Creep and creep-rupture of Alloy 617

Wright, J.K.,Lillo, T.M.,Wright, R.N.,Kim, Woo-Gon,Sah, In-Jin,Kim, Eung-Seon,Park, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Min-Hwan Elsevier 2018 Nuclear engineering and design Vol.329 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Ni-Cr-Mo-Co material Alloy 617 is the leading candidate for VHTR intermediate heat exchangers operating above 750°C. Time-dependent properties are an important consideration in qualifying the alloy for construction of nuclear components. Creep behavior of several different heats of Alloy 617 has been evaluated in the temperature range of 800–1000°C. Power law creep behavior was observed for the minimum creep rate, with a stress exponent of 5.6 and activation energy of approximately 400kcal/Mol. The Monkman-Grant approach relating minimum creep rate to time to rupture gave a reasonable representation of the data for all of the testing with a slope of −0.84. Similarly, a modified Monkman-Grant fit the strain to failure data reasonably well. A Larson-Miller analysis was carried out to compare rupture behavior determined in the current experiments and historical data with well-known provenance over a wide range of conditions. It appears that the properties of modern heats of material are near the lower bound of rupture behavior when all of the data are considered in the same analysis.</P>

Ultrasound Guided Local Endovascular Coiling of an Iatrogenic Superficial Temporal Artery Pseudoaneurysm

Christina Huang Wright,James Wright,Anish Badjatiya,Sunil Manjila,Steven Reed,Robert Geertman 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2015 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.17 No.4

Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are rare and may be treated by manual compression, surgical intervention, coil embolization, or percutaneous thrombin injection. We present a novel technique of local ultrasound guided low-profile coil embolization of the superficial temporal artery with both satisfactory cosmetic and surgical results

SIMULATED AP1000 RESPONSE TO DESIGN BASIS SMALL-BREAK LOCA EVENTS IN APEX-1000 TEST FACILITY

Wright, R.F. Korean Nuclear Society 2007 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.39 No.4

As part of the $AP1000^{TM}$ pressurized water reactor design certification program, a series of integral systems tests of the nuclear steam supply system was performed at the APEX-1000 test facility at Oregon State University. These tests provided data necessary to validate Westinghouse safety analysis computer codes for AP1000 applications. In addition, the tests provided the opportunity to investigate the thermal-hydraulic phenomena expected to be important in AP1000 small-break loss of coolant accidents (SBLOCAs). The APEX-1000 facility is a 1/4-scale pressure and 1/4-scale height simulation of the AP1000 nuclear steam supply system and passive safety features. A series of eleven tests was performed in the APEX-1000 facility as part of a U.S. Department of Energy contract. In all, four SBLOCA tests representing a spectrum of break sizes and locations were simulated along with tests to study specific phenomena of interest. The focus of this paper is the SBLOCA tests. The key thermal-hydraulic phenomena simulated in the APEX-1000 tests, and the performance and interactions of the passive safety-related systems that can be investigated through the APEX-1000 facility, are emphasized. The APEX-1000 tests demonstrate that the AP1000 passive safety-related systems successfully combine to provide a continuous removal of core decay heat and the reactor core remains covered with considerable margin for all small-break LOCA events.

Rhinoplasty Education Using a Standardized Patient Encounter

Wright, Eric J.,Khosla, Rohit K.,Howell, Lori,Lee, Gordon K. Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2016 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.43 No.5

Background Comprehensive aesthetic surgery training continues to be a challenge for residency programs. Our residency program developed a rhinoplasty-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) based upon validated methods as part of the residency education curriculum. We report our experience with the rhinoplasty-based OSCE and offer guidance to its incorporation within residency programs. Methods The encounter involved resident evaluation and operative planning for a standardized patient desiring a rhinoplasty procedure. Validated OSCE methods currently used at our medical school were implemented. Residents were evaluated on appropriate history taking, physical examination, and explanation to the patient of treatment options. Examination results were evaluated using analysis of variance (statistical significance P<0.05). Results Twelve residents completed the rhinoplasty OSCE. Medical knowledge assessment showed increasing performance with clinical year, 50% versus 84% for postgraduate year 3 and 6, respectively (P<0.005). Systems-based practice scores showed that all residents incorrectly submitted forms for billing and operative scheduling. All residents confirmed that the OSCE realistically represents an actual patient encounter. All faculty confirmed the utility of evaluating resident performance during the OSCE as a useful assessment tool for determining the Next Accreditation System Milestone level. Conclusions Aesthetic surgery training for residents will require innovative methods for education. Our examination showed a program-educational weakness in billing/coding, an area that will be improved upon by topic-specific lectures. A thoroughly developed OSCE can provide a realistic educational opportunity to improve residents' performance on the nonoperative aspects of rhinoplasty and should be considered as an adjunct to resident education.

Assessment of London underground tube tunnels - investigation, monitoring and analysis

Wright, Peter Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.3

Tube Lines has carried out a "knowledge and investigation programme" on the deep tube tunnels comprising the Jubilee, Northern and Piccadilly lines, as required by the PPP contract with London Underground. Many of the tunnels have been in use for over 100 years, so this assessment was considered essential to the future safe functioning of the system. This programme has involved a number of generic investigations which guide the assessment methodology and the analysis of some 5,000 individual structures. A significant amount of investigation has been carried out, including ultrasonic thickness measurement, detection of brickwork laminations using radar, stress measurement using magnetic techniques, determination of soil parameters using CPT, pressuremeter and laboratory testing, installation of piezometers, material and tunnel segment testing, and trialling of remote photographic techniques for inspection of large tunnels and shafts. Vibrating wire, potentiometer, electro level, optical and fibre-optic monitoring has been used, and laser measurement and laser scanning has been employed to measure tunnel circularity. It is considered that there is scope for considerable improvements in non-destructive testing technology for structural assessment in particular, and some ideas are offered as a "wish-list". Assessment reports have now been produced for all assets forming Tube Lines' deep tube tunnel network. For assets which are non-compliant with London Underground standards, the risk to the operating railway has to be maintained as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) using enhanced inspection and monitoring, or repair where required. Monitoring techniques have developed greatly during recent years and further advances will continue to support the economic whole life asset management of infrastructure networks.

性交後 陰莖浮腫과 紅斑

Wright, Richard A. 藥業新聞社 1980 (月刊) 醫藥情報 Vol.1980 No.5

Outsourcing : Will Women-owned SMEs in the APEC region be left behind?

Wright, Lorna Asian pacific women's information network center 2006 APWIN Vol.8 No.-

With the spread of globalization, there is a rapidly growing use of outsourcing by MNCs. Many of the beneficiaries of this use of outsourcing are SMEs in emerging markets, several of which are in the APEC region. However, MNCs have some stringent requirements of firms they outsource to. One of the requirements which is increasing in importance for a variety of reasons (such as ease and speed of communication, security, efficiency, cost reduction, quality control), is that the SME have a proficiency with electronic processes. These processes can be categorized as general (e.g., communication via email or VOIP, intelligence gathering over the internet), customer facing (e.g., on-line ordering, on-line payment), supplier facing (e.g., product design and development, logistics and inventory control), and dealing with third parties, such as banks and government (e.g., on-line banking, e-procurement). This research project surveyed SMEs in 11 APEC economies (Australia, Canada, China, Chile, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Philippines, USA, Vietnam) with a view to ascertaining whether there were differences between women-owned and men-owned SMEs in: 1) the level of use of electronic processes, 2) the type of electronic processes used, 3) barriers and benefits of use, and 4) desire to expand internationally. The survey was then followed in each economy by in-depth case studies to gain a richer context. The results indicate that although there are similarities, there are factors in women-owned SMEs that may hinder women-owned businesses from fully participating in the outsourcing that is part of the global value chain. SMEs which are blocked from participating at this stage may find that it becomes increasingly more difficult to break in later as MNCs firm up their suppliers and place increasingly greater demands on them.

Development and validation of a non-linear k-ε model for flow over a full-scale building

Wright, N.G.,Easom, G.J.,Hoxey, R.J. Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.3

At present the most popular turbulence models used for engineering solutions to flow problems are the $k-{\varepsilon}$ and Reynolds stress models. The shortcoming of these models based on the isotropic eddy viscosity concept and Reynolds averaging in flow fields of the type found in the field of Wind Engineering are well documented. In view of these shortcomings this paper presents the implementation of a non-linear model and its evaluation for flow around a building. Tests were undertaken using the classical bluff body shape, a surface mounted cube, with orientations both normal and skewed at $45^{\circ}$ to the incident wind. Full-scale investigations have been undertaken at the Silsoe Research Institute with a 6 m surface mounted cube and a fetch of roughness height equal to 0.01 m. All tests were originally undertaken for a number of turbulence models including the standard, RNG and MMK $k-{\varepsilon}$ models and the differential stress model. The sensitivity of the CFD results to a number of solver parameters was tested. The accuracy of the turbulence model used was deduced by comparison to the full-scale predicted roof and wake recirculation zone lengths. Mean values of the predicted pressure coefficients were used to further validate the turbulence models. Preliminary comparisons have also been made with available published experimental and large eddy simulation data. Initial investigations suggested that a suitable turbulence model should be able to model the anisotropy of turbulent flow such as the Reynolds stress model whilst maintaining the ease of use and computational stability of the two equations models. Therefore development work concentrated on non-linear quadratic and cubic expansions of the Boussinesq eddy viscosity assumption. Comparisons of these with models based on an isotropic assumption are presented along with comparisons with measured data.

Iron Age Landscapes of the Benue River Valley, Cameroon

Wright, David K.,MacEachern, Scott,Choi, Jungyu,Choi, Jeong-Heon,Lang, Carol,Djoussou, Jean-Marie Datouang Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2017 Journal of field archaeology Vol.42 No.5

UV Disinfection of Wastewater : Key Factors for Effective System Design

Wright, H.,Brunet, R.,Sakamoto, G.,Cairns, W. 영남대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.19 No.2

UV disinfection causes cross-linking of the DNA of micro-organisms, preventing their replication. The UV dose determines the level of disinfection, and is the product of UV germicidal intensity and reactor retention time. Reactors size depends on the flow and required dose for the water quality to be treated. Water quality is a function of the upstream treatment process, as shown through lab and pilot scale analysis of the UV dose response of effluent from primary, secondary, and tertiary plants. The most important water quality parameters are the ultraviolet transmittance (UVT) of the wastewater, and both the size and number of particles produced. As the level of treatment increases, the total suspended solids (TSS) generally decrease and UVT improves, reducing the reactor size. The use of ferric based flocculating agents decreases UVT and negatively impacts disinfection performance as compared with alum. Fouling of the quartz sleeves is increased with ferric flocculants.