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Sarah R. Sattin,Cory C. Cleveland,Eran Hood,Sasha C. Reed,Andrew J. King,Steven K. Schmidt,Michael S. Robeson,Nataly Ascarrunz,Diana R. Nemergut 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.6
Past work in recently deglaciated soils demonstrates that microbial communities undergo shifts prior to plant colonization. To date, most studies have focused on relatively ‘long’ chronosequences with the ability to sample plant-free sites over at least 50 years of development. However, some recently deglaciated soils feature rapid plant colonization and questions remain about the relative rate of change in the microbial community in the unvegetated soils of these chronosequences. Thus, we investigated the forelands of the Mendenhall Glacier near Juneau, AK, USA, where plants rapidly establish. We collected unvegetated samples representing soils that had been ice-free for 0, 1, 4, and 8 years. Total nitrogen (N) ranged from 0.00~0.14 mg/g soil, soil organic carbon pools ranged from 0.6~2.3 mg/g soil, and both decreased in concentration between the 0 and 4 yr soils. Biologically available phosphorus (P) and pH underwent similar dynamics. However, both pH and available P increased in the 8 yr soils. Nitrogen fixation was nearly undetectable in the most recently exposed soils, and increased in the 8 yr soils to ~5 ng N fixed/cm2/h, a trend that was matched by the activity of the soil N-cycling enzymes urease and β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries revealed no significant differences between the 0 and 8 yr soils; however, 8 yr soils featured the presence of cyanobacteria, a division wholly absent from the 0 yr soils. Taken together, our results suggest that microbes are consuming allochtonous organic matter sources in the most recently exposed soils. Once this carbon source is depleted, a competitive advantage may be ceded to microbes not reliant on in situ nutrient sources.
Christina Huang Wright,James Wright,Anish Badjatiya,Sunil Manjila,Steven Reed,Robert Geertman 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2015 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.17 No.4
Pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are rare and may be treated by manual compression, surgical intervention, coil embolization, or percutaneous thrombin injection. We present a novel technique of local ultrasound guided low-profile coil embolization of the superficial temporal artery with both satisfactory cosmetic and surgical results