Enhancing Astaxanthin Accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis by Coupled Light Intensity and Nitrogen Starvation in Column Photobioreactors

( Wen-wen Zhang ),( Xue-fei Zhou ),( Ya-lei Zhang ),( Peng-fei Cheng ),( Rui Ma ),( Wen-long Cheng ),( Hua-qiang Chu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.12

Natural astaxanthin mainly derives from a microalgae producer, Haematococcus pluvialis. The induction of nitrogen starvation and high light intensity is particularly significant for boosting astaxanthin production. However, the different responses to light intensity and nitrogen starvation needed to be analyzed for biomass growth and astaxanthin accumulation. The results showed that the highest level of astaxanthin production was achieved in nitrogen starvation, and was 1.64 times higher than the control group at 11 days. With regard to the optimization of light intensity utilization, it was at 200 μmo/m2/s under nitrogen starvation that the highest astaxanthin productivity per light intensity was achieved. In addition, both high light intensity and a nitrogen source had significant effects on multiple indicators. For example, high light intensity had a greater significant effect than a nitrogen source on biomass dry weight, astaxanthin yield and astaxanthin productivity; in contrast, nitrogen starvation was more beneficial for enhancing astaxanthin content per dry weight biomass. The data indicate that high light intensity synergizes with nitrogen starvation to stimulate the biosynthesis of astaxanthin.

Insufficient radiofrequency ablation-induced autophagy contributes to the rapid progression of residual hepatocellular carcinoma through the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway

( Wen-lei Xu ),( Shao-hong Wang ),( Wen-bing Sun ),( Jun Gao ),( Xue-mei Ding ),( Jian Kong ),( Li Xu ),( Shan Ke ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.4

Currently speaking, it is noted that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been the most widely used treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring in patients. However, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the incidence of insufficient RFA (IRFA) may result in the identified rapid progression of residual HCC in the patient, which can greatly hinder the effectiveness and patient reported benefits of utilizing this technique. Although many efforts have been proposed, the underlying mechanisms triggering the rapid progression of residual HCC after IRFA have not yet been fully clarified through current research literature reviews. It was shown in this study that cell proliferation, migration and invasion of residual HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells were significantly increased after the IRFA was simulated in vitro. In other words, it is noted that IRFA could do this by enhancing the image of autophagy of the residual HCC cell via the HIF-1 α/BNIP3 pathway. Consequently, the down-regulation of BNIP3 may result in the inhibition of the residual HCC cell progression and autophagy after IRFA. Our present study results suggest that IRFA could promote residual HCC cell progression in vitro by enhancing autophagy via the HIF-1 α/BNIP3 pathway. For this reason, it is noted that the targeting of the BNIP3 may be useful in preventing the rapid growth and metastasis of residual HCC after IRFA. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(4): 277-282]

Meta-analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Prognostic Marker in Lung Cancer

Ma, Xue-Lei,Xiao, Zhi-Lan,Liu, Lei,Liu, Xiao-Xiao,Nie, Wen,Li, Ping,Chen, Nian-Yong,Wei, Yu-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play potential roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with various cancer types. The aim of this study was to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence for the use of CTCs to predict the survival outcome of lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was identified using Medline and EMBASE. Patients' clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) together with CTC positive rates at different time points (before, during and after treatment) were extracted. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of CTCs and the correlation between the CTC appearance and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 12 articles containing survival outcomes and clinical characteristics and 15 articles containing only clinical characteristics were included for the global meta-analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS predicted by pro-treatment CTCs was 2.61 [1.82, 3.74], while the HR for PFS was 2.37 [1.41, 3.99]. The HR for OS predicted by post-treatment CTCs was 4.19 [2.92, 6.00], while the HR for PFS was 4.97 [3.05, 8.11]. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to histological classification and detection method. Odds ratio (OR) showed the appearance of pro-treatment CTCs correlated with the lymph node status, distant metastasis, and TNM staging, while post-treatment CTCs correlated with TNM staging only. Conclusion: Detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood indicates a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer.

Prognostic Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Ma, Xue-Lei,Li, Yan-Yan,Zhang, Jing,Huang, Jing-Wen,Jia, Hong-Yuan,Liu, Lei,Li, Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Background: Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients suffering from a variety of different cancers have become hot biomarker topics. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of CTCs in pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: Initial literature was identified using Medline and EMBASE. The primary data were hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and progression free survival/recurrence free survival (PFS/RFS). Results: A total of 9 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis, published between 2002 and 2013. The estimated pooled HR and 95%CI for OS for all studies was 1.64 (95%CI 1.39-1.94, p<0.00001) and the pooled HR and 95%CI for RFS/DFS was 2.36 (95%CI 1.41-3.96, p<0.00001). The HRs and 95%CIs for OS and RFS/DFS in patients before treatment were 1.93 (95%CI 1.26-2.96, p=0.003) and 1.82 (95%CI 1.22-2.72, p=0.003), respectively. In patients receiving treatment, the HRs and 95%CI for OS and RFS/DFS were 1.37 (95%CI 1.00-1.86, p=0.05) and 1.89 (95%CI 1.01-3.51, p=0.05), respectively. Moreover, the pooled HR and 95%CI for OS in the post-treatment group was 2.20 (95%CI 0.80-6.02, p=0.13) and the pooled HR for RFS/DFS was 8.36 (95%CI 3.22-21.67, p<0.0001). Conclusions: The meta-analysis provided strong evidence supporting the proposition that CTCs detected in peripheral blood have a fine predictive role in pancreatic patients especially on the time point of post-treatment.

Characteristics, Prognostic Factors, and Survival of Patients with NK/T-Cell Lymphoma of Non-upper Aerodigestive Tract: A 17-Year Single-Center Experience

Ze-Long Liu,Xi-Wen Bi,Xue-Wen Zhang,De-Xin Lei,Pan-Pan Liu,Hang Yang,Yan Gao,Yuan-Xue Jiang,Wen-Qi Jiang,Yi Xia 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.4

Purpose The extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) of non-upper aerodigestive tract (NUAT) was found to have clinical heterogeneity compared with NKTCL of the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) in small scale studies. We conducted this study in a much larger cohort to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, treatment modality, and clinical outcomes of patients with NUAT-NKTCL. Materials and Methods From January 2001 to December 2017, a total of 757 NKTCL patients were identified and included in this study, including 92 NUAT-NKTCL patients (12.2%) and 665 UAT-NKTCL patients (87.8%). Results NUAT-NKTCL patients had relatively poorer performance status, more unfavorable prognostic factors, and more advanced stage, compared with UAT-NKTCL patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 34.7% for NUAT-NKTCL, which was significantly worse than UAT-NKTCL (64.2%, p < 0.001). The median OS duration was 30.9 months for NUAT-NKTCL. Multivariate analysis showed that presence with B symptoms and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase independently predicted worse OS. International prognostic index score and prognostic index of NK lymphoma score still had prognostic values in NUAT-NKTCL, while the Ann Arbor system could not accurately predict the OS. Conclusion NUAT-NKTCL is a distinctive subtype of NKTCL in many aspects. Patients with NUAT-NKTCL have relatively poorer performance status, more unfavorable prognostic factors, more advanced stage, and poorer prognosis.

Environmental Sciences ; Roles of Sulfur in the Arsenic Tolerant Plant Adiantum capillus-veneris and the Hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata

( Xue Wen Li ),( Mei Lei ),( Tong Bin Chen ),( Xiao Ming Wan ) 한국응용생명화학회 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.5

Age-stage, two-sex life tables of the maple poison moth (Lymantria nebulosa Wileman) at different ambient temperatures

Lei Ling,Huang Hui Jing,Yi Jin Yu,Qiu Lin,Ding Wen Bin,He Hua Liang,Yi Tu Yong,Li You Zhi,Xue Jin 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.4

The maple poison moth (MPM), Lymantria nebulosa (Wileman), is a Lepidopteran defoliator and one of the most important pests of Liquidambar formosana Hance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of temperature on the population growth and reproduction of this species. MPM were raised in artificial climate chambers in a laboratory at 21 ± 1°C, 24 ± 1°C, 27 ± 1°C, 30 ± 1°C, 33 ± 1°C and 36 ± 1°C, under a relative humidity (RH) of 70% ± 10% and a 14 L:10D photoperiod, and age-stage, two-sex life tables complied for insects at each temperature. The developmental duration, adult preoviposition period and overall preoviposition period decreased with temperature in a time-dependent manner. The growth curves of the different temperature groups overlapped considerably. The highest larval survival rate (80%) was recorded at 30 ± 1°C. At 36°C only a few eggs hatched and the first instar could not complete the first molt. We consequently regard 36°C as the lethal temperature threshold for this species. Life expectancy decreased with age under all six temperatures. The endogenous growth rate was significantly lower at 21 ± 1°C than at the other temperatures, and was highest in 30 ± 1°C group. The net growth rate of the 30 ± 1°C group was also significantly higher than others. Reproductive parameters were highest at 27 ± 1°C and 30 ± 1°C. Although environmental factors absent from the laboratory environment may limit the generality of our results, they nonetheless provide a theoretical basis for developing integrated control methods for MPM in the wild.

Paint Removal of Airplane & Water Jet Application

Xue, Sheng-Xiong,Chen, Zheng-Wen,Ren, Qi-Le,Su, Ji-Xin,Han, Cai-Hong,Pang, lei Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2014 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.7 No.3

The paint removal and recoating are the very important process in airplane maintenance. The traditional technology is to use the chemical way corroding the paint with paint remover. For changing the defects, corrosion & pollution & manual working, of the traditional technology, the physical process which removes the paint of airplane with 250MPa/250kW ultra-high pressure rotary water jetting though the surface cleaner installed on the six axes robot is studied. The paint layer of airplane is very thin and close. The contradiction of water jetting paint removal is to remove the paint layer wholly and not damage the surface of airplane. In order to solve the contradiction, the best working condition must be reached through tests. The paint removal efficiency with ultra-high pressure and move speed of not damaged to the surface. The move speed of this test is about 2m/min, and the paint removal efficiency is about $30{\sim}40m^2/h$, and the paint removal active area is 85-90%. No-repeat and no-omit are the base requests of the robot program. The physical paint removal technology will be applied in airplane maintenance, and will face the safety detection of application permission.

Roles of Sulfur in the Arsenic Tolerant Plant Adiantum capillus-veneris and the Hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata

Xue-Wen Li,Mei Lei,Xiao-Ming Wan 한국응용생명화학회 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.5

In this study, the role of sulfur (S) and arsenic (As) species in the As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (P. vittata) and the As hypertolerant plant Adiantum capillus-veneris (A. capillus-veneris) were investigated. Under As exposure, sulfhydryl groups (-SH) increased in both plants, indicating that arsenate enhanced sulfur assimilation. This S then played different roles in the two plants. In A. capillus-veneris, As was mainly coordinated with S; whereas in P. vittata, it was coordinated with oxygen. Differences in As concentration and in the rate of As reduction were noted in the two plants. In A. capillus-veneris, As was present at lower levels and was reduced and coordinated (combined) with -SH. This was considered to represent a defense strategy to limit As transport to the frond. For P. vittata, we deduced that the SH group was likely used as an electron donor to reduce As (V) to As (III), therefore fewer SH groups were used to coordinate with reduced As (III). This was regarded as an accumulation strategy to facilitate As transport. The results of this study suggested that S played important roles in As detoxification and accumulation in tolerant and hyperaccumulating plants.

ATM Signaling Pathway Is Implicated in the SMYD3-mediated Proliferation and Migration of Gastric Cancer Cells

Wang, Lei,Wang, Qiu-Tong,Liu, Yu-Peng,Dong, Qing-Qing,Hu, Hai-Jie,Miao, Zhi,Li, Shuang,Liu, Yong,Zhou, Hao,Zhang, Tong-Cun,Ma, Wen-Jian,Luo, Xue-Gang The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.4

Purpose: We previously found that the histone methyltransferase suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, trithorax and myeloid-nervy-deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) is a potential independent predictive factor or prognostic factor for overall survival in gastric cancer patients, but its roles seem to differ from those in other cancers. Therefore, in this study, the detailed functions of SMYD3 in cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer were examined. Materials and Methods: SMYD3 was overexpressed or suppressed by transfection with an expression plasmid or siRNA, and a wound healing migration assay and Transwell assay were performed to detect the migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, an MTT assay and clonogenic assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation, and a cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, the expression of genes implicated in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway and proteins involved in cell cycle regulation were detected by polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Results: Compared with control cells, gastric cancer cells transfected with si-SMYD3 showed lower migration and invasion abilities (P<0.05), and the absence of SMYD3 halted cells in G2/M phase and activated the ATM pathway. Furthermore, the opposite patterns were observed when SMYD3 was elevated in normal gastric cells. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that the absence of SMYD3 could inhibit the migration, invasion, and proliferation of gastric cancer cells and halt cells in G2/M phase via the ATM-CHK2/p53-Cdc25C pathway. These findings indicated that SMYD3 plays crucial roles in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells and may be a useful therapeutic target in human gastric carcinomas.