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M.W. Yap,N.M. Mubarak,J.N. Sahu,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.45 No.-
The novel magnetic biochar (MB) has been successfully synthesized by using the microwave technique,using discarded materials such as coconut shell (CS). The optimized conditions for the best novelmagnetic biochar synthesis are at 800 W reaction power, 20 min reaction time, and 0.5 g (FeCl3:biomass)impregnation ratio. The detailed physical and chemical analyses of novel magnetic biochar were found tobe in good agreement with the hypothesis. These newly produced magnetic biochars have high surfacearea of 834 m2/g and this leads to high efficiency in the removal of cadmium and lead from wastewater. The results revealed that magnetic biochar composite exhibited excellent ferromagnetic property with asaturation magnetization of 6 emu/g. As for new invention, the magnetic biochar can be directlyproduced using microwaves heating by single stage of activation compared to the conventional method.
An overview on methods for the production of carbon nanotubes
N.M. Mubarak,E.C. Abdullah,N.S. Jayakumar,J.N. Sahu 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most exciting discoveries in nanoscale sciences. A brief survey of experimental work directed towards the synthesis of CNTs has been discussed. The various methods of production of CNTs are explained outlining their capabilities, efficiencies and possible exploitation as economic large scale production. Among the discussed techniques, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) appears to be the most potential way to produce high quality of CNTs at high yield. The advantages of CVD over other techniques are also explained and the effects of process parameter on the synthesis of these nanomaterials are discussed.
Microwave assisted multiwall carbon nanotubes enhancing Cd(II) adsorption capacity in aqueous media
N.M. Mubarak,J.N. Sahu,E.C. Abdullah,N.S. Jayakumar,P. Ganesan 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.24 No.-
Novel multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been successfully synthesized using tubular microwave chemical vapour deposition technique and proved to be an outstanding adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. The effect of process parameters such as pH, MWCNTs dosage, agitation speed and time were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cd(II) were found to be 88.62 mg/g and a statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removal (98%) of Cd(II) are at pH 5, MWCNTs dosage 0.1 g, agitation speed and time of 160 rpm and 50 min, respectively with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models match the experimental data very well and adsorption kinetic obeyed pseudo-second order. Our results proved that MWCNTs can be used as an effective Cd(II) adsorbent due to the high adsorption capacity as well as the short adsorption time needed to achieve equilibrium.
Jihn Yih Lim,N.M. Mubarak,E.C. Abdullah,Sabzoi Nizamuddin,Mohammad Khalid,Inamuddin 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.66 No.-
The advanced synthesis and development of raw graphene based on various significant functionalization has been outstanding in the wastewater treatment compared to the other alternatives such as carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomaterials. Nano size graphene is known to possess large surface area and some promising properties in terms of mechanical, electrical, chemical and magnetism. Besides, the graphene can be generated via both Top-down and Bottom-up methods such as chemical exfoliation, chemical vapour deposition and other techniques so that it can be further functionalized to form graphene oxide-based nanomaterials. Hence, graphene oxide-based nanomaterials are discovered to be useful in the application of heavy metal removal from wastewater. In short, this paper critically reviewed on the synthesis method of graphene and application of graphene oxide-based nanomaterials in the term of heavy metal removal. The advantages, drawbacks, comparison of the data efficiencies, and research requirements are further highlighted, elaborated and discussed detailly. Lastly, the future challenges of graphene are elaborated. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that the wastewater discharged should be detected with the minimum or none of the heavy metals so that minimum effects on the ecosystem is discovered.
An overview of functionalised carbon nanomaterial for organic pollutant removal
Lau Yien Jun,N.M. Mubarak,Min Juey Yee,Lau Sie Yon,Chua Han Bing,Mohammad Khalid,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.67 No.-
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), particularly carbon nanotube and graphene-based materials, are rapidly emerging as one of the most effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment. CNMs hold great potential as new generation adsorbents due to their high surface to volume ratio, as well as extraordinary chemical, mechanical and thermal stabilities. However, implementation of pristine CNMs in real world applications are still hindered due to their poor solubility in most solvents. Hence, surface modification of CNMs is essential for wastewater treatment application in order to improve its solubility, chemical stability, fouling resistance and efficiency. Numerous studies have reported the applications of functionalized CNMs as very promising adsorbents for treating organic and inorganic wastewater pollutants. In this paper, the removal of organic dye and phenol contaminants from wastewater using various type of functionalized CNMs are highlighted and summarized. Challenges and future opportunities for application of these CNMs as adsorbents in sustainable wastewater treatment are also addressed in this paper.
A review on influence of reactor technologies and kinetic studies for biodiesel application
Ijlal Raheem,Mohd Nurfirdaus Bin Mohiddin,Yie Hua Tan,Jibrail Kansedo,N.M. Mubarak,Mohammad Omar Abdullah,Mohd Lokman Ibrahim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-
The increase in demand for energy has caused a clear contradiction between the supply and consumptionof these resources, which has triggered countries to divert their attention towards biodiesel. Biodieselyield and sustainability of the biodiesel production process are highly influenced by the catalyst. Homogeneous catalyst is the conventional method to produce biodiesel, but it requires larger waterconsumption to purify thefinal product while on the contrary heterogeneous catalyst does not requireexpensive utility separation cost and it can be separated from simplefiltration method. Thus, this papercomprehensively reviews the conventional and advanced biodiesel reactor technologies, particularly linkto the kinetic studies of different types of catalysts. The effects of the operating conditions on the reactortechnology with different catalysts are discussed to observe a better oil conversion. Merits andlimitations of different catalysts for biodiesel production are then compared. The kinetic studies arereviewed to compare the rate of reaction and activation energy between various types of catalysts. As thecatalyst and reactor type selection affect the transesterification reaction, it is necessary to search for thecorrect combination of catalyst and reactor to increase the efficiency of biodiesel production at a lowercost.
Mohd Nurfirdaus Bin Mohiddin,Yie Hua Tan,Yee Xuan Seow,Jibrail Kansedo,N.M. Mubarak,Mohammad Omar Abdullah,Yen San Chan,Mohammad Khalid 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.98 No.-
The ever-detrimental condition of the environment due to the fossil fuel utilization has catalyzed thedevelopment of biodiesel. Biodiesel is produced mainly via transesterification and the entire processcomprises of several major components; the feedstock, the catalyst, the reaction, and the productseparation or purification. There are various factors affecting the amount and quality of biodieselproduced, such as the type and amount of feedstock and catalyst, alcohol-to-feedstock ratio, and reactiontemperature and time. The performance of biodiesel reactors in providing energy and time efficientbiodiesel production is also among the subject of recent studies. To produce biodiesel commercially andefficiently, it is important to recognize the novel technologies that are promising for biodiesel production. With this in mind, this article presents a review of the recent advancement and classification of thefeedstock, the catalyst for biodiesel production, and the biodiesel production reactor. Furthermore, thisarticle also highlights the development and application of oil extraction techniques, biochar as a biodieselcatalyst, and the magnetic biodiesel catalyst. The biodiesel production reactor and parametersoptimization are also discussed in this article in order to provide a better context on the chemicalreaction.
Mohammad Hadi Dehghani,Masoome Mostofi,Mahmood Alimohammadi,Gordon McKay,Kaan Yetilmezsoy,Ahmad B. Albadarin,Behzad Heibati,Mohammad Al Ghouti,N.M. Mubarak,J.N. Sahu 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.35 No.-
The adsorption capabilities of two nano-sized adsorbents: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were investigated for the removal of toxic phenol. Themaximum adsorption capacities of MWCNTs and SWCNTs were determined as 64.60 and 50.51 mg/g,respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model for both adsorbents. Theoptimum conditions using SWCNTs and MWCNTs were pH 6.57 and 4.65, phenol concentration 50 and50 mg/L, dose 1.97 and 2 g/L and contact time 36 and 56 min, respectively. The results indicated thatMWCNTs and SWCNTs were proven as high-performance adsorbents for toxic phenol removal fromwastewater.