Gingival and bone healing patterns with ridge preservation in beagle dogs

Xing-Hui Piao,Hyo-Seon Park,Eui-Ri Na,Young-Joon Kim,Jong-Wook Moon 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2020 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.44 No.2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and histologic findings of bone and gingival healing patterns with ridge preservation. The mandibular third premolars were extracted from beagle dogs and the dogs were euthanized after 12 weeks. The ridge preservation was performed and the animals were divided into 3 groups, including 1) Control: extraction; 2) surederm group: extraction+acellular dermal matrix (Surederm); 3) collatape group: extraction+collagen membrane (Collatape). Changes in the keratinized gingiva and bone volume of the extraction sockets were measured. In the surederm and collatape group, the decrease in keratinization was small and statistically insignificant. The surederm group had significantly greater dimensions of buccal gingiva as compared to the control and collatape groups at 4 weeks. The surederm group had greater dimensions of buccal gingiva as compared to the control group at 8 weeks. Histological observation showed that in the surederm group, a dark red-colored osteoid seam was observed around the alveolar bone. Osteoid seams were observed directly below and to the side of the socket. In the collatape group, a connective tissue band was observed at the site of contact with the alveolar bone. Both experimental groups had more alveolar bone volume than the control. The alveolar bone volume in the surederm group was significantly greater than that of the collatape group. The results suggest that the acellular dermal matrix results in better healing patterns than other methods.

티타늄 표면처리가 골모세포의 반응에 미치는 영향

( Xing Hui Piao ),김영준 조선대학교 치의학연구원 2015 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.39 No.2

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of several surface modifications with titanium on cell responses. Materials and Methods: Titanium discs (15 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were divided into five groups; control group, acid-treated group, alkali-heat-treated group, sandblasting with large grit and acid etching group, and resorbable blasted media group. The control group had a non-treated machined titanium surface. Changes in surface morphology were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope, substances were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and hydrophilic properties and surface tension were measured by the contact angle test. In order to examine biological responses, SEM observation, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were carried out. Results: The results are as follows. Each group showed a different surface morphology. Roughness test showed a statistically significant difference in Ra values. In the SEM analysis, spindle shaped cells with well-developed projections were detected, and cells were well attached. The alkali-heat-treated group showed the greatest number of attached cells, which had connecting projections. In the MTT analysis, the alkali-heat-treated group showed better cell viability than the other groups. Control and alkali-heat-treated groups showed similar cell viabilities. In the ALP activity test, every surface-treated group showed significantly higher values than the control group. Especially, alkali-heat-treated group had the highest ALP activity. Conclusion: The results suggest that titanium surface modification could show better surface properties and biological characteristics, especially in the alkali-heat-treated surface.

Surface characteristics and bioactivity of an anodized titanium surface

김결,이보아,Xing-Hui Piao,정현주,김영준 대한치주과학회 2013 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and biological response of an anodized titanium surface by cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis. Methods: Commercial pure titanium (Ti) disks were prepared. The samples were divided into an untreated machined Ti group and anodized Ti group. The anodization of cp-Ti was formed using a constant voltage of 270 V for 60 seconds. The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and an image analyzing microscope. The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. The contact angle and surface energy were analyzed. Cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated using mouse MC3T3-E1 cells. Results: The anodized Ti group had a more porous and thicker layer on its surface. The surface roughness of the two groups measured by the profilometer showed no significant difference (P>0.001). The anodized Ti dioxide (TiO2) surface exhibited better corrosion resistance and showed a significantly lower contact angle than the machined Ti surface (P>0.001). Although there was no significant difference in the cell viability between the two groups (P>0.001), the anodized TiO2 surface showed significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the surface modification of Ti by anodic oxidation improved the osteogenic response of the osteoblast cells.

ORAL BIOLOGY RESEARCH : Original Article ; Cell proliferating responses to magnesium coated β-TCP surface

( In Seok Lee ),( Xing Hui Piao ),( Young Joon Kim ),( Ki Deog Park ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2016 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.40 No.1

Bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), have been considered for use as synthetic bone graft substitutes in regenerative surgeries. However, the rate of bioresorption of β-TCP is unpredictable. In order to resolve the drawbacks of β-TCP, coatings of bioactive materials on the apatite graft base materials were introduced. Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and function. Cells are unable to proliferate in the absence of extracellular Mg because of the resultant reduction in DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. This study was performed to evaluate early osteoblastic cell responses to Mg coated β-TCP surfaces. The bioactive surfaces on β-TCP base were developed by radio frequency (RF) magnetron coating method. Thin Mg coating on β-TCP substrates was performed. Surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The bioactivity of coated surfaces was also evaluated by SEM and cell proliferation. The disks were divided into 2 groups: control group (TCP) and test group (TCP-Mg). SEM and EDX analysis showed that Mg deposition on the β-TCP substrates were performed successfully. Under SEM, no significant difference in cell morphology was observed between the TCP and TCP-Mg groups. In the MTT assay, the TCP-Mg group had significantly better cellular responses with regard to proliferation at 5 days (p<0.05). Within certain limitations, the results of this study suggests that Mg coatings on β-TCP offers great potential as a graft material for hard tissue regeneration.

Surface characteristics and osteoblastic cell response of alkali-and heat-treated titanium- 8tantalum-3niobium alloy

이보아,강충희,방몽숙,정영숙,Xing Hui Piao,김옥수,정현주,김영준 대한치주과학회 2012 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.42 No.6

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biological response of alkali- and heat-treated titanium-8tantalum-3niobium surfaces by cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis. Methods: Commercial pure titanium (group cp-Ti) and alkali- and heat-treated titanium-8tantalum-3niobium (group AHT)disks were prepared. The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersed spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. The contact angle and surface energy were also analyzed. The biological response of fetal rat calvarial cells on group AHT was assessed by cell proliferation and ALP activity. Results: Group AHT showed a flake-like morphology microprofile and dense structure. XPS analysis of group AHT showed an increased amount of oxygen in the basic hydroxyl residue of titanium hydroxide groups compared with group cp-Ti. The surface roughness (Ra) measured by a profilometer showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Group AHT showed a lower contact angle and higher surface energy than group cp-Ti. Cell proliferation on group AHT surfaces was significantly higher than on group cp-Ti surfaces (P<0.05). In comparison to group cp-Ti, group AHT enhanced ALP activity (P<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that group AHT stimulates osteoblast differentiation.

ORAL BIOLOGY RESEARCH : Original Article ; Osteoblast responses of thermally oxidized magnesium-calciummanganese alloy

( Young Tae Kim ),( Jun Young Cha ),( Xing Hui Piao ),( Young Joon Kim ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2016 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.40 No.1

Magnesium alloys are considered as potential biomedical materials due to their mechanical properties, which approximate cortical bone, as well as their biocompatibility. Thermal oxidation is one surface modification method used to increase the corrosion resistance of biomaterial surfaces. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess physical and biological differences of Mg-Ca-Mn alloy depending on oxidation heat treatment methods. The sample were divided into 3 groups: Group II: pure magnesium as a control group; Group II: untreated Mg-Ca-Mn alloy; Group III: Mg-Ca-Mn alloy treated at 500℃ for 2 hours. Scanning electron microscope assessment, immersion test, roughness test, and MTT assay were used to evaluate surface characteristics and physical and biologic properties of each sample. Oxide-treated Mg-Ca-Mn alloy treated thermally (Group III) showed an oxidized layer and precipitate with granular structure on the surface. During the immersion test, no significant difference was shown in pH values between the groups. The roughness measurements in Group I and Group III were significantly higher than the value in Group II, while there was no meaningful difference between Group I and Group III. The cell viability of Group III was higher than that of Group II, and statistically significant differences were observed on the third and fifth days. Also, significant differences were confirmed in Group III on the third and fifth days. Consequently, oxidation heat treatment, among various methods of surface treatment, can be considered as one method to improve properties in biocompatible materials by creating an oxidation layer on Mg-Ca-Mn alloys.

The effect of a novel botanical agent on early osteogenic response of osteoblasts

( Young-gon Sun ),( Young-tae Kim ),( Xing-hui Piao ),( Jong-wook Moon ),( Young-joon Kim ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2017 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.41 No.2

A mixture of Panax notoginseng and Rehmannia glutinosa libosch (BT-301) is a synthetically developed novel botanical agent having anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have shown that BT-301 prevents the destruction of periodontal tissue by inhibiting the secretion of several cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6). It was also reported that Panax notoginseng and Rehmannia glutinosa libosch have a positive influence on osteoblastic cells. However, related literatures on Panax notoginseng and Rehmannia glutinosa libosch are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the cell proliferation and osteogenic effects of BT-301 on osteoblastic cells. In dose and time kinetic studies performed, MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in α-MEM medium were treated with varying concentrations of BT-301 (control, 0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mg/ml), and incubated for 1, 3, and 5 days. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells was measured on day 7. Results show that MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to BT-301 at 0.156 mg/ml and 0.312 mg/ml concentrations, showed greater cell proliferation on day 3 (p<0.05). We conclude that correct exposure to the optimal concentration of BT-301 has a positive effect on bone healing.

Osteoblastic cell behavior to tantalum coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

( Bo-ah Lee ),( Jun-young Cha ),( Xing-hui Piao ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Young-joon Kim ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2016 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.40 No.3

Tantalum (Ta) coating is expected to improve clinical outcomes of titanium (Ti) dental implants due to its anticorrosion and biocompatibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ta coating on surface characteristics and osteoblastic cell response of Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface. Radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method was used to develop the Ta coating layer on Ti- 6Al-4V disks. Surface properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Electrochemical test was performed to evaluate the corrosion behavior. Cell responses were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Ta coating layer was formed with a uniform thickness. In electrochemical test, the passive layer was more uniform and stable in Ta-coating group than Ti-6Al-4V group. Cell morphology showed no difference between Ti-6Al-4V group and Ta-coating group. Ta-coating group showed higher cell proliferation than Ti-6Al-4V group at 1, 3 and 5 days (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in ALP activity level between two groups (p>0.05). These results suggest that Ta coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy could enhance surface properties and early osteogenic responses.

Effect of magnesium and calcium phosphate coatings on osteoblastic responses to the titanium surface

Park, Ki-Deog,Lee, Bo-Ah,Piao, Xing-Hui,Lee, Kyung-Ku,Park, Sang-Won,Oh, Hee-Kyun,Kim, Young-Joon,Park, Hong-Ju The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.4

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and in vitro bioactivity to osteoblasts of magnesium and magnesium-hydroxyapatite coated titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Themagnesium (Mg) and magnesium-hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) coatings on titanium (Ti) substrates were prepared by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering.The samples were divided into non-coated smooth Ti (Ti-S group), Mg coatinggroup (Ti-Mg group), and Mg-HA coating group (Ti-MgHA group).The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell adhesion, cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed. RESULTS. Cross-sectional SEM images showed that Mg and Mg-HA depositionson titanium substrates were performed successfully. The surface roughness appeared to be similaramong the three groups. Ti-MgHA and Ti-Mg group had improved cellular responses with regard to the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-associated markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA compared to those of Ti-S group. However, the differences between Ti-Mg group and Ti-MgHA group were not significant, in spite of the tendency of higher proliferation, ALP activity and BSP expression in Ti-MgHA group. CONCLUSION. Mg and Mg-HAcoatings could stimulate the differentiation into osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, potentially contributing to rapid osseointegration.

Surface characteristics and bioactivity of an anodized titanium surface

Kim, Kyul,Lee, Bo-Ah,Piao, Xing-Hui,Chung, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Young-Joon Korean Academy of Periodontology 2013 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and biological response of an anodized titanium surface by cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis. Methods: Commercial pure titanium (Ti) disks were prepared. The samples were divided into an untreated machined Ti group and anodized Ti group. The anodization of cp-Ti was formed using a constant voltage of 270 V for 60 seconds. The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and an image analyzing microscope. The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. The contact angle and surface energy were analyzed. Cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated using mouse $MC_3T_3-E_1$ cells. Results: The anodized Ti group had a more porous and thicker layer on its surface. The surface roughness of the two groups measured by the profilometer showed no significant difference (P>0.001). The anodized Ti dioxide ($TiO_2$) surface exhibited better corrosion resistance and showed a significantly lower contact angle than the machined Ti surface (P>0.001). Although there was no significant difference in the cell viability between the two groups (P>0.001), the anodized $TiO_2$ surface showed significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the surface modification of Ti by anodic oxidation improved the osteogenic response of the osteoblast cells.