AgNPs were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The validity of the model developed was verified, and the statistical analysis showed that the optimum operating conditions were 0.001 M of $AgNO_3$, $38^{\circ}C$, and 200 rpm with the smallest AgNPs produced at 14.86 nm. The disc diffusion method also suggested that AgNPs produced using optimum conditions have higher antimicrobial activity compared to the unoptimized AgNPs. The present study developed a robust operating condition for the production of AgNPs by P. sanguineus, which was 8.6-fold smaller than that obtained from un-optimized conditions.

Aqueous Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of MgO nanorods

Jaison Jeevanandam,Yen San Chan,Yee Hung Ku 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.2

Plant-based biosynthesis is gaining attention in nanoparticle synthesis as an alternate to chemical and physical synthesis routes due to their non-toxic and environment friendly nature. Leaf extract-based biosynthesis further facilitates rapid synthesis of non-toxic biocompatible nanoparticle that possesses various applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. Metal oxides, especially MgO nanoparticles, show tremendous applications in medical industry. Moreover, plant-based biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles showed improved biophysical and biochemical properties. In the current study, MgO nanorods (MgONRs) are synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus aqueous leaf extract. The results are highly significant as rod-shaped nanoparticles possess superior cellular penetration ability than other morphologies and can be valuable in medical applications. A preliminary experiment was performed to identify the required reaction time for nanorod formation using dynamic light scattering technique. Later, one-factor-at-a-time approach was followed to identify the effect of each process parameters on average particle size of MgONRs. The optimized parameters were used for the synthesis of smaller-sized MgONRs. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was conducted to identify and analyze the functional groups in the leaf extract and MgONRs. The functional groups from phytochemicals and their transformation from enol to keto-form were found to be responsible for nanoparticle formation. The transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the optimized parameters yield 6–8 nm width of stacked MgONRs. Thus, the present work demonstrated a simple and rapid biosynthesis route for MgO nanorod synthesis which can be beneficial in biosensing and therapeutic application.

Aqueous Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract-mediated biosynthesis of MgO nanorods

Jeevanandam, Jaison,Chan, Yen San,Ku, Yee Hung The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.2

Plant-based biosynthesis is gaining attention in nanoparticle synthesis as an alternate to chemical and physical synthesis routes due to their non-toxic and environment friendly nature. Leaf extract-based biosynthesis further facilitates rapid synthesis of non-toxic biocompatible nanoparticle that possesses various applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. Metal oxides, especially MgO nanoparticles, show tremendous applications in medical industry. Moreover, plant-based biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles showed improved biophysical and biochemical properties. In the current study, MgO nanorods (MgONRs) are synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus aqueous leaf extract. The results are highly significant as rod-shaped nanoparticles possess superior cellular penetration ability than other morphologies and can be valuable in medical applications. A preliminary experiment was performed to identify the required reaction time for nanorod formation using dynamic light scattering technique. Later, one-factor-at-a-time approach was followed to identify the effect of each process parameters on average particle size of MgONRs. The optimized parameters were used for the synthesis of smaller-sized MgONRs. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was conducted to identify and analyze the functional groups in the leaf extract and MgONRs. The functional groups from phytochemicals and their transformation from enol to keto-form were found to be responsible for nanoparticle formation. The transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the optimized parameters yield 6-8 nm width of stacked MgONRs. Thus, the present work demonstrated a simple and rapid biosynthesis route for MgO nanorod synthesis which can be beneficial in biosensing and therapeutic application.

Evaluation on feedstock, technologies, catalyst and reactor for sustainable biodiesel production: A review

Mohd Nurfirdaus Bin Mohiddin,Yie Hua Tan,Yee Xuan Seow,Jibrail Kansedo,N.M. Mubarak,Mohammad Omar Abdullah,Yen San Chan,Mohammad Khalid 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.98 No.-

The ever-detrimental condition of the environment due to the fossil fuel utilization has catalyzed thedevelopment of biodiesel. Biodiesel is produced mainly via transesterification and the entire processcomprises of several major components; the feedstock, the catalyst, the reaction, and the productseparation or purification. There are various factors affecting the amount and quality of biodieselproduced, such as the type and amount of feedstock and catalyst, alcohol-to-feedstock ratio, and reactiontemperature and time. The performance of biodiesel reactors in providing energy and time efficientbiodiesel production is also among the subject of recent studies. To produce biodiesel commercially andefficiently, it is important to recognize the novel technologies that are promising for biodiesel production. With this in mind, this article presents a review of the recent advancement and classification of thefeedstock, the catalyst for biodiesel production, and the biodiesel production reactor. Furthermore, thisarticle also highlights the development and application of oil extraction techniques, biochar as a biodieselcatalyst, and the magnetic biodiesel catalyst. The biodiesel production reactor and parametersoptimization are also discussed in this article in order to provide a better context on the chemicalreaction.