Towards Attacks and Defenses of Anonymous Communication Systems

Tianbo Lu,Puxin Yao1,Lingling Zhao,Yang Li,Feng Xie,Yamei Xia 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.1

Anonymous communication system has been hot topic in the field of information security, and attack techniques against anonymous systems are endless. This paper first classifies and summarizes the study of attacks against anonymous communication system in recent years, then analyzes the trend of the research on different attack technologies; secondly, it provides a comparative analysis of defense capability the mainstream anonymous communication system to the various attacks; Finally, combining the advantages and disadvantages of different systems, the authors propose an improved node selection and router forwarding algorithms for anonymous communication systems, and design an architecture of anonymous communications software based on the algorithm.

Laser Ablation Synthesis, Structure, and Exchange Bias of Mn4C/MnO Powders

Yao, Lu-Lu,Si, Ping-Zhan,Ge, Hong-Liang,Qian, Hui-Dong,Choi, Chul-Jin Springer-Verlag 2019 Journal of electronic materials Vol.48 No.3

Imbalance of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Esophageal Achalasia

Lu Yao,Zuqiang Liu,Weifeng Chen,Jiaqi Xu,Xiaoyue Xu,Jiaxin Xu,Liyun Ma,Xiaoqing Li,Quanlin Li,Pinghong Zhou 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.4

Background/AimsPrevious studies reveal that immune-mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in the etiology of esophageal achalasia. However, the understanding of leucocyte phenotype and proportion is limited. This study aim to evaluate the phenotypes of leukocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells transcriptomes in esophageal achalasia. MethodsWe performed high-dimensional flow cytometry to identified subsets of peripheral leukocytes, and further validated in lower esophageal sphincter histologically. RNA sequencing was applied to investigate the transcriptional changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with achalasia. Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) was used for estimating the immune cell types. A differential gene expression analysis was performed and the differential expressed genes were subjected to gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes network, protein-protein interaction network construction. ResultsAn imbalance between innate and adaptive immune cells occurred in achalasia. Specifically, neutrophils and CD8+ T cells increased both in peripheral blood and lower esophageal sphincter in achalasia. Eosinophils decreased in peripheral blood but massively infiltrated in lower esophageal sphincter. CIBERSORT analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells RNA sequencing displayed an increased prevalence of CD8+ T cells. 170 dysregulated genes were identified in achalasia, which were enriched in immune cells migration, immune response, etc. Proton pump inhibitor analysis revealed the intersections and gained 7 hub genes in achalasia, which were IL-6, Toll-like receptor 2, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, complement C3, and complement C1q A chain. ConclusionPatients with achalasia exhibited an imbalance of systematic innate and adaptive immunity, which may play an important role in the development of achalasia.

Evidence for relaxed selection of mitogenome in rapid‑flow cyprinids

Yao Lu,Hu Xing,Dongsheng Zhang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.7

Background Hypoxia adaptation is developed in many fish species, which helped them to habitat most of water bodies. However, fishes living under high oxygen concentration may lose this feature. Rapid flows provide high level and stable dissolved oxygen, which facilitate organism’s oxygen supply and energy production. Previous studies showed that fish species from rapid-flow habitats exhibited lower hypoxia tolerance compared with fish from intermediate- and slow-flow habitats. Mitochondrial genomes code 13 key components in oxidative phosphorylation pathway; these genes may be under relaxed selection in rapid-flow species. Objectives The primary objectives of this study is to investigate the evolutionary patterns of the 13 mitochondrial OXPHOS genes among nine cyprinids from different water bodies and to test the hypotheses that mitochondrial OXPHOS genes may experience relaxed selection in rapid-flow habitats. Methods We classified nine cyprinid fish species into three groups based on their habitats: rapid-flow, intermediate-flow and slow-flow. To detect relaxed selections, we investigated the 13 protein-coding genes with codon evolution programs RELAX; to estimate evolutionary rates among the cyprinids, free-ratio model in Codeml program was applied; Branch-site models were applied to detect positive selection sites. The polymorphisms of homologous sites were evaluated with PROVEAN program and projected to 3D structure prediction of the proteins using SWISS-MODEL. Results We found that nine out of the 13 genes are under relaxed selection in rapid-flow species. Furthermore, dN, dS and dN/dS are relatively increased when compared with those of intermediate-flow species. More amino acid polymorphic sites are presented in rapid-flow species than in intermediate- and slow-flow species. Furthermore, rapid-flow species had more deleterious substitutions than other groups. 3D structure prediction of these proteins and projection of the polymorphic sites indicated that these sites were randomly distributed, suggesting relaxed functional constraints of these proteins in rapid-flow species. Conclusion Our results suggest that mitochondrial genes are under relaxed selection in rapid-flow cyprinids.

Numerical Investigation on the Ultimate Compression Behavior of Un-strengthened and CFRP-strengthened Steel Tube with Random Pitting Corrosion Damage

Lu Yao,Shaofeng Zhang,Hang Yu,Jiajing Xu,Xiaojian Cao,Yan Ma 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.11

This paper mainly numerically investigates the ultimate compression strength of un-strengthened and CFRP-strengthened steel tubes with random pitting corrosion damage. First, a developed numerical method for steel tubes with random corroded pits is introduced in detail. The accuracy of a similar numerical method is verified through the corresponding experimental measurement and numerical prediction. Then, the ultimate axial compression behavior of steel tubes with random elliptical corroded pits is numerically investigated. Several influencing factors on the ultimate strength of corroded steel tubes under axial compression load are simulated and compared, including different random distributions, region size of corroded pits, number of pits, and depth of pits. Subsequently, the method for strengthening steel tubes by using CFRPs is studied and conducted on the corroded regions of steel tubes. The reliability of steel tubes strengthened by FRP is validated through experimental and numerical results. Finally, the residual compression performance and progressive damage mechanisms of CFRP-strengthened steel tubes are researched. The different parametric influences on the strengthened performance of FRPs are simulated, including layer direction, number of composite layers, and composite materials. The results demonstrate that FRP can improve the axial compression resistance of corroded steel tubes.

Zwitterion imprinted composite membranes with obvious antifouling character for selective separation of Li ions

Yao Lu,Dongshu Sun,Yang Lu,Yongsheng Yan,Bo Hu 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.4

A surface hydrophilic and antifouling imprinted composite membrane based on zwitterion and dopamine for selective adsorption Li+ from compound has great potential. We investigated the selective adsorption amount for lithium from high Mg2+ and low Li+; the resulting displayed both excellent adsorption amount of Li+ and high selective adsorption efficiency of the fabricated membranes from the compound. Relatively lower contact angle of 50.7o and higher membrane flux value of 11.78mL cm2 min1 were obtained, which indicated the imprinted composite membrane possessed high hydrophilicity. In the BSA protein adsorption experiments, the anti-pollution performance of the imprinted composite membrane was greatly improved. Moreover, the results on perm-selectivity and regeneration ability are 8.94 and 91.4%. Overall results suggest that zwitterion and dopamine can be considered effective for increasing the hydrophilicity and anti-pollution capacity. Moreover, the imprinted composite membranes could be used for selective adsorption of Li+ effectively.

Incidental double duct sign: Should we be worried? Results from a long-term follow-up study

Lu Yao,Hoda Amar,Somaiah Aroori 한국간담췌외과학회 2024 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.28 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: Double duct sign (DDS) (dilated common bile and pancreatic duct) is synonymous with pancreatic head/ peri-ampullary tumor (PHPAT). There is limited evidence on whether incidental DDS (I-DDS) is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. This study aimed to evaluate 5-year outcomes of I-DDS. Methods: Patients were categorized according to their risk of malignancy. ‘Low-risk’ patients, including those with I-DDS between 2010 and 2015, were analyzed in this study. The primary outcome was incidence of PHPAT within five years of identification of DDS. Histology results from endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy were considered diagnostic. Secondary outcomes were incidence of benign causes, extent of follow-up investigations, and clinical indicators of malignancy in patients with DDS. Results: Among 103 patients with DDS, 20 had I-DDS. Subsequent follow-up of these 20 patients found no patient with PHPAT, two (10%) patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 18 (90%) patients with no cause found. The median follow-up duration for ‘low-risk’ patients was 7.3 years (range, 6–11 years). The mean number of follow-up investigations per patient was two (range, 0–9). Investigations included computed tomography (n = 27), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (n = 23), endoscopy (n = 16), and ultrasound (n = 14). Patients with jaundice were more likely to have malignancy (p < 0.01). Those with abdominal pain were more likely to have a benign cause (p < 0.01). Hyperbilirubinemia and/or deranged liver enzymes and raised CA19-9 were more likely to be associated with PHPAT (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with I-DDS have a low risk of developing PHPAT within five years.

Behavior of reinforced concrete corbels

Lu, Wen-Yao,Lin, Ing-Jaung Techno-Press 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.33 No.3

Test results of thirteen reinforced concrete corbels with shear span-to-depth ratio greater than unity are reported. The main variables studied were compressive strength of concrete, shear span-to-depth ratio and parameter of vertical stirrups. The test results indicate that the shear strengths of corbels increase with an increase in compressive strength of concrete and parameter of vertical stirrups. The shear strengths of corbels also increase with a decrease in shear span-to-depth ratio. The smaller the shear span-to-depth ratio of corbel, the larger the stiffness and the shear strength of corbel are. The higher the concrete strength of corbel, the higher the stiffness and the shear strength of corbel are. The larger the parameter of vertical stirrups, the larger the stiffness and the shear strength of corbel are. The softened strut-and-tie model for determining the shear strengths of reinforced concrete corbels is modified appropriately in this paper. The shear strengths predicted by the proposed model and the approach of ACI Code are compared with available test results. The comparison shows that the proposed model can predict more accurately the shear strengths of reinforced concrete corbels than the approach of ACI Code.

Interpretation of Specific Safeguard Provisions in China’s Accession Protocol to the World Trade Organization

Yao Lu 한국국제경제법학회 2010 국제경제법연구 Vol.8 No.1

The transitional product?specific safeguard mechanism in China’s Accession Protocol is recognized as an unfavorable clause towards China after China’s entry to the WTO. The inclusion of the SSM in the Protocol is a result of long?term tough negotiation due to China’s special market and economic conditions. The different phrases of the SSM in the Protocol from the general safeguards rules and the ambiguities are argued to leave China at an unfair situation. Especially, the revival of grey?area measures and departure from MFN principle, and some departures from the phrases used in general safeguards rules. However, the language of the SSM in the Protocol must be read carefully, in its context which includes the Protocol and the WTO Agreements, in the light of its object and purpose, and keep in mind of the general?special relation between the general safeguards rules and the Protocol. Then it can be found that not all the different terms set out a less restricted requirement on applying a SSM towards China, some even set forth more restricted requirements; and some of the ambiguities can be solved by referring the general safeguard measure rules, such as Article XIX of GATT, the Agreement on Safeguards and the Anti?dumping Agreement. In order to interpret and apply the SSM in the Protocol properly, the language must be read in cautious, together with the general safeguards rules.

Corporate Governance Reform and State Ownership: Evidence from China

Yao Lu,Xinzheng Shi 한국증권학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.41 No.6

Using a sample of propensity-score matched overseas and domestically listed firms, we examine whether the effect of corporate governance reform (CGR) in 2001 in China varies among firms with different ownership structures. The positive effect of the CGR is weaker for firms with more state-owned shares, and product market competition increases the effect of the CGR on such firms. These findings suggest that government regulations on corporate governance and market competition can serve as complementary solutions to agency problems that arise from state ownership.