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Reliability Evaluation of a Microgrid Considering Its Operating Condition
Xu, Xufeng,Mitra, Joydeep,Wang, Tingting,Mu, Longhua The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.1
Microgrids offer several reliability benefits, such as the improvement of load-point reliability and the opportunity for reliability-differentiated services. The primary goal of this work is to investigate the impacts of operating condition on the reliability index for microgrid system. It relies on a component failure rate model which quantifies the relationship between component failure rate and state variables. Some parameters involved are characterized by subjective uncertainty. Thus, fuzzy numbers are introduced to represent such parameters, and an optimization model based on Fuzzy Chance Constrained Programming (FCCP) is established for reliability index calculation. In addition, we present a hybrid algorithm which combines scenario enumeration and fuzzy simulation as a solution tool. The simulations in a microgrid test system show that reliability indices without considering operating condition can often prove to be optimistic. We also investigate two groups of situations, which include the different penetration levels of microsource and different confidence levels. The results support the necessity of considering operating condition for achieving accurate reliability evaluation.
Reliability Evaluation of a Microgrid Considering Its Operating Condition
Xufeng Xu,Joydeep Mitra,Tingting Wang,Longhua Mu 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.1
Microgrids offer several reliability benefits, such as the improvement of load-point reliability and the opportunity for reliability-differentiated services. The primary goal of this work is to investigate the impacts of operating condition on the reliability index for microgrid system. It relies on a component failure rate model which quantifies the relationship between component failure rate and state variables. Some parameters involved are characterized by subjective uncertainty. Thus, fuzzy numbers are introduced to represent such parameters, and an optimization model based on Fuzzy Chance Constrained Programming (FCCP) is established for reliability index calculation. In addition, we present a hybrid algorithm which combines scenario enumeration and fuzzy simulation as a solution tool. The simulations in a microgrid test system show that reliability indices without considering operating condition can often prove to be optimistic. We also investigate two groups of situations, which include the different penetration levels of microsource and different confidence levels. The results support the necessity of considering operating condition for achieving accurate reliability evaluation.
Xufeng Xiao,Caijun Wu,Zhiyun Xu,Yingui Yang,Shuying Fan,Heng Wang 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.4
Bolting and flowering enhance the commercial value of flowering Chinese cabbage. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FRIGIDA (FRI) are two key flowering time genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we reported on the cloning and characterization of three ‘classical’ genes from the autonomous pathway from flowering Chinese cabbage, BrcuFCA, BrcuFLD and BrcuFVE. The results of expression analysis showed BrcuFLC was a gradually up-regulated with the developmental stages. However, temporal mRNA expression of BrcuFRI, BrcuFCA, BrcuFVE, and BrcuFLD were found to follow the opposite transcription patterns. The spatial expression patterns of BrcuFCA, BrcuFLD, and BrcuFVE were similar with the highest levels in flowers, whereas the highest transcription levels of BrcuFLC occurred in leaves and stems and that of BrcuFRI in roots. We presumed that the main pathway of bolting– flowering regulation in flowering Chinese cabbage might be the autonomous pathway and different from the vernalization pathway and FRI-dependent pathway.
Yuan, Jianyu,Xu, Yalong,Shi, Guozheng,Ling, Xufeng,Ying, Lei,Huang, Fei,Lee, Tack Ho,Woo, Han Young,Kim, Jin Young,Cao, Yong,Ma, Wanli The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.6 No.22
<P>In this contribution, we report the working mechanisms of several processing additives for controlling the morphology of four all-polymer systems. The optical and electrical properties, photovoltaic performance, morphology and the dynamic process of film formation of these all-polymer systems were thoroughly examined. We revealed that the effect of additives is largely dependent on the aggregation behaviors of the polymers used. Here, the polymer acceptors with large planar structures have stronger inter-chain interactions, which make their morphology more susceptible to additive treatment compared to the donors. 1,8-Di(R)octane (R = Cl, Br, and I) additives can be applied to multiple all-polymer devices with improved efficiency due to their general capability to increase the crystallinity and extend the effective time during the film formation. Interestingly, DBrO outperforms the widely used DIO, obtaining a highest efficiency of 8.23% for the PTzBI/P(NDI2OD-T2) based all-polymer solar cells, indicating finer morphology control by a subtle change of the additive structure. In contrast, the addition of chloronaphthalene (CN) can alleviate the inter-chain interaction of polymers to prevent the formation of oversized domains, which make it especially efficient for systems using strongly aggregated polymers like P(NDI2OD-T2). Our results provide insight into processing additives and suggest guidelines to rationally select additives for nonfullerene solar cells.</P>
Surface Quality Controlling Research on High Speed Milling Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718
Yubo Liu,Xu Yanfeng,Xi Wang,Wang Xufeng 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.7
Nickel based superalloy Inconel 718 is difficult to machine as a material. The prediction model of surface roughness in high speed milling of Nickel-based Superalloy Inconel 718 was developed based on multiple regression analysis. The model is established from the experiments conducted on a XH714D matching center. The predicted results by using this model agree very well with those obtained from experiments, and the Prediction model of surface roughness of nickel based superalloy can provide a foundation to optimize cutting parameters and control surface quality.
Rongjun Chen,Yongrong Liao,Shengbin Liu,Yunyun Jiang,Changqiong Hu,Xuewei Zhang,Xufeng Cao,Zhengjun Xu,Xiaoling Gao,Lihua Li,Jianqing Zhu 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.1
Dirigent (DIR) and DIR-like family genes were involved in lignification or in the response to pathogen infection and abiotic stress in plants. Little is known to us about how rice DIR genes respond to adverse conditions. In this study, we reported genome-wide analysis of 49 DIR or DIR-likes genes in rice. The 49 OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were tandem arranged into ten clusters. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 49 rice DIR and DIR-like genes cluster into five distinct subfamilies, DIR-a and four DIRlike subfamilies (DIR-b/d, and DIR-g, DIR-c, DIR-e). Meta-analysis of microarray gene expression datas indicated that all the OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were expressed almost at the same level but with different patterns: most OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were expressed exclusively in stigma and ovary and were induced by IAA and BAP; several genes were induced by trans-zeatin (tZ) and DMSO; 23 OsDIRs or OsDIR-likes were responded to abiotic stress. Our analysis also showed that most of these genes could respond to abiotic stresses, which contained cis-regulatory elements. The present study will provide a useful reference for further functional analysis of the DIR genes in rice.