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Sae Yanagihara,Shinji Fukuda,Hiroshi Ohno,Naoyuki Yamamoto 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.6
To understand host gastrointestinal response after exposure to probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92,microarray analysis of cultured epithelial Caco-2 cells was performed. Of the 187 genes down-regulated after 4 h treatment with L-92, 25 were involved in RNA splicing; 12, in cell cycle; 8 were transcriptional regulators; 2 were involved in ubiquitin proteolysis; 2, in adhesion; 2, in meiosis; 2, in splicing; and 2 encoding cytokines. In the RNA splicing group, genes encoding small nuclear RNAs, nuclear pore complex interacting proteins, RNA binding motif proteins, and SMG1 homologs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase) were identified. Among the only 13 genes up-regulated by the treatment, 5 were involved in histone structure, and 2 were involved in metabolism. Genes belonging to cell adhesion, transmembrane proteins,mitogen-activated protein kinase, immune response, DNA binding, inflammation, and protein synthesis groups were mainly up-regulated after 20 h of treatment, whereas no significantly down-regulated genes were observed. In the present transcriptome analysis, during the early stage of treatment (four hours of treatment) with L-92, genes involved in cell growth and cell meiosis were mainly repressed. During the late phase of treatment (20 h of treatment), the expression of the genes linked to cell adhesion activity and metabolism for cell growth was enhanced. From the present transcriptome analysis, we suggest that Caco-2 cells slow down cell death and turnover of RNA synthesis as an early response to L-92 treatment; at the late stage of treatment, the genes involved in cell proliferation, transcriptional activity, and apoptosis are activated.
藤原忠実『殿暦』の漢字仮名交じり表記 -平安時代和化漢文の学習過程という側面から-
柳原?津子(Etsuko, Yanagihara) 한국일본어학회 2021 日本語學硏究 Vol.- No.68
후지와라노 다다자네(藤原忠実)의 일기 『덴랴쿠』(『殿暦』)는 다른 옛 기록물들처럼 ‘일본제한문’(和化漢文)이라는 문체로 기록되어 있다. ‘일본제한문’이란, 일본어 화자가 쓰고 일본어 화자가 읽기 위해 간략화 및 일본어화한 한문체를 말한다. 『덴랴쿠』는 헤이안시대의 다른 옛 기록물과 비교했을 때 상당수 가나(仮名)를 혼용해서 사용했다고 널리 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 『덴랴쿠』에서 볼 수 있는 모든 한자가 나 혼용 표기례를 분류 및 정리하고 나아가 시간이 경과함에 따른 변화를 관찰한다. 『덴랴쿠』에서 볼 수 있는 한자가나 혼용 표기는 1105년(長治2)경을 경계로 연차순으로 감소하였으며 이로 미루어볼 때 기주(記主)의 한문체로 글을 짓는 집필 능력이 점차 향상되었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 자립어를 포함한 한자가나 혼용 표기, 그중에서도 단락 및 문장의 범위에 이르는 가나 혼용 표기례도 1105년(長治2)경까지의 전반기에 많았으며, 한문체로 짓지 못했던 내용이 많았던 상태에서 한문체로 지을 수 있는 내용이 늘어났다는 것을 알 수 있다. 한편, 한자에 조사와 조동사(주로 격조사) 및 어미 등을 덧붙여 써넣는 형식의 가나 혼용 표기례는 권말까지 일정한 빈도로 지속해서 사용되었다. 기주에게 있어서 용법(措辞) 및 조사(助辞)류(‘於’ 등)만으로 정확한 격 관계의 표현은 어려웠다는 측면을 엿볼 수 있다. "Denryaku, "Fujiwara no Tadazane"s diary, was written in the style of "Wakakanbun," like other ancient records. "Waka kanbun" is a Chinese writing style written by Japanese people and simplified and translated into Japanese for Japanese readers It is widely known that kana was more widely used in "Denryaku" than in other ancient records of the Heian period. In this paper, we classify and organize all examples of kanji-kana mixed notation found in "Denryaku" and observe changes over time. The kanji-kana mixed notation found in the "Denryaku" had been decreasing year by year since around the 2nd year of Choji,i.e.(1105), and in this respect, we can understand that the writing ability of writer in Chinese writing was gradually improving. In addition, there were many examples of kanji-kana mixed notation including “jiritugo”,independent words, especially kanji-kana mixed notation covering a range of clauses and sentences in the first half of the period(until around Choji 2nd year), and there were many contents that could not be spelled in the Chinese writing style. However, we can see that the content that can be spelled in the Chinese writing style increased after around Choji 2nd year. On the other hand, cases of mixed kana notation in which particles, auxiliary verbs (mainly case particles), and verb endings added to kanji continued to appear at a certain frequency towards the end of the book. It is possible for us to get a glimpse of the aspect that it was difficult for the writer to accurately express the case relation only with word order and Chinese particles (such as "於").
Improvement of Conversion Efficiency through Water-cooled Equipment in Photovoltaic System
Fujii, Masayuki,Yanagihara, Hidenobu,Mitsumoto, Shinichi,Kikugawa, Syokichi,Tokoro, Tetsuro,Fukuma, Masumi 대한전기학회 2013 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.3 No.1
In general, polycrystalline silicon is used as the material of solar module for a general photovoltaic power system. In the summer, the temperature of solar module remains over 60 degrees C for a long time in daytime. It is known that the conversion efficiency of the solar module remarkably drops because of the temperature rise. It is possible to keep the conversion efficiency high by water-cooled equipment in photovoltaic power system. Furthermore, the cooling water can store heat energy from the solar module, so that a large amount of hot water can be produced. The results show that the water-cooled equipment has been effective in photovoltaic power system for a year.
Watanabe, Naoko,Yanagihara, Satoshi Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2021 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.19 No.3
In this study, basic strategies for the decommissioning and site remediation of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) were investigated. Six scenarios were formulated based on two of the three decommissioning strategies of nuclear power plants defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): immediate dismantling and deferred dismantling. A multicriteria decision analysis was performed to analyze the preferences of the options from the viewpoints of the timeframe to complete decommissioning, the resulting waste, the site usability, and the availability of the radioactive waste disposal route. The same six scenarios were applied to both the FDNPS and the nuclear power plants that ceased operation after a normal plant life cycle for comparison. For the FDNPS, the decommissioning project involved fuel debris retrieval, dismantling, and site remediation. The analysis results suggest that the balance between the amount of waste and the time to achieve the end state may be one of the most critical factors to consider when planning the decommissioning and site remediation of the FDNPS.